CT引导下臭氧盘内盘外注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的观察臭氧盘内、盘外注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法选择腰椎间盘突出症患者46例,在CT引导下行盘内穿刺注射浓度为60μg/ml的氧气-臭氧混合气体5~8ml,盘外(椎间孔)注射浓度为40μg/ml氧气-臭氧混合气体10ml,得保松1ml,观察其治疗效果。结果46例腰椎间盘突出症患者治疗3个月后进行随访,按照改良Macnab疗效评定标准进行评定,优17例(36.9%),良26例(56.5%),差3例(6.5%),优良率93.2%。无一例脊髓、神经、硬膜囊、血管、肠管损伤等严重并发症发生。结论CT引导下臭氧盘内盘外注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症,具有定位准确、操作简单、安全可靠、痛苦小、并发症少、恢复快、效果佳的特点,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症良好的介入治疗方法之一。     

臭氧与胶原蛋白酶联合应用治疗腰椎间盘突出

目的观察经皮穿刺联合注射臭氧(O3)及胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床应用价值。方法50例腰椎间盘突出症患者于CT引导下行后路途径穿刺突出物达到盘内，于盘内注射浓度为60pg／ml臭氧(O3)，退针达突出物中央联合注射600U胶原酶2ml及60μg／ml臭氧(O3)5ml。结果患者于术后6个月时获得最佳疗效，其疗效优、良、差率分别为44％、48％和8％。结论椎间盘内和突出物内联合注射臭氧及胶原酶是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种有效、安全的方法。     

CT导向下医疗用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的观察CT导向下医用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法30例腰椎间盘突出症患者,术前均经CT或MRI检查证实。在CT导向下行臭氧消融治疗。盘内注入浓度为60μg/ml臭氧10-20 ml,退针出纤维环至椎间孔附近,注入浓度为40μg/ml臭氧5 ml。结果随访时间1-6个月,显效7例,有效18例,无效5例,总有效率为80.3%,未发生任何明显并发症。结论CT导向下医用臭氧局部注射是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种有效方法。     

CT引导下臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨CT引导下臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出的价值。方法45例患者中椎间盘突出30例、椎间盘膨出15例,于CT引导下穿刺行臭氧注射治疗。穿刺途径:椎间盘突出为旁中央型者,经神经根与硬膜囊之间或神经根与小关节之间穿刺突出物达盘内;椎间盘膨出或后正中突出者则取脊柱中线旁开6~10 cm侧后方穿刺。分别于盘内及突出物中央和盘外注射浓度为40~50μg/ml臭氧5~15 ml,总量小于30 ml。结果注射臭氧后CT扫描显示臭氧在间盘内分布呈裂隙状、髓核腔内积聚状、弥散分布状及大部分溢出盘外状。治疗后3~6个月随访显效36例(80%)、有效6例(13%)、无效3例(7%),总有效率93%。结论CT引导下盘内、突出物及盘外臭氧注射术穿刺准确,可及时观察臭氧分布及注射后间盘的改变。它安全、创伤小、疗效高,是椎间盘突出症的理想治疗方法。     

CT导引经皮穿刺臭氧椎间盘溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的观察CT导引经皮穿刺臭氧椎间盘溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及安全性。方法31例经CT或MRI检查证实为腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中椎间盘膨出5例,突出24例,脱出2例。在CT导引下采用19～21G穿刺针经皮穿刺至椎间盘,实施盘内及椎管内或椎间孔周围臭氧注射术。盘内注射臭氧浓度为50～60μg/ml,注射量5～10ml;椎管内或椎间孔周围注射浓度为30～40μg/ml,注射量10～15ml。随访3～6个月。按Macnab和SF-36生存质量调查问卷(中文版)来评定疗效。结果总有效率为81.7%,优19例(60.4%),良6例(19.3%),差6例(19.3%);治疗后患者在躯体健康(PF)、躯体角色功能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、总体健康(GH)、生命活力(VT)、社会功能(SF)、情绪角色功能(RE)、心理健康(MH)等8个维度上均较治疗前有显著改善(P<0.01),在终得分上也有显著提高(P<0.01)。无一例严重并发症发生。结论CT导引经皮穿刺臭氧椎间盘溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有创伤小、安全性高、恢复快、疗效确切等优点,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全有效的方法。     

臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床观察

目的观察臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及临床价值。方法笔者收治89例腰椎间盘突出症的患者。均采用臭氧消融术治疗。在C臂机引导定位下,经腰椎侧后方（安全三角）入路,用9G长为15cm穿刺针,经皮穿刺病变椎间盘后,注入50ug／L臭氧51—10ml,再退针至椎间孔后注入40ug／L臭氧10-15ml后结束手术（有7例急性病重者在椎间孔注完臭氧后,注入曲安奈德10mg与1％利多卡因3ml混合液）。结果所有患者术后随访3个月。显效46例,有效37例,无效6例,总有效率为93．3％。结论臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效可靠,几乎无副作用,是一种治疗腰椎间盘突出症较好的微创方法。     

臭氧经皮注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效观察

目的评价臭氧经皮注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床应用价值。方法对临床及CT或MRI诊断的腰椎间盘突出症152例,其中CT或MRI示膨出型者给予椎间盘内注射浓度为35-50ug/ml臭氧10-20ml;突出型者椎间盘内注射臭氧,加硬膜外腔前间隙注射胶原酶1200u。结果所有患者术后3个月随访观察,按照改良Macnab疗效评定标准,优101例,良37例,可10例,差4例,优良率90.8%,总有效率97.4%。结论臭氧经皮注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效可靠,可作为腰椎间盘突出症治疗的首选方法。     

多次经皮靶点穿刺臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨多次经皮靶点穿刺臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析自2014-01—2014-12采用经皮多点多次臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症20例。所有患者均注射3次,每5 d注射1次,臭氧浓度为60μg/ml。结果臭氧消融过程中未见神经根损伤、心脑血管意外及感染,仅2例在L5S1间隙穿刺时出现脑脊液漏,行补液等对症治疗后症状消失。术后VAS评分较术前明显降低,各时间点评分持续下降,差异有统计学意义(F=317.13,P0.001)。20例术后均获得随访3~15个月,平均6个月。术后3个月采用改良Macnab评分标准评定疗效:优16例,良2例,可2例,优良率90%。结论多次经皮靶点穿刺臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全有效,值得临床推广。     

CT引导下经皮臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察

目的:探讨CT引导下经皮臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果.方法:将120例腰椎间盘突出症患者在CT引导下在盘内及神经根注射臭氧.结果:术后随访3-12月,优88例,良24例,可6例,差2例,优良率93.3%.结论:经皮臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症是安全、有效的方法,值得临床推广应用.     

经皮臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症82例观察

目的探讨医用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法自2005年11月至2009年3月采用经皮穿刺腰椎间盘髓核臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症82例,观察治疗结果。结果本组共82例患者,随访6~12个月,疗效根据改良的M acN ab腰腿痛手术评定标准评定,显效53例,有效12例,无效17例,总有效率79%。结论医用臭氧椎间盘内注射是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法 ,具有操作简单、安全性好、效果确切及并发症少等优点,但需要一定的设备。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.