白内障手术不同切口对视力和屈光力的影响

目的了解白内障手术不同切口对术后视力和角膜屈光力的影响。方法对白内障囊外摘除和超声乳化５ｍｍ弧形切口、７ｍｍ眉状切口的２４３只眼，于术后三个不同时期进行视力和角膜曲率测定，并予比较。结果超声乳化５ｍｍ弧形切口组和７ｍｍ眉状切口组术后１／２、３和６个月的角膜屈光力差明显低于囊外摘除组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且视力显著高于后者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。超声乳化７ｍｍ眉状切口和５ｍｍ弧形切口组之间，前者术后１／２和３个月的角膜屈光力差明显低于后者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论超声乳化７ｍｍ眉状切口为一有效控制术后角膜散光的术式。     

白内障超声乳化吸除术的不同切口对角膜散光的影响

为探讨超声乳化白内障吸除术不同大小切口对术后视力和手术源性角膜散光的影响，对白内障超声乳化３２ｍｍ水平切口、６０ｍｍ反眉状切口的６９只眼对照白内障囊外摘除术１２ｍｍ切口的９６只眼，在术后１周至３个月进行视力和角膜散光的测定和评价。结果：超声乳化３２ｍｍ切口组和６０ｍｍ组术后１周至１个月的视力明显高于囊外摘除１２ｍｍ切口组（Ｐ＜００５），术后１周至３个月时超声乳化组角膜散光明显低于囊外摘除组（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：采用６ｍｍ反眉状巩膜隧道切口水平缝合一针，同样有效减少术后角膜散光并早期获得良好视力，术后１个月时的视力和角膜散光比较３２ｍｍ切口组无明显差异。     

不同手术切口对白内障术后视力和屈光力的影响

目的　评价白内障不同的手术切口对术后视力恢复的影响。方法　对１８６ 只眼老年性、并发性、发育性和无角膜瘢痕的外伤性白内障行ＥＣＣＥ（ＣＣＣ） 加ＩＯＬ。切口为１１ ｍ ｍ ,隧道６ ｍ ｍ 及反眉状５ ．５ ｍ ｍ 巩膜切口,手术后１ ｗｋ ,１ ｍ ｏ ,３ ｍ ｏ 进行视力和屈光检查与比较。结果　随着手术切口的缩小和手术切口的改进,角膜散光明显减少,视力明显提高。结论　提示反眉状隧道式白内障摘出术ＩＯＬ 术具有有效控制术后散光,全面重建视功能的优点     

白内障超声乳化吸出及折叠人工晶体植入手术分析

目的：评价超声乳化白内障吸出及折叠人工晶体植入术的疗效。方法：对５６例（６４只眼）老年性、先天性和并发性白内障施行３．２ｍｍ巩膜隧道切口超声乳化及折叠人工晶体植入术。并对术后１周、１个月及３个月视力和散光进行追踪观察。结果：术后１周裸眼或矫正视力≥０．５者占８７．５％，１个月者占９３．８％，３个月以上者占９７．１％。术后１周平均散光为１．４２±０．８９Ｄ，１个月为０．８４±０．６４Ｄ，３个月以上为０．８１±０．１２Ｄ。与同期所做５．５ｍｍ切口超声乳化及ＰＭＭＡ硬性人工晶体植入术组比较，术后１周和１个月散光均小于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），术后３个月散光无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：３．２ｍｍ切口超声乳化及折叠人工晶体植入术早期视力恢复快，效果好而稳定，角膜散光小，适当的植入方法及慎重选择病例可保证手术效果。     

白内障手术切口与视力关系的研究

目的：了解白内障手术不同切口与术后视力的关系。方法：对白内障囊外摘出10mm长巩膜隧道切口，超声乳化6mm长反眉状切口共97眼于术后两个不同时期进行视力和角膜散光测定并比较。结果：超声乳化6mm长反眉状切口于术后1周，1月的角膜散光明显低于囊外摘出组（P＜0．05）且视力明显高于后者（P＜0．05）。结论：超声乳化反眉状6mm长隧道切口能早期提高术后视力及控制角膜散光。     

超声乳化术治疗高度近视并发性白内障术后视力恢复的影响因素

目的　分析超声乳化术治疗高度近视并发性白内障术后视力恢复的影响因素。方法　对６３例（８７眼）高度近视并发性白内障患者行超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术,术后随访３个月,分别测量患者视力、最佳矫正视力及眼底检查,术后最佳矫正视力分为＜０．３和≥０．３两个等级,并用Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析年龄、近视病史时间、术前眼轴长度、术前角膜散光度、术前角膜屈光度、玻璃体后脱离、后巩膜葡萄肿及黄斑病变多种因素对术后视力恢复的影响。结果　术后２周视力:裸眼视力:＜０．３者４５眼（５１．７２％）,≥０．３者４２眼（４８．２８％）;最佳矫正视力:＜０．３者３２眼（３６．７８％）,≥０．３者５５眼（６３．２２％）。术后３个月视力:裸眼视力:＜０．３者３８眼（４３．６８％）,≥０．３者４９眼（５６．３２％）;最佳矫正视力:＜０．３者２３眼（２６．４４％）,≥０．３者６４眼（７３．５６％）。术后最佳矫正视力＜０．３和≥０．３组比较,眼轴长度、角膜散光度、黄斑病变差异均有统计学意义（均为＜０．０５）。黄斑病变（ＯＲ:８．０６,９５％ＣＩ:１．７５～３７．０７）、角膜散光度（ＯＲ:３．８７,９５％ＣＩ:１．２０～１２．４８）和眼轴长度（ＯＲ:１．５０,９５％ＣＩ:１．０９～２．０６）是术后矫正视力恢复的独立影响因素;有黄斑病变者术后矫正视力预后差;随着角膜散光度和眼轴长度的增加,术后矫正视力恢复差;其他因素尚不能认为是术后视力恢复的独立影响因素。结论　超声乳化术治疗高度近视并发性白内障是安全有效地,伴随黄斑病变、角膜散光度过大和眼轴过长是超声乳化术治疗高度近视并发性白内障术后低视力的独立影响因素,影响强度:黄斑病变＞角膜散光度过大＞眼轴过长。     

2.8 mm切口超声乳化白内障吸除术的临床观察

探讨２．８ｍｍ透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障吸附折叠式人工晶状植入手术效果。方法对１０５例（１２６只眼）行上述手术患者的术后视力、屈光状态、角膜状态,前房反应、角膜内皮细胞损失率进行回顾性总结。结果术后１ｄ、３ｄ、１周、２或３个月裸眼视力在０．５以上的眼数分别为１０２只眼（８１．０％）,１０８只眼（８５．７％）、１１２只眼（８８．９％）及１１２只眼（８８．９％）;术后３ｄ、１周、１个月、３个月平均散光     

60眼白内障超声乳化折叠式人工晶体植入术小结

本文报导了６０例６０眼白内障超声乳化术后经原３．２ｍｍ巩膜隧道小切口植入折叠式人工晶体。术后第一天有５４眼（９０％）的裸眼视力≥０．５，第一周６０眼（１００％）≥０．５，第一月２３眼（３８．３３％）≥１．０，第三月２７眼（４５％）≥１．０。手术致角膜散光第一周为１．２１±０．３８Ｄ，第一月为１．０２±０．１７Ｄ，第三月为０．８７±０．１２Ｄ。结果表明：白内障超声乳化折叠式人工晶体植入术的早期视力恢复快效果好，手术致角膜散光少及屈光状态稳定，并无严重并发症。作者还介绍了折叠式人工晶体的发展、材料和种类，讨论了折叠式人工晶体的植入方法及疗效。     

透明角膜切口的白内障超声乳化摘除及折叠式人工晶体植入术

目的评价通过透明角膜切口的白内障超声乳化摘除及折叠式人工晶体植入手术的疗效。方法采用上方３．２ｍｍ梯形透明角膜切口,对９０例（１００只眼）老年性、并发性、先天性和外伤性白内障行超声乳化摘除,并植入硅胶或ＨＥＭＡ折叠式人工晶体。结果术后１天裸眼或球镜矫正视力≥０．５者占９３．０％;术后１周,１个月和３个月视力≥１．０者分别占５６．０％,６５．１％和６７．５％。术后１周平均散光为０．９３±０．５８Ｄ,比术前增加０．２０Ｄ（Ｐ＜０．００１）。术后１个月和３个月平均散光分别为０．７８±０．６０Ｄ和０．７３±０．５９Ｄ,与术前无统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论提示透明角膜切口的超声乳化和折叠式人工晶体植入术具有早期恢复和稳定眼屈光状态和视力的优点。     

晶状体乳化术中国产与进口折叠式人工晶状体效果对比研究

目的 比较晶状体乳化术植入国产与进口折叠式人工晶状体的效果。方法 ７９例８７眼老年性白内障超声乳化小切口（巩膜隧道或角膜隧道切口）折叠式人工晶状体植入。术后随访半年,观察手术效果。结果 术后第１天８３眼裸眼视力视力≥０．５（９３．１％）,术后１周８７眼≥０．５（１００％）,６１眼≥１．０（７０％）。术后随访半年以上６９眼≥１．０（７９．３％）。结论 白内障小切口超声乳化折叠式ＩＯＬ植入术具有视力恢     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.