普瑞博思对功能性消化不良胃排空功能的作用

我院应用普瑞博思混悬液治疗功能性消化不良 ,并测定胃排空功能 ,现总结如下。材料与方法一、病例选择　功能性消化不良 (ＦＤ) 37例。上腹饱、饮食差、胃区疼痛、嗳气、反酸等消化不良症状持续 8周以上 ,内窥镜排除胃和十二指肠溃疡、糜烂 ,实验室、Ｂ超及Ｘ线检查排除肝、胆、胰病变。 2 1例有胃液排空延迟为Ａ组 ,男 11例、女 10例 ,平均年龄为 9ａ 7个月 ;无胃液排空延迟 16例为Ｂ组 ,其中男 5例 ,女 11例 ,平均年龄为 7ａ 4个月。两组均口服普瑞博思 (西安杨森制药公司生产 ,批号 981113799)混悬液 0 .2ｍｇ/ (ｋｇ·次 ) ,3次 /ｄ ,疗…     

头孢布烯治疗细菌性痢疾临床分析

我科门、急诊在1999年5～10月肠道传染病流行期间，治疗细菌性痢疾393例，资料完整者208例，报告如下。临床资料一、病例选择 凡上述期间就诊，大便常规WBC≥15/HP，可见红细胞，或大便培养阳性为痢疾诊断标准（卫生局颁布的诊断标准），随机分为治疗组103例和对照组105例，两组在性别、年龄、病程、临床表现、就诊前用药史等方面无统计学差异，具有可比性。二、治疗方法 治疗组口服头孢布烯（商品名先力腾）（Schering-Plough公司生产，批号IC7FYEA38）9 mg/(kg·d)，每日1次，对照组口服庆大霉素干糖浆（四川菊乐制药公司生产，批号…     

重症肌无力危象并呼吸衰竭1例

患儿,女,2岁4个月,因双眼睑下垂3个月、四肢乏力1个月、吞咽困难2 h入院。查体:精神差,呼吸浅促,眼球运动欠佳,双肺闻及较多痰鸣音,四肢无力。2个月前患儿在本院门诊确诊为重症肌无力,12 d前家长自行快速减停药物。诊断为肌无力危象。予吸痰、吸氧,溴吡斯的明片(上海三维公司生产,生产批号:19990108)2 mg/kg,每6 h口服一次,静滴甲泼尼龙针剂(法玛西亚普强公司生产,生产批号:MH1209)25 mg/(kg·d),免疫球蛋白针剂(成都蓉生公司生产,生产批号:19990201)足量治疗[1 g/(kg·d)]。入院24 h患儿口唇发绀,血氧饱和度为80%,胸片提示急性呼吸窘迫综…     

3085例儿童过敏性疾病吸入性过敏原皮肤点刺试验及临床意义

目的：探讨西安及其周边地区儿童过敏性疾病吸入性过敏原状况及分布,为该地区儿童过敏性疾病的防治提供理论依据。方法：采用丹麦ALK-ABELL公司提供的13种标准化变应原皮肤点刺液,对2006年7月至2011年7月因各种过敏性疾病等原因就诊的来自西安及其周边地区的3085例儿童进行吸入性过敏原皮肤点刺试验（skin prick test, SPT）。结果：3085例患儿中,吸入性SPT阳性1368例,阳性率为44-34%。过敏原阳性率较高的前5位依次为屋尘螨804例（26.06%）、粉尘螨793例（25.71%）、热带螨440例（14.26%）、艾蒿282例（9.14%）、猫毛204例（6.61%）。<4岁组、4岁～组、7～15岁组SPT阳性率依次为28.66%、41.85%、58.61%,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,表现为随年龄增长SPT阳性率增加。男性SPT阳性率较女性高（47.78% vs 38.50%,P<0.05）。在各种不同的过敏性疾病中,以过敏性鼻炎患儿的SPT阳性率最高,达72.41%,其次依次为支气管哮喘（62-25%）、变态反应性皮肤病（45-83%）、过敏性紫癜（36.28%）。结论：西安及其周边地区儿童过敏性疾病吸入性过敏原以屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带螨、艾蒿、猫毛等为主;SPT阳性率随年龄增长而增加;男性儿童SPT阳性率较女性高;在常见过敏性疾病中,以过敏性鼻炎患儿SPT阳性率最高。     

以痴笑样癫痫为主要表现的脑肿瘤4例

例1，女，3岁，生后6个月时发现双乳房开始发育，智力较同龄儿差，2岁时出现痴笑样发作，2、3次／d，持续30～40s欣。行脑电图检查未见病理波。口服卡马西平片（上海三维制药有限公司生产，生产批号：20050407），早100mg，晚50mg，2次／d。0．5年后仍有痴笑样发作，查卡马西平血药质量浓度8mg／L。改服丙戊酸钠片（湖南湘中制药有限公司生产，生产批号：050928），早、晚各200mg，中午100mg，3次／d。2个月后仍有痴笑样发作，查丙戊酸钠血药质量浓度89mg／L，加用托吡酯至7mg／kg，仍未控制。行头颅CT检查示：鞍后上等密度位病变。MRI示脚间池有一等信号肿物，直径约2．5cm，注药无强化，建议手术治疗，家长拒绝，失访。     

速力菲治疗缺铁性贫血红细胞多项参数的变化

为了解红细胞参数：Ｈｂ、平均红细胞容积（ＭＣＶ）、红细胞容积分布宽度（ＲＤＷ）在速力菲治疗缺铁性贫血（ＩＤＡ）的动态变化，前瞻性观察３６例病儿，现报告如下。对象和方法一、对象　ＩＤＡ病儿３６例，男２３例，女１３例，年龄４ｍｏ～６ａ，均符合小儿ＩＤＡ诊断标准［１］。Ｈｂ６８～８０ｇ／Ｌ４例，～９０ｇ／Ｌ８例，～１００ｇ／Ｌ２４例。Ｈｂ、ＭＣＶ、ＲＤＷ正常参考值为Ｈｂ１１０ｇ／Ｌ、ＭＣＶ８２ｆｌ、ＲＤＷ１４．６％。二、治疗方法　速力菲薄膜衣片为南京第三制药厂生产，生产批号：苏卫药准字（１９９４）第３…     

肌注右旋糖酐铁致过敏性休克一例

肌注右旋糖酐铁致过敏性休克一例周玲患儿女，５岁。因患缺铁性贫血拒绝口服药物而给予肌注右旋糖酐铁，每日１次，每次肌注２ｍｌ（浙江瑞安制药厂生产，批号９２０６０９），注射后在回家的路上（约５分钟），发现患儿面色苍白，呕吐，呼吸急促、出汗、立即返回门诊。体...     

α-细辛脑注射液致过敏性休克1例

患儿，男，4岁，因发热、咳嗽3d就诊。体检：咽充血，双肺呼吸音粗，双肺均可闻及干啰音。心、腹、四肢无异常。诊断为急性支气管炎。予α-细辛脑注射液（北京双鹤药业股份有限公司，生产批号：国药准字H11022032）8mg溶于50g／L葡萄糖注射液100mL静脉滴注。约10min后患儿自述颜面及手足搔痒、心悸、喉部不适、鼻阻，继之颜面、眼睑及唇肿胀。考虑α-细辛脑过敏，     

左旋咪唑防治反复呼吸道感染50例

反复呼吸道感染（ＲＲＴＩ）与小儿免疫功能不全有关。我们用左旋咪唑防治ＲＲＴＩ取得了一定的疗效。现报告如下。资料与方法一、对象：１９９７年１０月～１９９８年１０月我院就诊的反复呼吸道感染儿５０例，符合１９８７年全国反复呼吸道感染诊断标准。治疗用左旋咪唑３ｍｇ／ｋｇ，１次／ｄ口服，连服２ｄ，间隔５ｄ，每疗程１ｍｏ（药品由南京第二制药厂生产，批号为１９９６０４１６）。二、观察方法　观察Ｔ总细胞（ＣＤ３）、Ｔ辅助细胞（ＣＤ４）和Ｔ抑制细胞（ＣＤ８）治疗前后变化。结　　果治疗前后Ｔ细胞亚群变化　见表１。讨…     

特尔立治疗儿童急性白血病化疗时白细胞减少

我院自1997年10月至1998年3月应用特尔立（rHuGM－CSF）治疗儿童急性白血病化疗所致的白细胞减少，取得良好疗效。材料和方法一、对象：住院患者共30例，其中急性淋巴细胞白血病28例，急性非淋巴细胞白血病2例。男14例，女16例。随机分两组，治疗组15例，用特尔立（厦门特宝生物工程有限公司研制生产，批号：9701）20例次，其年龄均值为9．回士2．ga。对照组15例，用惠尔血20例次，其年龄均值为8．9士3．3a，两组年龄、性别、病种均无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。二、方法：两组化疗方案基本相同，如PVDL、CAT、COAP、VM。。＋Ara－C…     

Pubertal growth and development and prenatal and lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene

OBJECTIVES: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) are ubiquitous toxic environmental contaminants. Prenatal and early life exposures affect pubertal events in experimental animals. We studied whether prenatal or lactational exposures to background levels of PCBs or DDE were associated with altered pubertal growth and development in humans.Study design: Follow-up of 594 children from an existing North Carolina cohort whose prenatal and lactational exposures had previously been measured. Height, weight, and stage of pubertal development were assessed through annual mail questionnaires. RESULTS: Height of boys at puberty increased with transplacental exposure to DDE, as did weight adjusted for height; adjusted means for those with the highest exposures (maternal concentration 4+ ppm fat) were 6.3 cm taller and 6.9 kg larger than those with the lowest (0 to 1 ppm). There was no effect on the ages at which pubertal stages were attained. Lactational exposures to DDE had no apparent effects; neither did transplacental or lactational exposure to PCBs. Girls with the highest transplacental PCB exposures were heavier for their heights than other girls by 5.4 kg, but differences were significant only if the analysis was restricted to white girls. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposures at background levels may affect body size at puberty.     

Prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents

Increasing numbers of obese children and adolescents all over the world demand an investment in the primary and secondary prevention of obesity and overweight in this age group. The goal of preventive measures in children is to avoid the negative short- and long-term health problems associated with obesity. Primary prevention aims at establishing a healthy, active lifestyle and keeping children and adolescents within a range of body weight which is considered to be healthy. Constant availability and affordability of palatable and energy-dense food in the affluent society of the western world demands preventive strategies. Universal or public health prevention seems to be the most suitable form because several other cofactors of morbidity and mortality of affluent societies can also be prevented. However, in most European countries there is a lack of awareness of the necessity of prevention programmes, not only among the general population but also among the medical society. More awareness and consciousness to the problem of obesity must be generated in order to lead to effective therapeutic programmes. For those children and adolescents who are already obese, secondary prevention is mandatory. Therapeutic intervention programmes for the obese aim at long-term weight maintenance and normalisation of body weight and body fat. They have to modify eating and exercise behaviour of the obese child and establish new, healthier behaviour and lifestyle. Treatments programmes must include behavioural components in order to permanently change nutrition and physical exercise of the obese children and adolescents. However, long-term results of treatment programmes in European countries are scarce and the reported results, even of multidisciplinary regimens, are not impressive. Conclusion In most European countries there is an urgent need not only for a growing awareness of the problem of obesity in children and adolescents but also for development of new comprehensive approaches in treating this group.     

Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia in Infants and Children: Pathophysiology and Treatment

Potassium is the second most abundant cation in the body. About 98% of potassium is intracellular and that is particularly in the skeletal muscle. Electrical disturbances associated with disorders of potassium homeostasis are a function of both the extracellular and intracellular potassium concentrations. Clinical disorders of potassium homeostasis occur with some regularity, especially in hospitalized patients receiving many medications. This article will review the pathophysiology of potassium homeostasis, symptoms, causes, and treatment of hypo- and hyperkalemia.