胃镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效及随访观察

目的 评价胃镜下用Rigiflex气囊扩张器治疗原发性贲门失弛缓症的近期及远期疗效.方法 经临床症状、食管钡餐、食管测压和胃镜检查确诊的125例贲门失弛缓症患者在胃镜下用直径为3.5 cm的Rigiflex气囊扩张器进行扩张,术后根据临床症状积分、食管体正常蠕动率（EPR）、下食管括约肌静息压（LESBP）、下食管括约肌松弛率（LESRR）、下食管括约肌松弛度（LESRD）、食管钡餐和胃镜进行术后1月、6月、1年、3年和5年的随访.结果 治疗后1月内所有患者临床症状积分、LESBP、食管钡餐和胃镜均显著改善（P＜0.01）,EPR、LESRR和LESRD均无显著改善（P＞0.05）,5年随访中有7例复发,有效率达92.14%.治疗中1例出现食管穿孔.结论 在胃镜下用直径3.5 cm的Rigiflex气囊扩张器治疗原发性贲门失弛缓症是非常有效的方法,疗效较持久.随访中间歇性出现的临床症状可能与失调的食管蠕动和LES的松弛有密切关系.     

内镜直视下气囊导管扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症

我们应用Microvasive生产的Rigiflex气囊导管扩张治疗器在内镜直视下扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症14例,取得了良好的疗效,现总结如下。1　对象与方法1.1　对象:贲门失弛缓症患者14例,男8例,女6例,年龄19～21(平均39.3)岁,病程4个月～8年,平均3.86年。按贲门失弛缓症诊断标准[1],本组均     

内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症81例

目的:探讨内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的方法与疗效.方法:内镜下气囊扩张术治疗81例贲门失弛缓症患者,观察其临床症状,复查胃镜及X线检查,以了解其疗效.结果:81例患者吞咽困难缓解率100%,无穿孔等严重并发症发生;复查胃镜及X线检查均较扩张前明显改善,随访0.5-5 a,无1例复发.结论:内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症因疗效确切、安全性高、费用低、痛苦小,是贲门失弛缓症较为理想的首选和主要治疗方法.     

经胃镜行气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症18例临床分析

目的探讨经胃镜行气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效。方法对18例贲门失弛缓症患者在胃镜直视下应用气囊扩张器行扩张术治疗,术后行胃镜或X线检查以评价疗效。结果 18例患者均获一次性扩张成功,扩张显效18例(100.0%),无效0例。无穿孔、大出血等并发症发生。结论经胃镜引导下行气囊扩张术是有效治疗贲门失弛缓症的非外科手术方法。     

经内镜气囊扩张治疗32例贲门失弛缓症的术后护理

目的探讨内镜下气囊扩张治疗失贲门弛缓症的术后护理进展。方法对32例贲门失弛缓症病人行术前、术中,特别是术后精心护理。结果 32例患者应用气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症1～3次后成功率100%,无术后护理并发症发生。结论内镜下气囊扩张治疗失弛缓症方法安全有效,为患者延长寿命,术后正确的饮食指导,休息及严密观察并发症是治疗获得成功的关键。     

球囊扩张联合内科药物治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的探讨球囊扩张联合内科药物治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效与价值。方法采用直径30mm球囊导管扩张治疗17例贲门失弛缓症患者，扩张后嘱患者餐前15min含化心痛定或消心痛。复查随访6～15个月。结果17例患者症状明显改善，1年后复发1例，2例出现反流性食道炎。结论球囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症安全有效，操作简便，辅助以药物治疗，有利于患者改善症状。     

内镜下短期放置食管支架与气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效与安全性比较

目的 比较内镜下短期放置特制可回收防反流支架与气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的近远期疗效及安全性,探讨贲门失弛缓症有效、安全的治疗方法.方法 129例贲门失弛缓症患者按治疗方式分为两组：气囊扩张组63例;特制可回收食管支架组66例.观察比较两组患者治疗前、治疗后1个月、6个月和1年的有效率、吞咽困难症状评分、食管宽度变化、并发症、住院时间及费用.结果 （1）两组患者治疗后随访期间吞咽困难症状较前均明显改善（P〈0.05）,气囊扩张组治疗1个月、6个月、1年后症状缓解有效率分别为100.0%,96.7%,91.5%,食管支架组治疗后同期有效率为100.0%,98.0%,97.1%.（2）治疗后1个月、6个月两组吞咽困难评分改善程度差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,治疗后1年食管支架组吞咽困难评分改善程度优于气囊扩张组（P〈0.05）.（3）治疗后两组患者食管最狭窄处均较前明显增宽、食管最宽处均较前明显缩小（P〈0.05）,且食管宽度变化相似,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.（4）气囊扩张组1例发生食管穿孔,4例发生消化道出血.食管支架组无穿孔、出血等严重并发症发生,1例发生肉芽组织增生,2例发生支架移位,1例患者发生支架脱落.（5）两组患者住院时间比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,食管支架组住院费用高于气囊扩张组（P〈0.05）.结论 与内镜下气囊扩张比较,特制可回收食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症的近期疗效与其相似,但远期疗效更优,且安全性高,是治疗贲门失弛缓的较理想选择.     

贲门失弛缓症气囊扩张前后食管测压指标的变化

贲门失弛缓症病因未明 ,多数人认为是迷走神经及其背核和食管壁肌间神经丛神经节细胞变性乃至消失 ,使得食管体部缺少蠕动和下食管括约肌 (LES)松弛不全。我院自1996年起对 35例贲门失弛缓症患者进行了气囊扩张 ,术前常规进行食管测压 ,其中 17例进行Rigiflex气囊扩张后测压复查及随访。现将其食管动力改变情况分析如下。一、资料和方法1 分组 :(1)病例组 :共 35例贲门失弛缓症患者 ,男 2 0例 ,女 15例 ,平均年龄 (38± 2 7)岁 ,所有患者经内镜和食管钡餐确诊为贲门失弛缓症。 (2 )对照组 :共 30例 ,男 13例 ,女 17例 ,平均年龄 (39± 14 …     

肌切开术和气囊扩张治疗食管贲门失弛缓症的前瞻性研究

目的　比较手术和气囊扩张治疗食管贲门失弛缓症的疗效。方法　对 ４８ 例患者（手术１８ 例,气囊扩张 ３０ 例）进行了一年以上的随访观察,通过对临床症状, Ｘ 线钡餐食管造影,胃镜检查和食管２４ 小时连续ｐ Ｈ 监测等进行比较分析。结果　手术和气囊扩张治疗食管贲门失弛缓症在以上几个方面差异均无显著性。结论　手术和气囊扩张均是治疗食管贲门失弛缓症安全有效的方法。而气囊扩张由于其方法简单,不必住院,费用较低等更适合我国国情。     

内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症20例疗效观察

将40例贲门失弛缓症患者随机分为扩张组及对照组各20例,扩张组行胃镜下气囊扩张术;对照组于胃镜下注射A型肉毒素.观察两组治疗后食管括约肌压力（LESP）和症状缓解情况.结果两组治疗后LESP均较治疗前显著降低（P＜0.01）,扩张组降低较对照组明显（P＜0.01）;两组临床症状均有缓解,扩张组显效率（80%）及总有效率（100%）均显著高于对照组（25%,85%）,P＜0.05.认为气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症疗效确切,但需严格选择适应证.     

Efficacy of rigiflex balloon dilatation in 12 children with achalasia: a 6-month prospective study showing weight gain and symptomatic improvement

Achalasia cardia is a disease of adolescents and is rare in children. In total, 12 children with primary achalasia, with a mean age of 10.8 +/- 2 years, were prospectively evaluated for the efficacy of a 30-mm-diameter Rigiflex balloon for relief of symptoms and weight gain after 1 and 6 months of follow up. The 12 children were evaluated and treated for achalasia, with pneumatic balloon dilatation, from January 1998 to December 2000. They were studied for basal, 1-, and 6-month post-dilatation composite symptoms for dysphagia, regurgitation, night cough and heartburn. Basal and 5-min post-dilatation barium swallow were obtained to compare barium height and width for efficacy of dilatation and to evaluate for complications. There were no complications. Barium height, width, composite symptom score and weight improved significantly up to the 6-month follow up. Rigiflex balloon dilatation of 30-mm diameter is safe and effective in children with achalasia.     

Sixteen years follow up of achalasia: A prospective study of graded dilatation using Rigiflex balloon

Pneumatic balloon dilatation is the treatment of choice for esophageal achalasia. Rigiflex (Microvasive, Watertown, MA) polyethylene balloon dilators have been used with varying success and complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of graded balloon dilatation, to achieve symptomatic improvement in patients with achalasia. From January 1987 until the end of December 2003, 300 patients were evaluated and treated for achalasia, with 30 mm balloons. Patients who did not achieve satisfactory symptomatic responses during follow up underwent repeat dilatation with 35-mm balloons. They were studied at the onset then at 1 and 6 month intervals and then yearly for postdilatation symptom evaluation for dysphagia, regurgitation, night cough and heartburn. Baseline and 5-min postdilatation barium swallow studies were obtained to compare barium height and width for efficacy of dilatation and to evaluate for complications. No patients developed cancer of the esophagus in 16 years follow up. Barium height, width, composite symptom score and weight improved significantly during follow up. Two patients, who needed repeat dilatation with 35-mm balloons, developed esophageal perforation; one was successfully managed with intensive medical care management, whereas the other patient died despite surgical intervention. The authors conclude that pneumatic balloon (Rigiflex) dilatation for achalasia of the esophagus is a successful first option, when applied in an incremental balloon size to achieve desired results in symptomatic relief.     

Graded Pneumatic Dilation using Rigiflex Achalasia Dilators in Patients with Primary Esophageal Achalasia

Pneumatic dilation is the initial therapy for primary esophageal achalasia. Recently, polyethylene balloon (Rigiflex) dilators have been used with varying success and complication rate. We performed a total of 47 dilations in 29 consecutive patients with achalasia using the Rigiflex dilators. The 3.0-cm balloon was always used first. If there was no symptomatic response, a 3.5-cm balloon was used after 4–8 wk. If there was still no symptomatic response after 4-8 wk, a 4.0-cm dilator was used. Eighteen (62%) patients were successfully dilated with a 3.0-cm balloon only. Of 11 patients not responding to a 3.0-cm balloon, five were dilated successfully with a 3.5-cm balloon. Of six patients not responding to a 3.5-cm balloon, four were successfully dilated with a 4.0-cm balloon dilator. Two patients eventually required surgery. The overall success with Rigiflex balloon dilator was achieved in 27 of 29 (93%) patients. There were no complications. We conclude that pneumatic dilation for esophageal achalasia performed in a graded fashion starting with Rigiflex 3.0-cm balloon dilator has a high success rate without complications in patients with achalasia.     

Pneumatic balloon dilation in achalasia: a prospective comparison of balloon distention time

Objective: Duration of Inflation in pneumatic balloon dilatation as treatment of achalasia has been variable ranging from 15 s to 6 min. A 60 s duration appears to be most often used. We compared the efficacy of dilation of achalasia with either 6- or 60-s inflation duration using a Rigiflex dilator of 3.0 cm diameter.
Methods: Eighty-one consecutive patients were prospectively studied in a randomized fashion, 41 in the 60-s group (A) and 40 patients in the 6-s group (B). Mean age of group A was 43 ± 16.2 yr and of group B was 40 ± 16.4 yr. Symptoms of dysphagia, chest pain, heartburn, regurgitation, and night cough were evaluated at basal (before dilation), 1- and 6-month intervals after dilation in both groups. Barium swallow was done to assess esophageal emptying 1 wk before dilation and 5 min postdilation in both groups.
Results: Significant and sustained improvement was seen for all symptoms in both groups. In addition, the degree of improvement in symptom scores between the two groups was similar. Barium esophagram in both groups at basal and immediately postdilation showed significant improvement in barium emptying but there was no significant difference between the two groups, indicative of equal efficacy in both distention times. Two patients needed repeat dilatation in group A and one in group B, with one drop out from group A, who was lost to follow-up, and was excluded from the analysis. No perforation occurred.
Conclusion: Short duration of pneumatic balloon dilatation (6-s) is as effective as longer duration (60-s) in treatment of achalasia.     

子宫颈扩张球囊与缩宫素应用于足月妊娠引产的疗效比较

目的：比较子宫颈扩张球囊与催产素应用于足月妊娠引产中的疗效与安全性。方法将住院分娩的60例足月妊娠孕妇随机分为球囊组30例和缩宫素组30例,观察两组治疗前后宫颈Bishop评分变化情况、给药后临产发动时间及分娩方式、分娩时间、产妇及围产儿一般情况。结果球囊组治疗前后宫颈成熟度Bishop评分比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;球囊组治疗开始至临产时间、临产至分娩时间均短于缩宫素组（P＜0.01）;球囊组顺产率高于缩宫素组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论子宫颈扩张球囊用于足月妊娠引产疗效安全、可靠。     

Massively dilated esophagus in achalasia: response to pneumatic balloon dilation

OBJECTIVE: Pneumatic balloon dilation is considered by many to be the treatment of choice for achalasia of the esophagus. Patients with untreated, long standing achalasia may develop massively dilated esophagi, sometimes difficult to dilate with a pneumatic balloon and, rarely, may require esophagectomy. We present our experience with nine such patients out of 110 who underwent pneumatic dilation. METHODS: Of 110 patients treated for achalasia by pneumatic balloon dilation, from January 1989 until December 1996, nine patients had massively dilated esophagi with transverse diameter >7 cm. Results of these patients are presented with pre- and postdilation symptom scores and barium esophagograms. This study was conducted at the Department of Gastroenterology, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan. A Microvasive Rigiflex 35 mm (Boston Scientific, Watertown, MA) pneumatic balloon was used for dilation. RESULTS: Although it is often tedious to perform pneumatic dilation in massively dilated esophagus, it was possible to dilate adequately, in all nine cases without complications, with good symptomatic improvement at 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend pneumatic balloon dilation in achalasia with massively dilated esophagus as a first line treatment, the failure of which requires surgical intervention.     

Factors determining successful outcome following pneumatic balloon dilation in achalasia cardia.

BACKGROUND: Pneumatic balloon dilation is a popular method of treating patients with achalasia cardia. It may be useful to know the factors that predict response to this treatment. AIM: To determine predictors of outcome following pneumatic balloon dilation in patients with achalasia cardia. METHODS: Records of 62 patients who had undergone pneumatic dilation using Rigiflex balloon dilators (Boston Scientific, Boston, MA, USA) were reviewed. Follow-up data were available for 52 patients. Data from patients with and without improvement in symptoms were compared. RESULTS: Of the 52 patients (age mean 44 [range 11-68] years; 27 male; median symptom duration 20 [4-90] months], 42 (81%) patients had response in symptoms after balloon dilatation. On univariate analysis, the responders more often had age> 40 years (26/42 [62%] versus 1/10 [10%], p=0.003), and less often had lower esophageal sphincter pressure> 50 mmHg (8/10 [80%] versus 10/42 [24%], p=0.0007) and mid-esophageal body hypocontraction (7/10 [70%] versus 12/24 [29%] p=0.01) than the non-responders. On multivariate analysis only age 相似文献   

不同给药途径注射硝普钠对急性冠脉综合症患者经皮冠状动脉介入术中无复流的疗效

目的比较冠状动脉内经导引导管和经微导管注射硝普钠对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)时无复流现象(NR)的疗效。方法选择四川省巴中市中心医院心内科2009年1月~2013年9月在实施PCI时出现靶血管NR的ACS患者55例,男性32例,女性23例。根据注射硝普钠的方式分为微导管组(n=31)和导引导管组(n=24),两组分别在NR时冠状动脉内注射硝普钠50μg/次,每2~5min重复直至NR消失。比较两组治疗前后TIMI血流分级、TIMI血流帧数(TFC)、不良反应和死亡的发生率。结果微导管组和导引导管组分别有29例(93.5%)和19例(79.2%)的患者TIMI血流分级改善,差异无统计学意义(P=0.22)。治疗后,微导管组TFC由(57.7±8.2)帧减少至(10.3±5.9)帧,导引导管组由(56.8±9.2)帧减少至(15.2±6.3)帧。两组治疗前后比较差异均有显著统计学意义(P均0.01),且治疗后微导管组TFC明显低于导引导管组(P0.05)。治疗后微导管组ITFC明显高于导引导管组[(0.82±0.11)vs.(0.73±0.11),P=0.004]。术后微导管组和导引导管组各有2例(6.5%)和5例(20.8%)住院期间死亡,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。微导管组和导引导管组各有3例(9.7%)和5例(20.8%)发生一过性低血压,两组低血压发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经微导管注射硝普钠至靶血管远端治疗ACS患者PCI中NR疗效优于经导引导管。     

The efficacy of balloon dilation in achalasia is the result of stretching of the lower esophageal sphincter,not muscular disruption

Pneumatic dilation (PD) of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in achalasia is a major palliative treatment. It is generally believed, although never substantiated, that therapeutic efficacy of ballooning in achalasia is the result of the disruption and tearing of the muscular layers of the LES. To clarify this issue, we investigated the frequency of muscular disruption at the LES, 24 hours after PD, by employing the endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), in a group of 43 consented patients with achalasia. Between July 2009 and March2012, 51 consecutive adult patients with tentative diagnosis of achalasia, some with recurrence of symptoms after an earlier treatment with balloon dilation, were evaluated and underwent PD, using Rigiflex balloon without major adverse effect. Out of the 51 evaluated, 43 eligible and consenting patients who underwent EUS, 24 hours after PD, using Olympus GF‐UE 160 echoendoscope and an Aloka Prosound probe at 7.5 MHZ, are the subjects of this study. The EUS in 43 eligible patients revealed an intact LES in 36 (83.7%), small area of muscular disruption in 5 (11.6%) and small hematoma in 2 patients (4.6%). Our data convincingly demonstrate that the clinical effectiveness of balloon dilation in achalasia is not the result of muscular disruption, but of circumferential stretching of the LES. Our findings on the mechanism of action of PD in achalasia could result in modifying the current method of dilation for a safer procedure, by slowing the rate of inflation and allowing the sphincter to slowly stretch itself to the distending balloon.