儿童小脑星形细胞瘤影像学表现和手术治疗

目的　探讨手术切除儿童小脑星形细胞瘤的方法。方法　根据影像学改变将小脑星形细胞瘤分成实性肿瘤、囊在瘤内、瘤在囊内 3种类型。根据肿瘤部位采取枕下正中入路、正中外拐入路、CPA拐形入路。结果　手术治疗 63例 ,实性肿瘤 2 8/ 2 9全切除 ,瘤在囊内肿瘤 15 / 15全切除 ,囊在瘤内肿瘤 18/ 19全切除。结论　儿童小脑星形细胞瘤总的全切除率 96 8% ,对实性肿瘤和囊在瘤内型肿瘤术后应常规做放疗。     

脑星形细胞瘤的临床病理与预后

脑星形细胞瘤的临床病理与预后吴秀枝黎辉王则胜陈家禄杨平高泽年我们在了解脑星形细胞瘤８４０例临床情况的同时，进一步分析各种形态学对预后的影响，如肿瘤部位、组织学分级、血管增生、术后放疗和（或）化疗、中草药治疗等因素，对临床判断预后均有重要作用。资料和方...     

成人脑干胶质瘤手术治疗的预后分析

目的 分析影响成人脑干胶质瘤术后生存的多种相关因素,并对这些因素进行探讨.方法 生命表法计算患者1、3、5年生存率,采用SPSS13.0统计软件,对预期变量进行单因素卡方检验,分析该变量是否存在统计学意义,卡方检验不可靠者,再次进行秩和检验.结果 到随访截止时,尚有8例患者存活,存活时间超过5年、3年和1年的分别有6例、9例和15例,1年、3年和5年生存率分别为58%、35%和23%.患者1年生存率与入院日常生活质量评分(KPS,P<0.001)、肿瘤边界是否清楚(P=0.024<0.05)有关.患者3年生存率与性别(P<0.001)、肿瘤边界是否清楚(P=0.009<0.05)、侵犯脑神经的数目(P=0.032<0.05)有关.患者5年生存率与肿瘤边界是否清楚(P=0.047<0.05)、肿瘤大小(P=0.029<0.05)、年龄(P=0.029<0.05)、是否接受正规放疗(P=0.005)有关.结论 患者入院时KPS评分、肿瘤边界是否清楚、侵犯脑神经数目、肿瘤大小、性别、年龄以及是否接受正规放疔是影响脑干胶质瘤患者术后生存的重要因素;影响1年生存率、3年生存率及5年生存率的冈素各不相同.     

Ezrin在人脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及意义

目的 探讨Ezrin在人脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及意义.方法 免疫组化法检测107例星形细胞瘤和10例正常脑组织中Ezrin的表达,结合临床随访资料分析其表达与预后的相关性.结果 Ezrin的表达在2组之间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).星形细胞瘤中Ezrin阳性表达率为89.7%,其表达与肿瘤恶性程度呈正相关(r=0.551,P＜0.01),临床资料分析发现Ezrin的表达与肿瘤细胞分化、瘤周水肿程度有关(P＜0.05).Ezrin强阳性表达组和弱阳性+阴性表达组的术后无瘤生存时间之间差异具有统计学意义(X~2=29.85,P=0.000).结论 Ezrin的表达与星形细胞瘤的恶性程度相关,过表达对肿瘤发展起重要作用.     

毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的临床特点

目的 探讨毛细胞型星形细胞瘤(PA)的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析经病理确诊的18例PA患者的临床资料.结果 本组男10例,女8例,平均年龄17.8岁.临床表现与肿瘤的占位效应相关.肿瘤位于小脑12例,大脑半球4例,第四脑室和鞍区各1例;所有患者均行脑显微外科肿瘤切除手术治疗.病理检查显示16例肿瘤组织学形态呈典型的双向结构,13例含Rosenthal纤维,11例含嗜酸性颗粒小体,10例呈少突胶质细胞瘤样改变,16例呈海绵状血管瘤样改变,12例呈肾小球样血管和血管壁玻璃样变性;免疫标记示瘤细胞表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白、酸性钙结合蛋白及波形蛋白,瘤细胞增殖指数均＜1％.1例术后1d死于并发症.10例平均随访53.8个月,6例症状改善,2例复发再次手术.结论 PA多发生在青少年,小脑为好发部位;诊断主要依据肿瘤组织典型的双向结构、Rosenthal纤维、嗜酸性颗粒小体等病理学特征,手术治疗预后较好.     

儿童幕下毛细胞星形细胞瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨儿童幕下毛细胞星形细胞瘤（PA）显微手术治疗效果及手术要点。方法 回顾性分析2018年3月~2019年11月显微手术治疗8例儿童幕下PA的临床资料。3例未合并梗阻性脑积水,直接行显微手术切除肿瘤;5例并发梗阻性脑积水,先行Ommaya储液囊外引流术,3~5 d后行肿瘤切除术。结果 8例肿瘤均全切除,术后病理检查为PA。术后症状明显好转,未发生并发症状。5例合并梗阻性脑积水Ommaya储液囊外引流术后随访半年脑室系统逐步缩小,避免了脑室-腹腔分流术。结论 儿童幕下PA的手术效果良好;对于合并梗阻性脑积水病人先行Ommaya储液囊外引流是非常必要的,操作简单,可提高肿瘤切除的安全性,避免脑室-腹腔分流术。     

幕上低级别星形细胞瘤生存分析

目的：分析影响幕上低极别星形细胞瘤（ＬＧＡ）患者生存的因素。材料和方法：对７５例经ＣＴ诊断的幕上低级别星形细胞瘤进行了单及多因素生存分析。结果：多因素分析显示年龄大于４０岁，术前无癫痫，肿瘤大于５ｃｍ，肿瘤位于丘脑或脑室，手术部分切除或活检以及病理Ｋｅｒｎｏｈａｎ分级Ⅱ级为六个影响生存的最危险因素。单因素分析结果显示年龄小于４０岁，术前有癫痫，肿瘤小于５ｃｍ，病理分级Ⅰ级以及手术全切与生存延长有明显关系。放射治疗在单因素及多因素分析中均显示对生存无明显影响。结论：手术方法、肿瘤病理分级、部位、大小及患者年龄等是决定该类肿瘤患者生存的重要因素。     

成人脑干胶质瘤临床特点及预后:单中心10年81例患者回顾性分析

目的 分析单中心成人脑干胶质瘤(ABSG)的临床特点及影响预后的相关因素,探讨成人脑干胶质瘤最佳治疗模式.方法 收集成人脑干胶质瘤患者的一般临床资料及预后相关信息,采用Kaplan-Meier方法计算总生存期(OS)、log-rank检验进行单因素分析、Cox回归模型进行多因素分析,P＜0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结...     

黏液性毛细胞型星形细胞瘤

黏液性毛细胞型星形细胞瘤是一种最近才被描述的中枢神经系统肿瘤,其特点类似于毛细胞型星形细胞瘤,过去被归为毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的一个亚型。然而,最近的研究表明,黏液性毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的组织学特点和毛细胞型星形细胞瘤有细微的差异,在生物学特性上,两者之间在侵袭性,复发率和预后都有不同。提示了黏液性毛细胞型星形细胞瘤是一类不同于毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的肿瘤。深入了解毛细胞型星形细胞瘤和黏液性毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的组织学特点,临床表现,影像学特点,治疗原则,预后对进一步开展相关研究有重要意义。     

脊髓髓内星形细胞瘤诊断与手术治疗

目的探讨脊髓髓内星形细胞瘤的诊断、手术方法,并评价其预后。方法回顾性分析32例髓内星形细胞瘤的临床资料,临床表现为肢体疼痛及神经功能障碍。均采用显微手术治疗。结果低级别星形细胞瘤21例,其中全切除13例,次全切除8例;恶性星形细胞瘤11例,其中次全切除4例,部分切除7例。11例恶性星形细胞瘤病人术后均接受放疗。术后随访12~48个月,平均36.9个月。低级别星形细胞瘤中,神经功能改善15例,无变化5例,加重1例;恶性星形细胞瘤中,神经功能改善5例,无变化4例,死亡2例。结论低级别的星形细胞瘤大多能达全切除,恶性星形细胞瘤因界限不清,仅能部分或大部分切除。星形细胞瘤的病理分级、术前神经功能状态、切除程度与病人预后相关。恶性星形细胞瘤应予术后放疗。     

脑干神经节胶质瘤的诊断及治疗

目的总结脑干神经节胶质瘤的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析10例脑干神经节胶质瘤的临床资料。肿瘤均位于延髓,其中单纯位于延髓3例,累及上颈髓3例,累及脑桥3例,累及小脑1例。均经枕下后正中入路,行显微手术治疗。结果肿瘤近全切除6例,大部分切除2例,部分切除2例。术后辅助放疗2例。病理诊断为神经节胶质瘤。随访3个月～12年,失访2例;存活7例,未见肿瘤复发;术后4个月因急性呼吸道梗阻死亡1例。结论显微神经外科手术是脑干神经节胶质瘤的首选治疗方法,手术主要切除突出到脑干外及脑干内相对表浅的肿瘤。脑干神经节胶质瘤预后较好,后组脑神经麻痹是其主要术后并发症。     

急性颅脑损伤病人脑干听觉诱发电位动态变化与预后的关系

目的探讨急性颅脑损伤病人脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)动态变化与预后的关系。方法动态检测73例急性颅脑损伤病人双侧BAEP,根据BAEP分级标准:Ⅰ级20例,Ⅱ级19例,Ⅲ级17例,Ⅳ级17例。观察BAEP分级变化与GOS的关系。结果颅脑损伤后1周不同BAEP分级预后良好率分别为Ⅰ级90%,Ⅱ级84.2%,Ⅲ级58.8%,Ⅳ级11.8%。BAEP改变与GOS变化存在线性相关关系(χ2回归=25.523,P0.01;χ2偏离=3.675,P0.05);BAEP好转者预后良好率(72.4%)较恶化者(23.1%)显著升高(χ2=8.922,P=0.003)。结论急性颅脑损伤病人BAEP变化与预后存在明显相关性。动态观察BAEP变化可能是评估急性颅脑损伤病人预后的一种有效方法。     

Localizing brain stem lesions with brain stem auditory evoked potentials

Based on a survey of brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in animals and humans with localized brain stem lesions compared to the recognizability of BAEP components in normal materials, it was concluded that BAEP examination might localize lesions to a high or low level and diffusely within the brain stem. In 155 patients with multiple sclerosis, vascular disorders or other lesions from a neurological department, the involvement of the brain stem was clinically estimated to be negative, situated at a high or low level or diffuse. Correlation between location of the lesions assessed by clinical versus BAEP examination showed correspondence between negative and diffusely abnormal findings, but not with regard to levels within the brain stem. CT-scanning similarly failed to localize lesions to various levels. This was probably due to poorly circumscribed or widespread lesions. The main value of BAEP in neurological patients was to establish clinically silent lesions, especially in patients with multiple sclerosis and only spinal signs.     

Grading of diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas by quantitative histopathology, cell proliferation and image cytometric DNA analysis. Comparison of 133 tumours in the context of the WHO 1979 and WHO 1993 grading schemes

The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability of quantitative histopathology as an aid for grading diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas. Primary astrocytomas were analysed for parameters (mean nuclear size, mitosis count, area fraction of endothelial cells and tumour necrosis, area fraction of nuclei, and Ki-67 (MIB-1) labelling index), which are closely related to the World Health Organization (WHO) 1979 and WHO 1993 grading criteria. All estimates correlated with the WHO histopathological grade and patient outcome. According to the receiver-operating characteristics curve, the presence of tumour necrosis and mitosis count (cut-off at 3 mitoses/mm2 of neoplastic tissue) showed the best sensitivity and specificity in separating patients with different survival. The multivariate survival analyses confirmed this result. A decision-tree model was constructed based on these two variables: twig I with less than 3 mitoses/mm2, twig II with equal or more than 3 mitoses/mm2 but no necrosis, and twig III with tumour necrosis. This model was found to be more strongly associated with survival than the WHO 1979 or WHO 1993 grading schemes. Low-malignancy astrocytomas (WHO grade II or twig I tumours) could be further divided into two prognostic categories by the image cytometric DNA analysis. The results put an emphasis on astrocytoma grading on mitosis counts (grade II vs. III) and tumour necrosis (grade III vs. IV). To standardize the sampling for mitosis counting, it is suggested that a parallel Ki-67 immunostaining be used for the identification of the most proliferative areas.     

脑干三叉神经诱发电位的电生理学特征

目的研究脑干三叉神经诱发电位（BTEP）的波形特征。方法选择全麻开颅手术非三叉神经痛病人20例,采用针形电极刺激其三叉神经周围支,在头顶记录BTEP波形,统计潜伏期、波幅和波间期。结果本组均可记录到W1、W2、W3三个波形,其中W1为高幅三相波,W2、W3为单相负波。在一定范围内,随着刺激强度增大,W1、W2、W3波幅增大而潜伏期不变。结论采用针形电极刺激能获得满意的BTEP波形,为进一步研究三叉神经痛病人在微血管减压术前后BTEP的变化提供依据。     

Long-term follow-up after surgical treatment of cerebellar astrocytomas in 100 children

A retrospective study was performed in 100 children, who were operated on between 1954 and 1984 for cerebellar astrocytoma. Twenty-nine patients died during the 1st month after the operation. Of the patients who survived, 24 lived up to 5 years, 17 up to 10 years, and 30 lived 20 or more years. In 22 cases, tumor recurrence was the reason for reoperation. Radiation therapy was used in 25 cases with histological malignancy and/or after partial removal of the tumor. The analysis in 6 cases with brainstem involvement allowed us to conclude that in such cases the prognosis is poor with regard to survival. Although total removal of cerebral astrocytomas appears to be the most effective form of treatment, we are of the opinion that even subtotal excision may be compatible with long-term survival. This suggests that many of these tumors may show benign biological behavior.Presented at the XIth Meeting of the European Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, Naples, 1988     

椎-基底动脉延长扩张症并脑干梗死3例的临床特点

目的 探讨椎-基底动脉延长扩张症(VBD)并脑干梗死的临床特点。方法 对3例椎-基底动脉延长扩张症并脑干梗死的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结经颅多普勒(TCD)、CT动脉造影(CTA)及MRI观察其后循环血流动力学和影像学特征。结果(1)3例患者椎-基底动脉高度、位置偏移度及最宽直径的测量值均符合VBD的诊断标准;(2)TCD检查显示3例患者椎-基底动脉收缩期、舒张期峰值血流速度及平均血流速度降低;(3)头颈CTA显示椎-基底动脉不同程度的扩张、延长及迂曲,形成“S”形或“C”形;(4)头MRI显示急性脑梗死病变在延髓或中脑部位;(5)3例患者经抗血小板聚集、降脂等治疗后好转。结论 VBD合并脑干梗死可能存在椎-基底动脉形态和结构的变异及后循环血流动力学障碍。VBD常并发脑干梗死,对脑干梗死的治疗应依据患者临床表现和影像学特点采取个体化的治疗方案。     

瞬目反射及脑干听觉诱发电位对脑干梗死疗效的评价

目的探讨瞬目反射和脑干听觉诱发电位对脑干梗死患者疗效的评价作用。方法40例经临床症状、体征定位于脑干髓内并经头部MRI检查明确诊断的脑干梗死患者(脑桥梗死31例、中脑梗死4例和延髓梗死5例),分别计算治疗前后瞬目反射各成分的平均潜伏期;观察脑干听觉诱发电位波形及各波潜伏期、峰间期的变化。结果经治疗后40例患者临床症状及体征均有不同程度改善,治疗前后瞬目反射各成分平均潜伏期之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3例脑桥梗死患者R1波恢复正常,临床基本痊愈。治疗前后脑干听觉诱发电位各波潜伏期及峰间期比较,差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后中脑梗死及脑桥梗死患者各有2例恢复正常,临床症状明显好转。结论瞬目反射与脑干听觉诱发电位均能敏感地反映脑干功能的变化,与临床表现具有一致性,但在发病15d内大部分病例的电生理活动不能恢复正常。     

Comparison of rostro-caudal brain stem influence on preoptic neurons and cortical EEG

The changes in activity of preoptic area (POA) neurons, and cortical EEG, upon stimulation of the caudal brain stem reticular formation (CBS) and the rostral brain stem reticular formation (RBS) are compared in this study. Low frequency (LF) stimulation of the CBS (which induced EEG synchronization) and the RBS (which generally did not affect the EEG) had an excitatory influence on a majority of the affected neurons of the POA. In contrast, high frequency (HF) stimulation of the CBS (which produced EEG desynchronization in many instances) and the RBS (which induced EEG desynchronization in all instances) resulted in inhibition of a majority of the affected POA neurons. A larger number of neurons responded to HF stimulation of both brain stem regions, as compared to LF stimulation. The changes induced in the POA neurons, upon stimulation of the two brain stem reticular structures, were not dependent on simultaneous changes in the cortical EEG, except during some cases of stimulation-induced EEG desynchronization.