距下关节截骨缓慢延长治疗陈旧性跟骨骨折

目的 伴有距下关节损伤的陈旧性跟骨骨折,目前主要是采用距下关节原位融合术和距下关节牵伸骨块植入融合术治疗,在此介绍一种新手术方式,距下关节截骨外固定支架缓慢延长手术,并评估其疗效.方法 12例15足(单足9例,双足3例)陈旧性跟距关节骨折脱位,年龄16～53岁,平均33.6岁.闭合性7例(10足),开放型性5例(5足)...     

跟骨关节内骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗跟骨骨折的方法和疗效.方法 2004年3月～2006年12月,手术治疗23例28足跟骨关节内骨折.术中斯氏针撬拨复位恢复跟骨长度、高度和跟骨结节关节角,采用外侧入路重建跟骨距下关节面,行跟骨钢板内固定.按Sanders分型标准:Ⅱ型13足,Ⅲ型12足,Ⅳ型3足.结果 术后随访9～25个月,平均12个月.采用美国足踝骨科学会之足踝临床评分系统评估手术疗效,优良率为85.71%.术后发生切口皮肤裂开4足,浅部感染2足.结论 手术内固定是治疗跟骨骨折有效方法,骨折类型的评估,关节面的复位质量,手术时机的选择,移植骨的填充等,对提高疗效有明显的影响.     

异型解剖钢板在跟骨粉碎性骨折中的临床应用

探讨应用异型解剖钢板在跟骨粉碎性骨折中的临床应用及疗效分析.对30例31足累及距下关节的跟骨骨折采用异型解剖钢板内固定伴必要时自体植骨治疗.经6～24个月随访,患者均获骨性愈合.采用Mayland足部评分系统评价效果,优良率达96.6%.     

解剖型跟骨钛板并植骨治疗跟骨关节内骨折的临床疗效

目的：探讨解剖型跟骨钛板并植骨治疗跟骨关节内骨折的临床疗效。方法选择2009年3月～2012年5月期间收治的25例（33足）SanderslⅡ～Ⅳ型跟骨关节内骨折患者,男性20例（26足）,女性5例（7足）;年龄15～65岁,平均（36.16±14.63）岁。单足17例,双足8例,采用切开复位解剖型跟骨钛板内固定并植骨进行治疗,术中恢复跟骨解剖形态,按Maryland足部评分系统进行术后功能评分,评价手术效果,进行系统的回顾性总结分析。结果本组25例（33足）术后均获12～36个月随访（平均19.3个月）,按Maryland足部评分标准：优17足、良12足、可4足,差0足;优良率为87.88％。结论解剖型跟骨钛板并植骨治疗跟骨关节内骨折能够恢复跟骨距下关节面平整,有利于患者早期功能锻炼,疗效可靠。     

关节镜下经皮穿针空心螺钉内固定融合治疗距下关节创伤性关节炎

目的 探讨关节镜下经皮穿针空心螺钉内固定融合治疗距下关节创伤性关节炎的方法并评价其临床疗效.方法 选择2006年4月-2009年12月收治的12例严重距下关节创伤性关节炎患者,其中男5例,女7例;年龄28～68岁,平均45.6岁.均为单纯距下关节病变,经保守治疗、疼痛控制无效,选择关节镜下经皮穿针空心螺钉内固定的距下关节融合术.患者术前、术后均采用美国足踝外科协会(America Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝-后足功能评分表进行临床随访,同时,采用X线摄片进行影像学评估.结果 术后平均随访21.2个月(6～48个月).12例患者AOFAS术前评分(54.67±5.28)分(43～61分),术后末次随访评分(89.17±3.56)分(78～95分),优良率为93%.术后X线片显示,11例距下关节骨性融合,平均融合时间为12.4周(9～15周).1例出现骨不连,行走后外踝下方疼痛,给予石膏靴固定制动3个月后复查X线片,距下关节骨性融合.结论 关节镜下经皮穿针空心螺钉内固定融合治疗距下关节创伤性关节炎可获得良好的临床疗效,是一种值得推荐的手术方法.     

跟骨骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨跟骨骨折的特点、骨折分型，分析手术方法及创伤并发症的防治。方法 自1998年7月至2003年11月，共收治跟骨骨折58例，按Essex—Lopresti系统分型，其中关节外骨折16例；关节内骨折42例，包括关节压缩性骨折24例和舌形骨折18例。关节外骨折为稳定性骨折，采取闭合复位，非负重石膏管型固定；涉及后关节面明显移位骨折采取手术治疗，跟骨后关节面解剖复位，跟骨解剖接骨板内固定；后关节面严重粉碎骨折，同时行距下关节Ⅰ期融合。结果 本组手术治疗的患者随访2～7年，平均3．6年。根据患者的主诉、后跟的外形及距骨下关节的功能及X线征象，尤其是Bohler角的恢复来评价临床疗效。其中优16例（38％），良17例（40％），可6例（14％），差3例（7％），优良率为79％。本组患者术后无感染；后跟变宽，足底扁平6例；7例距骨下关节炎，其中3例因跟骨后关节面塌陷出现严重疼痛性关节炎，行距骨下关节融合手术。1例切口皮瓣顶端坏死、缺损。结论有移位的跟骨关节内骨折非手术治疗并发症多而且后果严重，手术切开复位尤其是后关节面的解剖复位对患者功能的恢复及并发症的防治极其重要。     

解剖型钢板内固定治疗移位跟骨关节内骨折

回顾分析应用解剖型钢板内固定治疗24例28足移位跟骨关节内骨折的临床资料,认为解剖型钢板能恢复距下关节面的平整,全面恢复跟骨的外形,是一种合理的跟骨骨折内固定器。     

解剖型钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折(附32例疗效分析)

目的:探讨应用跟骨解剖型钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折的临床疗效.方法:自2002-09～2008-12采用切开复位跟骨解剖型钢板内固定治疗SandersⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折32例38足,观察临床疗效,分析并发症发生情况.结果:随访9～48个月,平均20个月,按美国足踝骨科协会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分系统评分,优16足,良15足,可7足,优良率81.6%.切口皮缘坏死4足(10.5%).结论:跟骨解剖型钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折疗效满意,但应重视术后并发症的预防.     

跗骨窦入路联合锁定钢板治疗移位跟骨关节内骨折

目的分析移位跟骨关节内骨折经跗骨窦入路联合锁定钢板内固定治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析采用跗骨窦入路切开复位联合跟骨锁定钢板内固定治疗的移位跟骨关节内骨折11例(12足),其中男性8例,女性3例;年龄16~61岁,平均42.3岁。骨折根据Sanders分型:Ⅱ型7足,Ⅲ型4足,IV型1足。比较手术前后跟骨B9hler角、Gissane角,并按照Maryland足部评分系统进行疗效评价。结果伤后3~6d手术,平均4.5d,均获得随访,时间5~16个月,平均11.4个月。术后无内固定失败、感染坏死等软组织并发症;骨折愈合时间8~16周,平均12.6周。B9hler角由术前平均7.2°提高至术后平均32.3°;Gissane角由术前平均104.3°提高至术后平均131.6°。按照Maryland足部评分系统:优11足,可1足。结论跗骨窦入路联合锁定钢板内固定是治疗SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨关节内骨折的理想方法,微创,并发症少,疗效满意。     

SandersII—IV型跟骨骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨跟骨关节内骨折的手术治疗。方法对2003年3月--2010年3月共收治143例166侧跟骨关节内骨折,按Samder分型标准：II型78足,III型70足,IV18型足,均经X光及CT检查确诊。术中采用切开复位解剖钢板内固定,羟基磷灰石人工骨植骨术后随访1-2年进行疗效评价。结果按Maryland足部评分系统评价术后功能,随访1-2年,优96足,良66足,可4足,优良率97．6％,除2例切口裂开,无伤口感染、皮肤坏死、慢性骨髓炎、后跟坏死。结论对跟骨骨折采用切开复位解剖钢板内固定粒基磷灰石人工骨植骨有较好治疗效果。     

同种异体骨移植结合跟骨接骨板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折临床疗效分析

目的探讨通过影像学和功能恢复评估切开复位同种异体骨移植结合跟骨接骨板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折的临床疗效。方法笔者收集2005~2013年收治的229例跟骨骨折合并关节内压缩型患者病例,其中121例(A组)行切开复位同种异体骨移植结合跟骨接骨板手术治疗,108例(B组)行切开复位跟骨接骨板治疗。行临床和影像学随访至少2年,根据患者术前术后跟骨侧位片和轴位片测量Bohler's角和Gissane's角,同时测量跟骨高度。依据美国足踝骨科协会标准(AOFAS)评分评估功能恢复情况。结果术后A组平均负重时间(平均3.5个月)较B组(平均5.3个月)显著缩短(P0.05),Bohler's角A组较B组显著增加(P0.05)。Gissane's角恢复及跟骨高度A组较B组高,但无统计学差异。两组AOFAS评分无统计学差异。术后伤口延迟愈合发生率A组较B组显著增高(P0.05),创伤性关节炎发生率B组较A组高(P0.05)。结论术中骨移植不仅有利于患者跟骨Bohler's角度恢复,防止后期跟骨的塌陷和跟骨高度的解剖重建,而且有利于早期负重,但并发症发生率高,两组术后临床功能评估无显著差异。     

距下关节镜联合跟腱前外侧纵向切口锁定钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内移位骨折

目的 探讨距下关节镜联合跟腱前外侧纵向切口锁定钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内移位骨折的临床疗效.方法 采用回顾性病例系列研究分析2016年1月至2018年5月徐州市中心医院收治的38例(38足)跟骨关节内移位骨折患者的临床资料,其中男21例(21足),女17例(17足);年龄21～53岁[(33.7 ±6.2)岁].依据Sa...     

Computed tomographic assessment of old calcaneal fractures

Prolonged pain and disability are common complications of calcaneal fractures. A prospective study was conducted on the value of computed tomography (CT) in 63 patients with 73 calcaneal fractures sustained more than 6 months before. The fractures were classified from the initial plain radiographs, and the patients' current clinical condition assessed in terms of a "disability score". The mean disability scores (MDS) associated with the different types of fracture were correlated with the CT findings. The highest MDS was found in the intra-articular fracture group which comprised 71% of the series. In this group the MDS was increased in the presence of post-traumatic osteoarthrosis of the subtalar joint (61% of cases), involvement of the calcaneocuboid joint (39% of cases) and subluxation/dislocation of the peroneal tendons (47% of cases). Structural abnormalities of the peroneal tendons were associated with a higher MDS including chronic tenosynovitis (eight cases), chronic partial tendon rupture (eight cases), complete peroneus brevis tendon rupture (two cases) and scarring indicating stenosing tenosynovitis (14 cases). A similar spectrum of appearances affecting the medial tendons of the hindfoot was identified in eight cases. Direct CT measurements of the degree of comminution did not correlate well with the patients' MDS. In the patient with persistent symptoms, CT is of value in the later assessment of long-term complications by revealing abnormalities of the subtalar joints and adjacent tendons.     

Intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus: value of CT findings in determining prognosis.

The prognosis of intraarticular calcaneal fractures is variable, ranging from severe functional impairment and pain to complete return of normal function. Clinical assessment and CT scanning were performed 1-11 years after fracture in 45 patients (51 fractures) to determine the relationship between the CT findings and clinical status. Conservatively treated (n = 18) and surgically treated (n = 33) fractures were assessed. Clinical assessment included evaluation of subjective parameters (pain, activity, gait, and use of orthotics) and objective measurement of subtalar motion. CT evaluation included assessment of abnormalities in the posterior subtalar joint, loss of calcaneal height, tendon abnormalities, and calcaneocuboid joint abnormalities. A poor clinical outcome, caused by loss of subtalar motion, was more common when CT showed incongruity or degeneration of the posterior facet (p = .04) and when Bohler's angle was decreased (p = .0006). Other CT findings, such as loss of calcaneal height and tendon abnormalities, did not correlate with clinical outcome. An unexpected finding was that surgical screws were intraarticular in eight (24%) of 33 surgically treated patients; however, this finding was not significantly associated with poor clinical outcome. Our findings indicate that the CT findings of degenerative change and incongruity of the posterior subtalar joint correlate significantly with poor clinical outcome.     

微创与传统术式治疗SandersⅡ型跟骨关节内骨折的临床研究

目的探讨微创与传统术式治疗SandersⅡ型跟骨关节内骨折的临床效果。方法选择2012年12月~2014年2月期间30例SandersⅡ型跟骨关节内骨折患者为研究对象,将30例患者按照随机数字表法分为研究组和传统组各15例。研究组:给予微创内固定治疗。传统组:给予传统"L"形切口内固定治疗。记录研究组和传统组等待时间、手术时间、术后引流量、早期并发症、晚期并发症,测量术前、术后Bhler角、Gissane角,采用直观模拟量表(VAS)、美国骨科足踝外科协会(AOFAS)后足评分及健康状况调查表(SF-36)对手术效果进行评估。结果研究组和传统组等待时间、手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组术后引流量、早期并发症、晚期并发症发生率少于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组和传统组术后Bhler角和Gissane角均较术前提高,但增加度数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组和传统组VAS评分、AOFAS后足评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组SF-36评分高于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与传统内固定治疗相比,微创内固定治疗SandersⅡ型跟骨关节内骨折可以获得与传统内固定治疗接近的疗效,且对患者创伤小,近远期并发症发生率较低,有利于患者距下关节功能的恢复,可加速患者的康复。     

旋后内收型Ⅱ度踝关节骨折的治疗策略

目的 探讨及总结旋后内收型Ⅱ度踝关节骨折的治疗策略及经验.方法 2003年3月-2008年9月,对32例旋后内收型Ⅱ度踝关节骨折进行手术治疗,其中男21例,女11例;年龄21～76岁,平均44.5岁.其中3例为开放性骨折.采取前内侧入路暴露内踝垂直骨折线及胫骨远端内侧关节面,探查胫骨远端关节面及距骨软骨受损情况,对塌陷受损的胫骨远端关节面进行植骨以恢复其高度,内踝直视下解剖复位,清除关节内脱落的软骨碎片;外侧韧带撕裂损伤根据稳定性情况决定是否修复,外踝移位骨折根据骨折块的大小及移位程度选择内固定.X线片观察术后骨折愈合、内固定及是否伴骨性关节炎情况,测量踝关节活动度恢复情况,同时按Maryland后足评分系统对踝关节功能进行评估.结果 32例中23例获随访,时间6-47个月,平均27.9个月.1例术后5个月出现2枚螺钉突出皮下予取出,余X线片显示无内固定松动、断裂,骨折2.3～5.1个月(平均2.9个月)后均愈合,随访时间内未出现骨性关节炎表现,踝关节活动度背伸为6°～17°,平均13°;跖屈27°～46°,平均36°.按Maryland后足评估标准,评定优19例,良4例,优良率为100%.结论 了解及重视旋后内收型Ⅱ度踝骨折受伤机制,加强对胫骨远端内侧关节面高度、软骨及距骨关节面软骨受损情况的诊断及处理可有效减少骨关节炎等并发症的发生1前内侧纵行切口更有利于骨折及受损关节软骨面的暴露、关节腔脱落软骨片的清除、胫骨远端植骨关节面高度的恢复及内固定的放置.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the treatment strategies for grade Ⅱ supination adduction ankle fracture. Methods From March 2003 to September 2008, 32 patients with grade Ⅱ supination adduction ankle fractures were treated surgically. There were 21 males and 11 females, at a mean age of 44.5 years (range, 21-76 years). Three patients had open ankle fractures. Anteromedial approach to the medial malleolus was taken to expose the vertical medial malleolus fractures and tibial plafond for exploring damage to distal articular surface of the tibia and that to cartilage of the talus. Open reduction and internal fixation with impaction of the articular fragment and possible bone grafting were applied to restore the height of the collapsed tibia. Medial mallcolus fractures were anatomically reduced and the intra-articular cartilage debris removed under direct vision. Repair of the lateral ligament injuries was decided acoording to the stability of the ligament. Different internal fixation was chosen according to fracture displacement of the block size and degree of lateral malleolus fractures. Fracture union, internal fixation and osteoarthritis were detected by X-ray examination. The range of ankle motion was measured. Maryland foot score was taken to assess the ankle function.Results Twenty-three patients were followed up postoperatively for a mean period of 27.9 months ( range, 6-47 months). Two prominent screws were removed from one patient five months after operation because of loosening. Bony fusion was achieved in all patients after an average period of 2.9 months ( range, 2.3-5.1 months). X-ray examination revealed no other internal fixation loosening or osteoarthritis. The average range of motion was 13 degrees of dorsiflexion (range, 6-17 degrees) and 36 degrees of plantarflexion (range, 27-46 degrees). According to Maryland foot score, ankle function was excellent in 19 patients and good in four, with excellence rate of 100%.Conclusions Understanding injury mechanism of supination adduction ankle fracture, strengthening the diagnosis and treatment of damage of tibial plafond articular surface height, cartilage and talar articular surface cartilage can effectively reduce the incidence of complications such as osteoarthritis. Anteromedial incision allows excellent exposure of the medial tibial plafond for clearance of intra-articular cartilage pieces, recovery of distal tibial articular surface height and placement of internal fixation.