UF-100尿沉渣分析仪检测尿液白细胞、红细胞和管型的干扰因素研究

目的探讨UF-100尿沉渣分析仪检测白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）和管型（CAST）的干扰因素。方法对本院8950例患者的中段晨尿标本用UF-100尿沉渣分析仪进行尿沉渣分析,并与显微镜镜检结果进行比较。结果导致WBC、RBC、CAST检测出现假阳性的最主要因素分别为非晶形盐类、草酸钙结晶和粘液丝,分别占35．3％、40．1％、38．1％。导致WBC、RBC、CAST检测出现假阴性的首位因素分别为白细胞聚集、影红细胞和少量透明管型,分别占59．2％、34．5％、100．0％。结论尿沉渣分析仪检测干扰因素较多,应建立镜检复查标准和结果审核制度,以免临床误诊误治相关疾病。     

三种临床尿液检测方法比较分析

目的 对三种临床尿液检测方法的结果进行比较分析。方法 分别用分析仪、尿沉渣常规镜检和沉渣染色镜检三种方法，分别检测1000份尿液标本，对尿液中红细胞和白细胞的检测结果进行比较分析。结果 肿瘤患者红细胞阳性检出率分别为15．9％、25．4％、28．8％，白细胞的阳性检出率分别为20．1％、27．1％、31．8％。结论 以尿沉渣染色检出阳性率最高，尿沉渣镜检次之，分析仪最低，三种方法的阳性检出率对比有显著性差异。     

EH-2060尿沉渣分析仪与干化学及镜检的尿检分析

目的对EH-2060尿沉渣分析仪、干化学法和尿沉渣镜检三种方法检测尿液红细胞、白细胞结果进行比较分析,探讨每种方法的优缺点及其影响因素。方法对3000例尿液标本,分别用EH-2060尿液沉渣分析仪、US-200型尿11项干化学分析仪及尿沉渣镜检查尿液红细胞、白细胞。结果干化学分析法与尿沉渣分析仪及尿沉渣手工镜检在尿检中阳性率比较：白细胞低4%、红细胞高8%。结论EH-2060、干化学及手工镜检三者交叉互检,可排除假阳性和假阴性结果,可使检验结果更准确,为临床提供可靠的诊断信息。     

临床尿检中尿沉渣镜检与尿液分析仪2种方法对比分析

目的比较和分析尿液分析仪和尿沉渣镜检尿检方法的优劣。方法对我院收集的300份尿液标本进行检测,检测的方法为尿液分析仪和尿沉渣镜检,主要的评价指标:尿液中的白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、蛋白质(PRO)。结果经过检测之后,采用尿液分析仪检测的结果中有237例为阳性,经过尿沉渣镜检检测,其中正常的有36例,假阳性率15.2%。采用尿液分析仪检测的结果中,阴性为63例,进行镜检,有8例出现异常,假阴性率12.7%。镜检检测,发现有10例患者的白细胞正常,假阳性率为19.2%。PRO和WBC两项指标都正常的患者有17例,WBC与RBC两项指标异常的患者有25例,RBC与PRO两项指标异常的有18例,PPO、WBC、RBC三项指标均异常的患者有13例。结论采用尿液分析仪进行检测,其所检测出的阴性率比较高,所以,在临床上要根据实际情况的需求来选择进行镜检。     

3种方法检测尿中有形成分效果比较

目的：探讨尿沉渣分析仪、尿干化学分析仪及涂片显微镜检测方法的临床应用价值。方法：采用UF—100型全自动尿沉渣分析仪（尿沉渣分析法）、Clinitek-500尿干化学分析仪（尿干化学分析法）、手工涂片尿沉渣显微镜镜检法（手工沉渣镜检法）对1500份住院患者的尿液标本沉渣进行检测。结果：尿沉渣分析法、尿干化学分析法、手工沉渣镜检法对白细胞的检测阳性率分别为40．3％（605／1500）、40．8％（612／1500）、43．5％（653／1500）,红细胞的检测阳性率分别为47．4％（711／1500）、46．5％（698／1500）、46．8％（702／1500）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Clinitek-500尿干化学分析仪无法检测管型,尿沉渣分析法与手工沉渣镜检法对管型的检测阳性率分别为14．7％（220／1500）、7．0％（105／1500）,差异有统计学意义愀0．05）。结论：尿沉渣分析仪、尿干化学分析仪及涂片显微镜检测具有很高的准确性和敏感度．为泌尿生殖系统、循环系统、内分泌系统等疾病的诊断提供了可靠的数据。     

三种尿液分析方法综合应用的探讨

目的 为探讨尿液分析的标准化，对UF-50全自动尿沉渣分析仪的干扰因素造成的假阳性结果和H-100尿干化学分析仪的灵敏度造成的结果差异进行分析。方法 收集600例住院患者晨尿，用UF-50全自动尿沉渣分析仪、H-100尿干化学分析仪和显微镜镜检，三种检验结果进行分析比较。结果 UF-50全自动尿沉渣分析仪所测得的红细胞和管型假阳性率较高，分别为29．8％和25％；白细胞和上皮细胞假阳性率较低，分别为5．4％和7．9％。H-100尿干化学分析仪所测得的潜血灵敏度高，而酯酶灵敏度偏低为96．4％。结论 通过UF-50全自动尿沉渣分析仪、H-100尿干化学分析仪和显微镜三者交叉互检，可以排除假阳性结果，为尿液分析标准化提供可靠依据。     

尿液分析仪和尿沉渣镜检两种方法的比较

目的探讨尿液分析仪和尿沉渣镜检在检测白细胞和红细胞方面的不同。方法对300例尿液分别进行尿液分析仪和尿沉渣检测,比较其结果。结果300例尿液中,尿分析仪与尿沉渣镜检检出白细胞都为阳性并且阳性结果相符的是75例,占总标本的25％;两法都为阴性的是192例,占总标本的64％。尿分析仪阳性而尿沉渣镜检阴性或阳性结果不符的有10例,占总标本的3．3％;尿分析仪阴性而尿沉渣镜检阳性的有23例,占总标本的7．7％。两法检出红细胞都为阳性并且阳性结果相符的是85例,占总标本的28．3％;两法都为阴性的是171例,占总标本的57％;尿分析仪阳性而尿沉渣镜检阴性或阳性结果不符的有32例,占总标本的10．7％;尿分析仪阴性而尿沉渣镜检阳性的有12例,占总标本的4％。结论尿液分析仪与尿沉渣镜检联合检测,才能提高尿液检测的质量     

658份尿干化学分析与显微镜检对照分析

医院一般都用尿液自动分析仪进行尿液检查 ,但在实际运用中 ,干化学试带由于其方法的局限性 ,可出现假阳性结果。本文就尿干化学分析中白细胞 (WBC) ,红细胞 (RBC)及蛋白质 (Pro)等指标与尿沉渣镜检中 WBC、RBC、管型等病理成分的关系进行探讨。1　材料和方法1.1　标本来源 :6 5 8份就诊患者送检的尿液标本 ,在 2小时内完成尿检测。1.2　仪器及试纸条 :采用德国拜耳公司生产的 CL INITEK10 0尿十项分析仪及配套试带。1.3　方法 :尿十项检测严格按照仪器要求操作 ,尿沉渣镜检按照全国临床检验操作规程的要求。判断 :干化学结果异常 …     

显微镜检和尿液分析仪检测尿中红细胞和白细胞的对比分析

目的观察显微镜检测和尿液分析仪检测尿液中红细胞和白细胞结果的差异。方法使用德国URIMA尿十项分析仪,美国康泰(FECO)尿液检测试纸,自动打印出十项检测项目;尿沉渣显微镜检测法,按照全国临床检验操作规程的方法进行操作。结果两种方法测定RBC符合率为80.8%,WBC符合率为85%。结论当尿液分析仪测定红细胞、白细胞、亚硝酸盐和尿蛋白有一项为阳性,均要进行尿沉渣显微镜检;当尿液分析仪测定红细胞、白细胞、亚硝酸盐和尿蛋白均为阴性,而且排除药物及其他因素的影响,可不必进行尿沉渣显微镜检,既可提高工作效率,又能保证检测质量。     

尿液常规分析中假阴性的干扰因素及改进措施

目的对尿干化学法测定尿液的阴性结果进行人工镜检,分析尿干化学检测法出现假阴性结果的原因及改进措施。方法对1320份尿液标本采用尿干化学分析仪和常规尿沉渣离心人工镜检法分别检测红细胞和白细胞。结果对尿干化学分析仪检测阴性标本进行人工镜检,结果出现假阴性的概率分别为白细胞3.17%及红细胞2.36%。尿干化学分析仪与人工镜检结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论临床检测中应将尿干化学分析仪与手工镜检相结合,以提高检测结果的精确度和准确性,排除相互干扰,避免漏检和误检。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.