成都市儿童龋病患病趋势的改变(1982～1998)

目的 :通过对成都市儿童龋病调查 ,了解龋病患病情况、发展趋势及特点 ,探讨可能的原因及相应的预防措施。方法 :调查对象为成都市 3岁、5岁、12岁儿童 ,采用WHO口腔健康调查方法于 1982～ 1998年期间定期抽样检查。结果 :1982～ 1990年 3岁和 5岁儿童龋患呈上升趋势 ,dmft上升、无龋率下降。 90年代该两年龄组龋均上升趋势已不存在 ,1998年 3岁乳牙均 1 45 ,5岁 4 17,较 1982年低 ;无龋率分别为 6 0 8%、2 8 2 6 % ;12岁年龄组恒牙无龋率 1982 ,1998分别为 6 8 6 6 %和70 13% ,DMFT为 0 7、0 6 ,仍处于低水平。尽管无龋儿童增加 ,但少部分儿童龋患严重。结论 :成都儿童龋患 80年代呈上升趋势 ,1990年后保持平稳并呈下降趋势 ,但大多数龋集中在少部分儿童 ,充填率仍然很低。应加强对龋易感儿童的诊断、预防和早期治疗。     

6岁儿童乳牙龋病调查分析

６岁儿童乳牙龋病调查分析湖北医科大学口腔医学院（４３００７０）郭颖台保军周明黄薇在流行病学方面仅局限于横断面研究（现况），连续多年的纵向比较较少，１９８８年１０月至１９９４年１０月间作者对６岁１７７５名儿童乳牙龋病发病情况进行了调查，现报道如下。材料...     

大连开发区7～9岁儿童龋病患病状况及相关因素分析

目的:了解大连开发区7～9岁儿童龋病患病状况及影响因素。方法:采用多阶段、整群随机抽样方法,抽取3所小学全部7～9岁学生进行口腔健康检查和问卷调查。口腔健康检查参照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的方法和标准,问卷内容包括口腔健康知、信、行和社会经济因素。结果:样本量1160人。乳牙龋病患病率84.9%,龋均4.44,不同年龄组患龋率间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。恒牙龋患病率19.7%,龋均0.33。多元线性回归分析结果显示儿童生活地(P<0.05)、家庭月收入(P<0.05)、父亲学历(P<0.05)与龋病患病程度相关。结论:大连开发区学龄儿童龋病患病状况较严重,龋病患病程度与社会经济因素相关。     

武汉市1497名3—6岁儿童龋病调查与分析

武汉市１４９７名３－６岁儿童龋病调查与分析湖北医科大学口腔医学院口腔预防科（４３００７１）黄薇台保军江汉郭颖杜民权袁冰垠许仙枝本文对武汉市１４９７名３－６岁儿童进行了龋病流行病学的调查分析，现将结果报道如下：材料与方法调查对象：随机选择武汉市四所幼儿...     

广东省5岁儿童乳牙龋病抽样调查报告

为了解我省儿童口腔健康状况,我们于１９９５年参与第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查,组织了广东省口腔健康流行病学调查。现将我省城乡５岁儿童乳牙龋病抽样调查结果报告如下。对象与方法１．对象：调查对象为集体常住的５岁儿童。受检者来源为幼儿园儿童及散居人口。２...     

广东省龋病流行情况分析

广东省龋病流行情况分析广东省牙病防治指导组办公室（５１０２６０）欧尧，张颂农，黄少宏作者于１９９０年曾对广东省牙病流行情况进行了抽样调查［１］，本文结合那一次较大范围的调查和近年办公室所收集的一些调查资料，就广东省的龋病流行情况作一分析，为深入开展龋...     

儿童龋病与吃糖行为的关系

目的 评价儿童进食各种含糖食品行为和龋病的关系。方法 检查河北省宜昌市1356名6岁儿童患龋情况，并通过母亲问卷调查儿童进食含糖食品行为，运用Logistic回归模型评价其关系。结果 甜早点、蛋糕、饼干与儿童患龋情况关系密切，餐间吃糖＋正餐吃糖的危险度明显高于餐间吃糖或正餐吃糖。结论 饮食结构、吃糖频率与儿童制龋病有明显关系。     

14岁以下儿童乳牙龋病调查

目的了解上海市三个区１４岁以下儿童乳牙龋患情况。方法龋病检查标准按照全国第二次口腔流行病学调查方案进行。结果儿童乳牙龋患病率、龋均随儿童年龄增大而升高,７岁组达到８３．３３％和３．７８,以后又随乳恒牙替换而逐渐下降,男女儿童患龋率基本一致,下颌乳牙患龋率高于上颌,下颌Ⅴ、Ⅳ的发病率最高,下颌Ⅰ、Ⅱ的发病率最低。乳牙龋患病率,龋均较以前有所下降,但乳牙龋充填率同时也有所下降。结论儿童口腔 健知识得到     

北京市海淀区13所幼儿园3岁儿童龋病患病趋势调查

目的了解北京市海淀区3岁儿童2012～2015年间乳牙龋病的患病趋势,为海淀区低龄儿童龋病防治工作提供依据。方法 2012～2015年间对北京市海淀区13所幼儿园3岁儿童,连续4年进行口腔健康状况调查,采用WHO推荐的检查方法和龋病诊断标准,调查海淀区3岁儿童乳牙龋病的患病趋势。口腔检查由2年以上工作经验的儿童口腔医生进行,所有的检查者都经过培训和校准。结果 4年来13所幼儿园3岁儿童的患龋率为46.26%～51.62%,逐年上升(P<0.05),平均48.78%。龋均(dft)2.06～2.57,龋面均(dfs)2.63～3.37,重度低龄儿童龋(SECC)患病率为22.09%～29.54%,龋均、龋面均和SECC患病率从2012年到2014年呈上升的趋势,2015年略有下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。患龋儿童接受治疗的百分比为79.14%～41.46%,龋补充填比(ft/dft)为65.09%～31.45%,二者从2012年到2014年呈下降的趋势,2015年明显有回升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论近年来3岁儿童患龋率逐年上升,低龄化趋势明显,患龋严重程度呈上升趋势。     

揭阳市区及近郊1051名学龄前儿童龋病调查报告

揭阳市区及近郊属低氟地区,饮用水含氟量为O.2PPM左右,为了解学龄前儿童龋病流行情况,我们于1994年对揭阳市区及近郊幼儿园的1501名学龄前儿童进行了龋病流行病学调查,现报告如下:     

Dental Fluorosis and Caries Prevalence in Children Residing in Communities with Different Levels of Fluoride in the Water

Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence of dental fluorosis and caries in 7–14-year-old children residing in communities with negligible (NF: 0.2 ppm), optimal (OPF: 1.0 ppm), and four-times optimal (4X OPF: 4.0 ppm) naturally occurring fluoride in their water systems. Methods : Examinations were performed on 344 children who were lifetime residents of their communities. Results : Whether using the tooth surface index of fluorosis or Dean's index, children examined in the 4X OPF community had the highest prevalence of dental fluorosis. While the severity of fluorosis seen in the OPF and NF communities was mild in appearance, the results indicate that fluorosis does occur in optimally and negligibly fluoridated communities. Compared to the NF community, DMFT and DMFS scores in the OPF community were 9.2 percent and 21.2 percent lower, respectively. Conclusions : The ingestion of water containing 1 ppm or less fluoride during the time of tooth development may result in dental fluorosis, albeit in its milder forms. However, in these times of numerous products containing fluoride being available, children ingesting water containing 1 ppm fluoride continue to derive caries protection compared to children ingesting water with negligible amounts of fluoride. Thus, the potential for developing a relatively minor unesthetic condition must be weighed against the potential for reducing dental disease.     

Dental Caries Prevalence and Treatment among Navajo Preschool Children

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the dental health of Navajo preschool children, a population about whom little dental information is published. Methods : Caries data were collected and analyzed for 2,003 Navajo children aged 3–5 years in the Head Start program, and for a convenience sample of 115 children younger than three years old from the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program. Results : Each age group had an extremely high mean dmfs; however, as much as 70 percent of this index comprised treated surfaces. Maxillary anterior caries was observed in the WIC children under two years of age and posterior proximal caries was observed as early as two years of age. The prevalence of maxillary anterior caries reached a maximum of 68 percent in the three-year-old Head Start children, and may be associated with the high level of posterior caries in this population. Conclusions : Most children in this population may be considered at risk for developing caries. This Navajo preschool population has perhaps the earliest caries onset, among the highest caries prevalence, and among the highest level of treatment of any reported population.     

四川省青少年儿童恒牙龋病抽样调查报告

目的:为了解四川省青少年人群口腔健康状况,制定龋病防治规划提供参考依据。方法:根据WHO《口腔健康调查方法》,参照“全国第二次口腔流行病学调查方法”,在四川省三市、三县,随机抽样共选取36 个调查点,3 个年龄组各调查2132 人,男女比为1∶1 ,共调查6396 人。结果:四川省青少年儿童随年龄增加龋患率增加,女性患龋率较男性高( P < 0105) 。12、15、18 岁组青少年儿童龋病患病率分别为28147 %、36140 %、39154 %;DMFT 分别为0152、0181、0199。龋患牙充填率低,需治龋牙60 %以上是单面洞。结论:四川省青少年儿童龋病患病率相对较低,但龋病仍广泛存在;龋充填率低,主要是单面洞需要治疗。     

The University of North Carolina Caries Risk Assessment Study. II. Baseline Caries Prevalence

Baseline clinical dental examinations were conducted on 5,233 children in grades 1 or 5 from the areas surrounding Aiken, SC, and Portland, ME, as part of a longitudinal study being conducted to predict children at high risk to dental caries. Mean caries levels in the Aiken area were nearly twice those of the Portland area. Black children experienced slightly more disease than whites. In addition to lower levels of caries experience, Portland children also had more treatment needs met, as indicated by higher filled ratio scores.     

The Prevalence and Patterns of Dental Caries in Labrador Inuit Youth

Objectives: This study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of dental caries in Inuit (Eskimo) youth aged 5–22 years. Methods : Both tooth-oriented indices and child-oriented caries patterns were recorded in a field study conducted in 1991 in Nain and Hopedale, Northern Labrador. Seventy-eight percent (N=347) of all schoolchildren in these two locations were examined by a single examiner. Results : Three percent of the population were caries free and 88 percent of those with caries experience had untreated dental decay. The mean combined dmft and DMFT per child for all ages was 6.85, while the mean combined dmfs and DMFS was 15.72. About 38 percent of subjects had pit and fissure caries; 2 percent had hypoplastic lesions; 4 percent had faciolingual caries; 31 percent had molar-approximal caries and 22 percent had faciolingual and molar-approximal caries, the most destructive caries pattern. About 68 percent of the 5–6-year-olds and 26 percent of the 15–22-year-olds experienced the most destructive pattern of decay in their primary and permanent dentitions, respectively. Conclusions : Preventive measures should start well before the age of 5 years. Describing caries patterns according to the dentition type complemented the traditional indices.     

Dental Caries and Dental Fluorosis at Varying Water Fluoride Concentrations

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between caries experience and dental fluorosis at different fluoride concentrations in drinking water. The impact of other fluoride products also was assessed. Methods : This study used data from the 1986–87 National Survey of US Schoolchildren. Fluoride levels of school water were used as an indicator of the children's water fluoride exposure. The use of fluoride drops, tablets, professional fluoride treatments, and school fluoride rinses were ascertained from caregiver questionnaires. Only children with a single continuous residence ( n =18,755) were included in this analysis. Results : The sharpest declines in dfs and DMFS were associated with increases in water fluoride levels between 0 and 0.7 ppm F, with little additional decline between 0.7 and 1.2 ppm F. Fluorosis prevalence was 13.5 percent, 21.7 percent, 29.9 percent, and 41.4 percent for children who consumed <0.3, 0.3 to <0.7, 0.7 to 1.2, and >1.2 ppm F water. In addition to fluoridated water, the use of fluoride supplements was associated with both lower caries and increased fluorosis. Conclusion : A suitable trade-off between caries and fluorosis appears to occur around 0.7 ppm F. Data from this study suggest that a reconsideration of the policies concerning the most appropriate concentrations for water fluoridation might be appropriate for the United States.     

Dental Caries in African Preschool Children: Social Factors as Disease Markers

Objective : This study investigated the associations between dental caries prevalence and severity and social factors in 3- to 5-year-old African children. Methods : Dental caries was diagnosed in natural light using WHO criteria, mirrors, and explorers. Socioeconomic information was obtained by questionnaire. Results : The percentages of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds with any caries experience were 47 percent, 58 percent, and 63 percent, respectively. Mean dmfs scores ( sd ) were 2.2(3.6), 3.0(3.8), and 3.7(4.1), respectively. Family education was associated with caries prevalence (P=.03) and severity (P=.008) in a multivariable regression model. Conclusion : In the indigenous African group studied, family education is a disease marker to target in future caries risk evaluations.     

Caries prevalence of 35-year-old Oslo citizens in 1973 and 1984

DMF teeth and surfaces were recorded in a random sample of 35-yr-old Oslo citizens (born 1949). The index values were related to selected independent variables: sex, years at school, oral hygiene status (OHI-S), periodontal conditions (PI), use of interdental cleaning devices and dental visiting habits. Data from the present investigation were analysed together with data from a similar study on 35-yr-olds in 1973 in order to detect possible changes over time. The mean DMFS-score in the present investigation was 85, indicating a high caries experience, mainly due to a high F-component. A statistically significant increase in the number of decayed surfaces was demonstrated concomitant with an increase in PI- and OHI-S scores. There were more carious surfaces among irregular dental visitors than among the regular visitors. No statistically significant differences in DMF-scores from 1973 to 1984 were detected, but there was a statistically significant reduction in the prevalence of untreated caries during this period. Furthermore, an increase in the number of filled surfaces from 1973 to 1984 and a reduction in the number of missing surfaces were registered. This may indicate a tendency towards restoring instead of extracting carious teeth during the last decade.     

Caries Prevalence in Head Start Children, 1986–87

Since the early 1970s, caries prevalence among school-aged children in the United States has declined. It appears that a small percentage of the children experience most of the caries increment. In addition, a large proportion of children in the US who need dental care receive it. An important factor in the amount of treatment received by children is the socioeconomic status of the family. Data on caries prevalence among preschool populations are limited. The Head Start program serves low-income families in the US and offers a unique opportunity to look at individuals who may be at greater risk of health problems and may experience less access to health services. A survey of 1,796 three- to five-year old Head Start children from low-income families was conducted in 1986-87. Caries prevalence, baby bottle tooth decay prevalence and relative need for dental care are reported for fluoridated and non fluoridated communities in California, Hawaii, and Micronesia. The data reveal scores that are higher in the sample population than in five-year-olds in national surveys and among Head Start children in previous surveys.     

The Association of Early Dental Caries Patterns with Caries Incidence in Preschool Children

Objectives : This study assessed the development of caries in preschool children over two years according to baseline caries pattern. Methods : Connecticut Head Start children (n=142, mean age=3.8 years) were examined for dental caries at baseline (spring 1991) and once annually for two years. Children were categorized at baseline as caries-free, having pit and fissure (PF) caries, or having maxillary anterior (MA) caries. Results : After two years, children who presented at baseline with MA or PF caries had a mean posterior dmfs of greater than seven and four times, respectively, that of children who were caries-free at baseline. When dental caries of the primary dentition was categorized by specific posterior patterns (i.e., posterior proximal [PPJ] and buccal/lingual [BL]), change in dmfs for the PP and BL patterns in the group that presented with pit/fissure caries at baseline were nearly four and three times greater, respectively, than for those in the caries-free group. The group that presented with maxillary anterior caries at baseline had PP and BL caries increments eight times those of children who began caries-free. Conclusion : Dental caries presentation in 3- to 4-year-old children can identify those children and tooth surfaces that will be at the greatest risk for future caries development.