单孔钻颅引流术治疗老年慢性硬膜下血肿86例分析

单孔钻颅引流术治疗86例老年慢性硬膜下血肿患者,其中83例治愈,治愈率96.9%.该方法简单、操作容易,是治疗老年慢性硬膜下血肿的有效方法。     

老年慢性硬膜下血肿38例诊治体会

目的探讨钻孔冲洗引流术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的疗效。方法对2003年5月至2006年5月收治的老年慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔冲洗引流治疗的38例资料进行回顾性分析。结果术后复查头颅CT并发硬膜下积气5例,硬膜下积液3例。1个月后再次复查头颅CT显示硬膜下积气、积液均吸收,全部病例临床治愈。结论钻孔冲洗引流术是治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的首选方法之一,手术简单,疗效显著。     

创伤性硬膜下积液转化为慢性硬膜下血肿11例临床诊治体会

目的总结创伤性硬膜下积液转化为慢性硬膜下血肿的临床诊治体会。方法在111例创伤性硬膜下积液转变为慢性硬膜下血肿患者的诊疗过程中,行CT／MRI动态检查,诊断明确后均采取手术治疗。结果创伤性硬膜下积液转化成慢性硬膜下血肿多见于老年人,动态CT和／或MRI检查有助于发现TSE向CSDH的早期转变,手术治疗效果良好。结论创伤性硬膜下积液转化成慢性硬膜下血肿多见于老年患者,其动态转化的时间不确定,动态CT和／或MRI检查有助于早期发现慢性硬膜下血肿形成。手术治疗（包括钻孔引流和开颅血肿清除血肿外膜剥离手术）效果良好。     

改良术式局麻下治疗慢性硬膜下血肿(附33例报告)

目的:探讨老年合并严重心肺疾患慢性硬膜下血肿患者的简易手术.方法:对33例慢性硬膜下血肿患者在局麻下进行钻孔引流,不进行冲洗.结果:33例患者,1例术后因经济原因放弃治疗,1例因术后疗效不佳改行骨瓣开颅清除血肿治愈,31例术后1个月复查头颅CT,23例硬膜下血肿完全消失;6例少量残留;2例复发,经再次手术治愈.结论:局麻下行慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流手术(不冲洗)较传统手术可缩短手术时间,简化手术操作,减少麻醉及手术并发症,且疗效好.     

老年慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术后并发症防治体会

目的探讨慢性硬膜下血肿行钻孔引流术术后常见并发症的原因及相应防治措施。方法回顾分析2001年1月至2010年1月我院收治的47例老年慢性硬膜下血肿行钻孔引流术术后11例并发症的形成原因,并总结其有效的防治措施。结果慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术后并发症为颅内积气7例,血肿复发1例,继发性颅内血肿2例,脑脊液漏1例,并发症的发生率为23．4％,经治疗全部治愈。结论钻孔引流术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿创伤小,治愈率高,但并发症并不少见,对并发症的防治应引起重视。     

慢性硬膜下血肿并发脑梗死16例

慢性硬膜下血肿并发脑梗死１６例单宝昌索班西袁志忠慢性硬膜下血肿与脑梗死临床上均较常见，且多见于老年患者，两者并存时给诊断和治疗增加了困难．笔者１９８５年１月～１９９６年３月收治慢性硬膜下血肿患者８０例，其中１６例并发脑梗死（占２０％）．现总结并分析如...     

32例老年性慢性硬膜下血肿诊疗体会

目的探讨老年性慢性硬膜下血肿行钻孔冲洗引流术的疗效。方法对2009年4月至2013年4月收治的32例行钻孔冲洗引流术的老年性慢性硬膜下血肿患者的临床资料进行分析。结果术后并发硬膜下积气5例,硬膜下积液3例,血肿复发1例。结论钻孔冲洗引流术是治疗慢性硬膜下血肿安全、有效的首选方法。     

微单孔插管治疗慢性硬膜下血肿

目的 改进慢性硬膜下血肿的治疗方法。方法 对58例慢性硬膜下血肿CT定位,在血肿周边,经皮锥开颅骨,成直径5mm单孔。沿硬膜下一次插管排空血肿。以下列4项判定治疗结果:有无活动出血;CT监视复查插管有无脑组织损伤;血肿排空量;有无严重并发症;有无再出血。采用质反应单项序贯试验确定临床治疗效果。结果 58例无一例出血,无一例插管损伤脑组织,血肿排空量均在85％以上,无一例再出血,无一例严重并发症。提示该方法治疗慢性硬膜下出血可行。这种判定的准确性为99％(α=β=0.01)。结论 微创单孔血肿周边锥颅,沿硬膜下一次插管治疗慢性硬膜下血肿,操作简单,损伤小,疗效好,值得推广。     

老年人慢性硬膜下血肿的CT与临床特征

目的：探讨老年人慢性硬膜下血肿的CT表现和临床特征，提高诊断率和治愈率。方法：经CT扫描确诊60岁以上老年人慢性硬膜下血肿，男38例．女12例．主要临床表现为头痛、呕吐、观乳头水肿等高颅压症状。老年患者则以智力精神症状，大小便失禁为常见。结果：CT扫描表现为颅骨内板下方新月形不同密度占位，有助于慢性硬膜下血肿早期发现和双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的诊断。颅骨为孔冲洗引流48例，2例合并其他脏器衰竭保守治疗，全部治愈。结论：老年人硬膜下血肿CT密度变化与外伤时间不一致，不能以时间长短来划分慢性、急性或亚急性．无明确外伤史者CT前易误诊，应引起内科医师的重视，颅骨钻孔冲洗引流创伤小，效果好是治疗的最佳选择。     

微创穿刺治疗36例老年慢性硬膜下血肿患者的临床观察

回顾微创穿刺治疗36例老年慢性硬膜下血肿患者的临床资料，总结经验。认为此方法创伤小、操作简单、住院时间短。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Temporal changes in the oxidation state in in vitro blood

The rates at which the paramagnetic compounds deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MHb) form in vivo within an area of hemorrhage are unknown. The present experiment establishes the baseline concentrations and rates of change in paramagnetic hemoglobin concentrations, as well as the pH in normal heparinized and clotted human blood maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions over 30 hours. There was a moderate increase in Hb concentration in normal heparinized blood (average increase was 15.5%, rate = 0.50%/hour) and a slight increase in MHb concentration in the heparinized blood and clots (average increase was 1.4%, rate = 0.044%/hour). A second experiment was done to verify the activity of the RBC systems responsible for maintaining the hemoglobin molecule in the reduced state. Conversion of MHb to Hb in these samples proceeded at a rate of 5.6%/hour. In a third experiment, blood from 11 normal subjects maintained at 4 degrees C 25 degrees C was analyzed for MHb concentration over the course of 28 days. The level of MHb formation remained in the range of normal for at least 11 days in all subjects. The authors conclude that at basal conditions created in vitro, the blood levels of both Hb and MHb remain at relatively low levels. Therefore, if the accumulation of Hb and/or MHb occurs in acute in vivo hematomas it must be driven by intrinsic tissue factors.     

Carcinoma in situ in cryptorchid testes in post-pubertal patients]

The pathohistologic analysis of testis sections of 37 postpuberty patients with different types of cryptorchism is performed. The tissue samples were taken during orchiopehy, fixed in Bouin's solution and treated by the standard histologic techniques. The morphologic criteria are presented for identification of the presence of the so called carcinoma in situ cells found in two cases. Besides, in 13 patients rare, mainly single, atypical germinative cells were found in a smaller number of the seminiferous tubules. It has been concluded that the presence of carcinoma in situ cells in undescended testes of some patients and considering the simple way of sampling, lack of complications and high reliability of the diagnostic procedure, it is absolutely justified to take routine biopsy of testes during orchiopexy in each postpuberty and perhaps prepuberty patient.     

我国医用辐射防护研究概况

医学放射学技术的迅速发展及介入放射学在临床广泛应用，使更多的人受到电离辐射的照射，同时也促进了医疗照射防护工作的发展。文中重点综述了我国医用辐射防护工作者近年来在Ｘ射线ＣＴ的医疗照射防护、对介入放射学工作者的剂量监测以及应用医疗照射防护体系，降低医疗照射剂量等方面所作出的成绩和研究进展     

新时期军医学院人才培养的思考

在新的历史条件下 ,军医学院迎接未来高技术局部战争的挑战 ,适应部队武器装备的不断更新以及医学科技、社会发展对人才素质提出的新要求 ,必须在更为广阔的时空背景下找准人才培养的着眼点 ,科学确立人才培养方向 ,提高人才培养质量。现就人才培养思考如下 :1　改变教育观念 ,     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。