两种水迷宫实验对拟痴呆模型动物学习记忆功能测试的比较

目的采用两种水迷宫实验对拟痴呆动物学习记忆功能进行比较.方法将小鼠、大鼠各分为:正常对照组、模型组及给药组.用通道式及Morris水迷宫对两种动物模型分别进行测试.结果两组动物模型与给药组比较,在通道式水迷宫中游出时间均无明显差异(P>0.05),在Morris水迷宫测试中,两种动物模型[小鼠(99.319±38.10)s;大鼠(74.34±41.64)s]与双方特定的给药组[匹拉西坦组(63.58±48.26)s;多奈哌齐组(36.85±36.59)s]比较均出现显著差异(P＜0.05). 结论通道式水迷宫和Morris水迷宫测试方法均能反映动物学习和记忆功能,而后者对于动物来讲学习过程较为简单,能够敏感地反映出动物的学习记忆功能.两种水迷宫最好结合使用,以得到客观的结果.     

两种水迷宫在测试拟阿尔茨海默病小鼠学习记忆能力中的比较

目的采用两种水迷宫对拟阿尔茨海默病小鼠学习记忆功能进行比较。方法将小鼠分为正常对照组、模型组及给药组。用Morris水迷宫和MS-2水迷宫自动控制仪分别测试各组小鼠的学习记忆能力。结果在Morris水迷宫测试中,模型组与对照组,给药组与模型组比较,逃避潜伏期均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,在MS-2水迷宫自动控制仪测试中,模型组与对照组比较有明显差异（P〈0.05）,而给药组与模型组比较,游出水迷路的时间均有所减少,但没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论Morris水迷宫和MS-2水迷宫自动控制仪测试方法均能反映动物学习和记忆功能,而前者能更敏感地反映出动物的学习记忆能力。因此,Morris水迷宫应为实验首选,当然在实验需要时,两种水迷宫最好结合使用,以得到客观的结果。     

不同鼠种在Morris水迷宫学习记忆行为中的种属差异

目的研究三种鼠在Morris水迷宫中空间学习与记忆能力的种间差异.方法选成年SD大鼠、C57/BL小鼠和昆明种小鼠,以相同实验条件进行5d的Morris水迷宫学习与记忆测试,包括前4d的隐藏平台获得实验和第5天的空间搜索实验.结果三组动物寻找隐藏平台的逃避潜伏期均迅速下降,第2天C57/BL小鼠和SD大鼠的逃避潜伏期(25.19±4.09)s和(27.87±5.09)s明显低于昆明种小鼠(42.76±4.70)s,第3天C57/BL小鼠(16.62±3.46)s仍显著低于与昆明种小鼠(34.69±3.07)s.目标象限游泳时间C57/BL小鼠(26.94±6.53)s明显长于SD大鼠和昆明种小鼠(19.98±5.27)s和(17.53±7.29)s;游泳路径的区域百分比分布显示,C57/BL和昆明种小鼠在中心区最多,而SD大鼠在20%边缘区最多.结论三种大小鼠采取不同的空间搜索策略;C57/BL小鼠是一稳定的、适于水迷宫实验的良好鼠种.     

不同鼠种在Morris水迷宫学习记忆行为中的种属差异

目的研究三种鼠在Morris水迷宫中空间学习与记忆能力的种间差异。方法选成年SD大鼠、C57/BL小鼠和昆明种小鼠,以相同实验条件进行5d的Morris水迷宫学习与记忆测试,包括前4d的隐藏平台获得实验和第5天的空间搜索实验。结果 三组动物寻找隐藏平台的逃避潜伏期均迅速下降,第2天C57/BL小鼠和SD大鼠的逃避潜伏期(25.19±4.09)s和(27.87±5.09)s明显低于昆明种小鼠(42.76±4.70)s,第3天C57/BL小鼠(16.62±3.46)s仍显著低于与昆明种小鼠(34.69±3.07)s。目标象限游泳时间C57/BL小鼠(26.94±6.53)s明显长于SD大鼠和昆明种小鼠(19.98±5.27)s和(17.53±7.29)s;游泳路径的区域百分比分布显示,C57/BL和昆明种小鼠在中心区最多,而SD大鼠在20％边缘区最多。结论 三种大小鼠采取不同的空间搜索策略;C57/BL小鼠是一稳定的、适于水迷宫实验的良好鼠种。     

D-半乳糖致脑老化小鼠的物体识别能力障碍研究

目的应用物体识别方法研究D 半乳糖长期注射致脑老化小鼠模型的学习记忆能力 ,并比较物体识别方法与Morris水迷宫方法对该模型测试的灵敏性。方法C5 7BL/ 6小鼠 ,随机分成正常对照组、D 半乳糖低剂量组 (5 0mg/kg ,sc)、D 半乳糖高剂量组 (10 0mg/kg ,sc) ,连续造模 8周。以物体识别方法和Morris水迷宫方法测试各组动物的学习记忆能力。结果在物体识别测试中 ,D 半乳糖高剂量组分辨指数 (15 .71± 3 .94)较对照组 (4 5 .89± 7.41)减低具有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,低剂量分辨指数(2 4.69± 6.2 5 )与对照组的差异也存在显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。在Morris水迷宫测试中 ,D 半乳糖高剂量组动物逃逸潜伏期比对照组延长有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;高剂量组在目标象限空间探索所停留时间与游泳距离比均较正常对照组减少有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论D 半乳糖可导致小鼠出现显著的物体识别能力障碍 ,用物体识别测试方法比Morris水迷宫方法更灵敏地反映该模型小鼠的学习记忆障碍。     

夏天无总生物碱对东茛菪碱及D-半乳糖所致大鼠学习记忆障碍的影响

目的　研究夏天无总生物碱对东莨菪碱及 D-半乳糖致学习记忆障碍大鼠行为学的影响。方法　大鼠连续ig夏天无总生物碱 15 d后 ,对东莨菪碱造成记忆获得障碍大鼠进行“Y”型电迷宫和 Morris水迷宫行为学检测 ;D-半乳糖 sc 6周、夏天无总生物碱给药 5周后进行“Y”型电迷宫行为学检测。结果　在“Y”型电迷宫行为学检测中 ,夏天无总生物碱用药组〔0 .5～ 4mg/ ( kg· d)〕大鼠学习记忆成绩较模型组均有显著的提高 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;Morris水迷宫行为学检测中 ,夏天无总生物碱用药组〔0 .2 5～ 1.0 mg/ ( kg· d)〕大鼠对撤去平台的记忆成绩较模型组大鼠有显著的提高 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　夏天无总生物碱对东莨菪碱及 D-半乳糖造成的两种学习记忆获得障碍大鼠的学习记忆能力均有明显的改善作用。     

D-半乳糖致脑老化小鼠的物体识别能力障碍研究

目的应用物体识别方法研究D-半乳糖长期注射致脑老化小鼠模型的学习记忆能力,并比较物体识别方法与Morris水迷宫方法对该模型测试的灵敏性.方法 C57BL/6小鼠,随机分成正常对照组、D-半乳糖低剂量组(50mg/kg,sc)、D-半乳糖高剂量组(100mg/kg,sc),连续造模8周.以物体识别方法和Morris水迷宫方法测试各组动物的学习记忆能力.结果在物体识别测试中, D-半乳糖高剂量组分辨指数(15.71±3.94)较对照组(45.89±7.41)减低具有非常显著性意义 (P<0.001),低剂量分辨指数(24.69±6.25)与对照组的差异也存在显著性意义(P<0.05).在Morris水迷宫测试中,D-半乳糖高剂量组动物逃逸潜伏期比对照组延长有显著性意义(P<0.01);高剂量组在目标象限空间探索所停留时间与游泳距离比均较正常对照组减少有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论 D-半乳糖可导致小鼠出现显著的物体识别能力障碍,用物体识别测试方法比Morris水迷宫方法更灵敏地反映该模型小鼠的学习记忆障碍.     

急性甲醇中毒大鼠空间学习记忆功能改变的研究

目的 探讨大鼠急性高剂量和低剂量甲醇中毒后空间学习记忆功能的改变.方法 复制急性高剂量和低剂量甲醇中毒大鼠各10只,并设生理盐水对照组(n=10),给予各组大鼠灌胃相应剂量甲醇溶液或生理盐水,并吸入等比(1∶1)混合气体(N20/02);应用Morris水迷宫评价急性甲醇中毒大鼠的空间学习记忆功能.结果 Morris水迷宫结果显示:与生理盐水对照组(60.43±7.13)s相比,低剂量组(89.55±7.98)s和高剂量组(98.77±5.64)s在Morris水迷宫水下隐匿平台实验第1天的逃避潜伏期显著延长(P＜0.05);第2～5天高剂量组逃避潜伏期较低剂量组和生理盐水对照组明显延长(P＜0.05);3组在第6～7天的水上可见平台实验中的逃避潜伏期时间和无平台探测实验中第Ⅲ象限的停留时间均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 急性甲醇中毒大鼠有空间学习记忆功能障碍,程度与甲醇中毒剂量有关.     

吗啡成瘾对大鼠及小鼠学习与记忆能力影响的实验研究

目的 研究吗啡成瘾对大鼠及小鼠学习与记忆能力的影响。方法 将２４只ＳＤ大鼠昆明小鼠分别随机分成３组;即吗啡成瘾组、吗啡成瘾后戒断组和对照组。然后分组对动物进行Ｍorris水迷宫训练。结果（1）在Morris水迷宫掩蔽平台次训练中,吗啡成瘾组动物（大鼠和小鼠）的逃避潜伏期对与对照组及吗啡戒断组动物相比,均明显延长（P＜0．01）;（2）对照组动物的逃避潜伏期最短;（3）在Morris水迷宫可见平台学习中,无论是大鼠还是小鼠,三组动物逃避潜伏期均随着学习训练逐渐缩短,无明显组间差别（P＞0．05）。结论 吗啡成瘾可明显损害动物的学习记忆能力。     

慢性低剂量梭曼染毒对大鼠学习记忆及脑组织胆碱酯酶活力的影响

目的研究慢性低剂量梭曼 (soman)染毒对大鼠学习记忆及脑组织胆碱酯酶 (AChE)活力的影响。方法以皮下注射梭曼 (2 40 μg·kg 1,s .c ,sig× 14d)为染毒模型 ,采用Morris水迷宫试验进行行为检测 ,比色法测海马和前额叶皮层胆碱酯酶活力。结果Morris水迷宫试验中 ,10 μg/kg组和 40 μg/kg梭曼给药组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长 ,撤除平台后跨越原平台位置次数 (7.2± 1.48,6.0± 0 .0 0 )减少 ,在原平台象限游泳时间百分率 (4 7.82 % ,45 .83 % )明显下降 ;梭曼给药组大鼠海马和前额叶皮层胆碱酯酶活力均明显低于生理盐水对照组 ,且呈剂量依赖性。结论慢性低剂量梭曼染毒致学习记忆障碍 ,可能与乙酰胆碱过度堆积引起中枢毒蕈碱样胆碱能受体 (M受体 )下调有关     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.