超临界CO_2萃取牛蒡片挥发油及气相色谱-质谱联用分析

目的:探讨超临界CO2萃取牛蒡片挥发油的可行性并检测其化学成分。方法:采用超临界CO2萃取得到牛蒡片挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对其化学成分进行分析。结果:挥发油的萃取率为0.84%,从挥发油中分离出41个峰,鉴定出其中31种化合物。结论:超临界CO2萃取可作为一种有效提取牛蒡片挥发油的方法,其挥发油为多种类型化合物的混合物。     

不同提取方法对莪术挥发油成分的影响

目的考察不同提取方法中莪术挥发油化学成分及含量的差异,优化最佳提取工艺。方法以莪术挥发油的收率为指标,采用水蒸气蒸馏和超临界萃取并设计正交试验,用GC-MS联用分析各挥发油的含量,对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果水蒸气蒸馏法中的最佳条件为A2B3C2(粉碎粒度为20-40目,蒸馏时间为8h,加水量800mL),超临界CO2萃取挥发油的最佳条件为A2B3C1(萃取压力20Mpa,萃取温度为55℃,粉碎度为10-20目)。结论两种不同提取方法所得挥发油含量不同。经过比较,超临界CO2萃取挥发油的收率高,但主要有效成分较低,所得的化合物比常规法少,其化学成分差别也较大。     

蜘蛛香超临界CO2萃取物化学成分的研究

目的研究蜘蛛香的超临界CO2萃取物的化学成分及相对含量。方法采用超临界CO2萃取蜘蛛香挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)测定化学成分及相对含量;检索质谱库并参考相关文献进行鉴定。结果蜘蛛香超临界CO2萃取物得率为8.85%,分离得到80个组分峰,对其中的74种成分进行了鉴定分析。结论应用超临界CO2萃取蜘蛛香,提高了挥发油收率,最大限度地保留了天然组分,值得推广应用于蜘蛛香的研究开发和工业提取。     

正交试验优选山茱萸超临界CO2萃取条件及萃取物GC-MS分析的研究

目的 优选山茱萸超临界CO2萃取条件及萃取物GC-MS分析.方法 采用正交试验,考察萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量和时间四因素对山茱萸超临界CO2萃取物得率的影响并对萃取物成分进行GC-MS分析.结果 ①CO2萃取的最佳条件为:萃取压力35 MPa,萃取温度50 ℃ ,CO2流量20 L/h,萃取时间2 h.GC-MS共分离出72个峰,鉴定了其中32种物质,占总组分的84.27%.主要成分为棕榈酸、9,12-十八碳二烯酸、9-十八碳烯酸及其相关酯类.结论 优选了山茱萸超临界CO2萃取条件并对萃取物进行了GC-MS分析.     

牛蒡根挥发油超临界CO_2萃取的工艺研究

目的:对超临界CO2流体萃取牛蒡根挥发油的工艺条件进行研究。方法:通过单因素试验研究萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间对萃取率的影响,并采用正交试验设计优化工艺条件。结果:最佳萃取条件为萃取温度45℃、萃取压力25 MPa、萃取时间1.5 h,在此条件下,超临界CO2流体萃取牛蒡根挥发油的萃取率为2.92%。结论:超临界CO2流体萃取牛蒡根挥发油具有较高的萃取率,最佳条件为萃取温度45℃、萃取压力25 MPa、萃取时间1.5 h,且萃取温度对萃取率有显著影响。     

正交实验法优选海南黑胡椒超临界CO_2萃取工艺研究

目的:用正交实验法优化超临界CO2流体萃取黑胡椒挥发油成分的工艺条件。方法:采用正交实验,以萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取时间为考察因素,以黑胡椒油的萃取得率为指标考察黑胡椒的提取工艺。结果:优选出的黑胡椒油最佳提取工艺条件为:萃取压力为30 Mpa,萃取温度为55℃,萃取时间为2 h。结论:确定的黑胡椒油CO2超临界萃取最佳提取工艺为黑胡椒油的中试生产条件及工业化生产提供了理论依据和应用基础。     

五脉绿绒蒿超临界二氧化碳萃取工艺及其成分分析

目的 研究五脉绿绒蒿超临界二氧化碳萃取挥发油化学成分,同时对萃取工艺进行优化.方法 应用超临界二氧化碳萃取法对五脉绿绒蒿挥发油部分进行萃取,采用正交试验,考察萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取时间三因素对五脉绿绒蒿超临界二氧化碳萃取物得率的影响,并应用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术分析萃取物的化学成分,用峰面积归一法测定各化合物的相对含量.结果 确定优选工艺条件为：萃取温度45℃,萃取时间2.5 h,萃取压强25 mPa,五脉绿绒蒿药材中萃取物经GC-MS分析,通过美国国家标准与技术局（NIST）检索一共鉴定出66个化合物的具体结构,其中正十六烷酸、亚油酸、正二十九烷、新植二烯、芳樟醇等在该药材萃取物中占的比例较高.结论 该方法提取条件优良,初步揭示了该药材萃取物成分,对进一步研究其化学成分打下基础,为药材的质量评价提供科学参考.     

超临界CO_2萃取栀子油的工艺研究

目的:确定超临界CO2萃取栀子油的最佳工艺条件。方法:采用超临界CO2萃取栀子油,用极差分析法确定其最佳工艺条件。结果:栀子油最佳萃取得率12.00%。结论:萃取压力是影响栀子油得率的主要因素;超临界CO2萃取栀子油的最佳工艺条件是:萃取压力25MPa;萃取温度45℃;解析釜Ⅰ压力12MPa;解析釜Ⅰ温度45℃。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析关苍术化学成分

[目的]分析关苍术挥发油的化学成分及含量.[方法]采用不加夹带剂二氧化碳超临界萃取(SFE)法及加入夹带剂(乙醇)二氧化碳超临界萃取(SFC加C)法对关苍术进行萃取,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对关苍术挥发油进行成分鉴定,用峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.[结果]从用SFE法提取的关苍术挥发油中鉴定出37种成分,从SFE加C法提取的中鉴定出55种化合物,2种方法所得提取物中8种成分相同.[结论]基本确定了关苍术挥发油的化学成分.     

两种方法提取苗药大果木姜子叶挥发油化学成分的比较研究

目的:通过研究大果木姜子叶中挥发油的化学成分,为苗药大果木姜子的进一步开发利用以及是否可以用叶代替果实入药提供理论依据。方法:采用超临界CO2流体萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法对大果木姜子叶中的挥发油进行提取,应用GC-MS联用技术对其化学成分进行分析鉴定,测定了各化合物的相对百分含量,并对两种方法提取所得的挥发油进行比较。结果:超临界CO2流体萃取法的挥发油得率约为水蒸气蒸馏法的1·6倍,且两种方法提取的挥发性成分存在一定差异。结论:超临界CO2流体萃取挥发油得率高,提取时间短,温度低,低挥发性成分萃取完全,是提取苗药大果木姜子叶挥发油的理想方法,并且其主要成分为桉油精,与以果实入药的主要成分相同,为叶代替果实入药,扩大该苗药的药用部位提供了一定的理论依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.