城市污泥处理现状与强化脱水的水热减量化技术

分析了我国污泥处理处置的现状、工艺特征与技术瓶颈,阐述了改善污泥脱水对污泥处理的重要意义与可选技术,介绍了污泥水热处理强化污泥脱水的原理、技术发展水平及典型工艺特征。结合工程案例,分析了我国城市污泥水热处理技术的应用前景与发展方向。     

酸化污泥中重金属在电动力作用下的去除率研究

分析了长沙市某污水处理厂污泥中重金属分布.对污泥样品用HNO3进行酸化处理,酸化后pH值为3.2、1.9.分析了酸化处理后Cd、Zn、Cu在污泥中的形态分布.重点研究了酸化污泥中的Cd、Zn、Cu在电动力作用下的去除率.酸化污泥在电动力的作用下,经过5 d后,Cd、Zn的去除率明显提高,Cu的去除率提高相对较少.针对我国污泥中Zn含量较高的特点,提出在污泥厌氧消化处理时,同时用电动力处理污泥中的重金属,可大大提高重金属的去除率.     

城市污水厂污泥处理处置现状分析及处理系统设计

分析了我国城市污水厂污泥产生量、危害及处理技术,并对污泥处理系统进行设计。     

污泥干化焚烧技术的应用

分析了目前市政污泥处置现状及处理方法,以温州某污泥干化焚烧项目为例,介绍了污泥干化焚烧技术在污泥处置中的应用。     

通沟污泥淘洗预处理及工艺参数优化研究

介绍了国内外通沟污泥主要处理技术及其在我国推广应用的局限性,根据我国通沟污泥的特点,结合上海市长宁区通沟污泥处理工程运行控制参数,阐明了通沟污泥淘洗预处理工艺原理、工艺流程以及工艺参数优化等,并探讨了通沟污泥淘洗预处理工艺在我国的应用前景.     

污泥深度脱水工艺在池州市清溪污水处理厂中的应用

通过对污泥处理现行政策的分析,确定了适合于当前池州清溪污水处理厂污泥过渡性处理方案的深度脱水工艺,对池州清溪污水处理厂污泥深度脱水方案工艺流程进行阐述,确定了主要设备参数,并作了经济分析。     

我国污泥处理处置现状及发展趋势分析

分析了目前我国污泥浓缩/脱水、污泥消化稳定技术、污泥卫生填埋、污泥土地利用、污泥建材利用、污泥焚烧技术现状以及其发展中存在的问题,并提出污泥处理处置的对策建议。     

成都市市政污水污泥处理现状及可持续发展对策

分析了成都市市政污水污泥的来源、产生量、特征、处理工艺及存在问题,在全面阐述国外主要发达国家及国内主要城市市政污水污泥处理的基础上,提出了成都市市政污水污泥处理的可持续发展对策。     

城市污水处理厂污泥处理现状及发展分析

污水处理产生的污泥中含有不同的有机和无机污染物，其处置以减量化、稳定化和无害化为目的，经浓缩和脱水后，视不同情况采用焚烧、填埋和资源化等处理技术。本文分析了我国城市污泥处理现状及存在问题，并借鉴国外污水处理厂污泥处理的发展及新技术，提出我国污水处理厂污泥处理的发展方向。     

城市混合污泥发酵处理对草履虫的综合毒性研究

以尾草履虫作为试验动物，对城市污水处理厂的原污泥和消化污泥的混合污泥在好氧发酵处理过程的综合毒性变化进行了研究。结果表明：发酵处理的的城市混合污泥的毒性比发酵处理前降低了４０余倍。     

Treatment Alliance in Residential Treatment of Criminal Adolescents

Research on relationship aspects in residential treatment of criminal young persons has largely been neglected despite the general finding in treatment research that such aspects have a large bearing on outcome. In this article, two studies of associations between relationship aspects and outcome in this treatment context are presented. In one of them, two treatment units practicing Aggression Replacement Training and CBT-techniques and 2 U with more conventional, relationally oriented treatment approaches were studied using process questionnaires and interviews. In the other study, adolescents who had been sentenced to treatment were interviewed about treatment experiences 1 year after release. Despite considerable attrition, several interesting findings were noted: The boys’ alliance ratings were associated with the collaborative aspect of the staff’s alliance ratings, but not with the bond aspect; warm and close staff feelings were related to negative outcome and the boys’ conceptions of the treatment model but not of the relationship with the staff was associated with positive outcome. The results suggest that a distinction should be made between a mutual bond aspect of the staff−boy relationship that was not related to outcome and a collaborative aspect which was related to outcome.     

HIV Treatment in Resource-Limited Environments: Treatment Coverage and Insights

BackgroundThe effects of antiretroviral treatment on the HIV epidemic are complex. HIV-infected individuals survive longer with treatment, but are less likely to transmit the disease. The standard coverage measure improves with the deaths of untreated individuals and does not consider the fact that some individuals may acquire the disease and die before receiving treatment, making it susceptible to overestimating the long-run performance of antiretroviral treatment programs.ObjectiveThe objective was to propose an alternative coverage definition to better measure the long-run performance of HIV treatment programs.MethodsWe introduced cumulative incidence–based coverage as an alternative to measure an HIV treatment program’s success. To numerically compare the definitions, we extended a simulation model of HIV disease and treatment to represent a dynamic population that includes uninfected and HIV-infected individuals. Also, we estimated the additional resources required to implement various treatment policies in a resource-limited setting.ResultsIn a synthetic population of 600,000 people of which 44,000 (7.6%) are infected, and eligible for treatment with a CD4 count of less than 500 cells/mm³, assuming a World Health Organization (WHO)-defined coverage rate of 50% of eligible people, and treating these individuals with a single treatment regimen, the gap between the current WHO coverage definition and our proposed one is as much as 16% over a 10-year planning horizon.ConclusionsCumulative incidence–based definition of coverage yields a more accurate representation of the long-run treatment success and along with the WHO and other definitions of coverage provides a better understanding of the HIV treatment progress.     

内科保守治疗急性脑出血疗效分析研究

目的探讨内科保守治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效,提高临床治疗效率。方法回顾性分析2009年6至2011年6月我院采用内科保守方法进行治疗的68例高血压脑出血患者的临床资料,并以同期我院神经外科采用外科方法治疗的68倒患者为对照组,比较2组起效时间、治疗效果、患者住院时间、不良反应,手术并发症发生率以及治疗费用。结果2组总有效率组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组颅内压恢复至正常时间和住院时间均长与对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义。结论内科保守治疗高血压脑出血疗效肯定,但应严格掌握适应证,对于无手术禁忌的患者应及早采取手术治疗。     

内科保守治疗急性脑出血疗效分析研究

目的 探讨内科保守治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效,提高临床治疗效率.方法 回顾性分析2009年6月至2011年6月我院采用内科保守方法进行治疗的68例高血压脑出血患者的临床资料,并以同期我院神经外科采用外科方法治疗的68例患者为对照组,比较2组起效时间、治疗效果、患者住院时间、不良反应、手术并发症发生率以及治疗费用.结果 2组总有效率组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组颅内压恢复至正常时间和住院时间均长与对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义.结论 内科保守治疗高血压脑出血疗效肯定,但应严格掌握适应证,对于无手术禁忌的患者应及早采取手术治疗.     

Treatment of tuberculosis-disease

The treatment of all forms of tuberculosis-disease is a daily antibiotic intake. Rest, interruption of occupational activity may be decided according to the patient's clinical state and/or socioeconomic condition. The standard regimen is six months long. It consists in the daily administration, during six months, of isoniazide (5 mg/kg/day) and rifampicine (10 mg/kg/day) in a single intake while fasting (30 minutes to 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after). During the first two months (initial phase), the treatment also includes pyrazinamide (25 mg/kg) and ethambutol (15 mg/kg). Only isoniazide and rifampicine are continued during the four following months (continuation phase). The antimycobacterial treatment is as effective among HIV positive patients as in other patients. The frequency of relapse after treatment is similar when treatment is completed. The same therapeutic protocol can thus be employed among patients infected by HIV. It is not necessary, in cases of tuberculosis with susceptible bacilli, to continue the treatment beyond six months if the standard treatment was observed.     

垃圾渗沥液处理工艺分析

介绍了垃圾渗沥液处理现状,简述了MBR＋纳滤/反渗透、JS-BC生物处理、低能耗蒸发、高级氧化等渗沥液处理工艺,分析了这些处理工艺存在的问题和成因,探讨了渗沥液处理的发展趋势。     

不同治疗方法在偏头痛治疗中的疗效研究

目的观察托吡酯和普奈洛尔在偏头痛治疗中的临床效果。方法选取医院收治的80例偏头痛患者;将40例采用普萘洛尔进行治疗的患者作为对照组;将40例采用托吡酯联合普萘洛尔进行治疗的患者作为研究组;分析研究组与对照组患者治疗前后的脑血管血流速度以及两组患者治疗后脑电图与脑白质变性情况。结果治疗前,两组患者在各项脑血管血流速度中均没有明显差异(P>0.05);治疗后,研究组患者在椎动脉、基底动脉、大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉以及大脑后动脉血管血流速度中均显著优于对照组(P<0.05);且治疗后,两组患者在脑白质变性率中没有明显差异(P>0.05);研究组患者在α波频率变慢、δ波增多以及θ波增多中均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在针对偏头痛患者进行治疗的过程中,采用托吡酯联合普萘洛尔进行治疗能够有效提高患者的治疗效果,改善患者的脑血管病变情况。     

顽固性高血压的治疗

目的密切关注西药治疗顽固性高血压所获取的临床治疗效果,探究更为科学的顽固性高血压治疗方法。方法对该院2008—2012年间,收治的100例顽固性高血压患者,采取西医治疗的方法,并有效结合饮食治疗和运动治疗。结果 100例顽固性高血压患者都获得了良好疗效,有效结合饮食治疗和运动治疗后,有着更好的治疗效果。结论采取西药治疗配合饮食和运动调理的方法治疗顽固性高血压,能够降低患者的血压,将患者血压控制在目标水平,提高治疗效果。     

Capacity of US Drug Treatment Facilities to Provide Evidence-Based Tobacco Treatment

Although people with drug problems consume a large proportion of cigarettes smoked in the United States, few drug treatment facilities offer tobacco treatment. Our analysis of 405 facilities showed that most had the skills but few had policies, leadership, or financial resources to provide evidence-based tobacco treatment. For-profits reported significantly fewer tobacco treatment resources than nonprofits. The Affordable Care and Mental Health Parity acts will improve treatment access for drug-dependent persons. To realize these acts’ full promise, policymakers should ensure that clients have access to tobacco treatment.A key strategy in disease control is to target high-risk populations to quickly and efficiently drive down prevalence. People with mental illness, including drug abuse and dependence, consume 44% of the tobacco products sold in the United States.1 Each year 1 million persons enroll in drug treatment.2 Cigarette smoking rates in these facilities range from 77% to 90%.3–7 Several reports have found tobacco to be a major cause of mortality in this population.8,9 We analyzed data from a national survey of drug treatment facilities10 to examine their capacity to treat tobacco dependence within this high-prevalence population. We examined differences by facility ownership (for-profit vs nonprofit) and opioid maintenance versus chemical-free treatment orientation because both of these variables have been associated with provision of tobacco treatment in previous studies.11–13     

深圳市污水处理厂污泥焚烧处理可行性研究

通过对深圳市污水处理厂污泥焚烧处理有关的重要泥质参数的分析,掌握了深圳污水污泥泥质的基础数据,探讨了适合深圳市实际情况的污水污泥焚烧处理的可行性.