中老年脑功能障碍股骨颈骨折的髋关节置换

目的探讨中老年伴有脑功能障碍的股骨颈骨折患者行人工髋关节置换治疗的疗效。方法回顾分析本科于2000年1月～2008年12月收治的伴有脑功能障碍的股骨颈骨折行人工髋关节置换手术治疗的43例临床资料。结果本组有38例在术后3～21天扶拐下地活动,平均8天,有5例在住院期间未能恢复下地活动;术后1例死亡,3例髋关节假体在术后4周内脱位,2例出现假体周围骨折。本组病例有20例得到随访,随访时间为6个月～6年,平均2年7个月,术后2～6个月患肢功能逐渐恢复至近似于术前的功能状态。结论伴有脑功能障碍的股骨颈骨折患者行人工髋关节置换是可行的,是恢复髋关节功能、减少卧床并发症的较好治疗方法;但其并发症、不满意度、死亡发生率均比一般人群要高,髋关节的功能会随着患者脑功能障碍的进展而逐渐减退,临床治疗上应作好充分评诂。     

人工关节置换术治疗老年不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折

目的 评价人工关节置换术治疗老年不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法 回顾分析我科2000～2006年应用人工关节置换治疗14例高龄（平均76岁）股骨粗隆间不稳定型骨折的临床资料。结果 对14例高龄不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折进行人工关节置换术后3～24个月（平均6．5个月）的随访,术后开始负重行走时间为3～27天,平均14．2天。85．7％的患者髋关节功能接近或恢复到受伤前水平。未发现髋内翻、感染、松动、脱位者。结论 该手术能迅速恢复患肢功能,减少并发症的发生,应严格掌握适应证。     

全髋关节置换术治疗超高龄股骨颈骨折30例

目的评价超高龄股骨颈骨折患者行全髋关节置换术的临床价值。方法回顾分析2002年6月—2008年6月收治的30例超高龄股骨颈骨折患者行全髋关节置换术的临床治疗资料。结果经6个月～5年的随访,平均3年,按Harris功能评分:优22例、良好6例、差2例(1例髋关节后脱位、1例术后骨质疏松症),优良率96%。结论对于伤前生活质量较好的患者,做好围术处理,全髋关节置换术(THR)是治疗超高龄股骨颈骨折的有效方法。     

软组织平衡在患肢短缩型全髋关节置换术中的重要性

目的探讨软组织平衡在患肢短缩型全髋关节置换术中的重要性。方法选取2011年6月至2013年12月我科收治的23例(30侧)全髋关节置换患者,术前均存在患肢短缩,术中均采用软组织松解术,2例同时行截骨术。术后根据患肢长度恢复、局部症状、关节功能恢复及影像学检查评价效果。结果本组23例患者均获随访,时间9~30个月,平均(21.7±5.8)个月。2例患者术后患肢长度仍遗留短缩1.0 cm,1例短缩1.5 cm。1例成人发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)患者术后出现骨化性肌炎,4个月后疼痛消失,16个月后骨化组织吸收消失。1髋术后下肢深静脉血栓形成,经积极溶栓治疗后康复出院。1例术后出现坐骨神经牵拉伤表现,行神经营养药物治疗,3个月后完全恢复。1例术后髋脱位,经手法复位并牵引1个月,未见再次脱位。无感染、假体松动下沉、假体周围骨折发生。Harris评分标准:优19侧髋,良7侧髋,中4侧髋。Harris评分由术前的平均39.8分,提高至术后的平均87.2分。结论不同病种的患肢短缩,形成机制不同,针对性的术前准备、术前评估及围手术期的治疗会降低并发症的发生。术中按照先关节囊内、后关节囊外,从内收肌腱、臀大肌股骨粗线附着点至股直肌、股薄肌、股二头肌附着点、髂腰肌的顺序逐步松解,臀中肌保护。仍不能恢复旋转中心、偏心距、患肢长度时,行小粗隆下截骨。准备不同形态的股骨柄假体、软组织松解后的正确松紧程度及术后针对性的康复治疗是患肢短缩型全髋关节置换术成功的重要保证。     

无柄人工髋关节置换术的临床应用

目的：探讨无柄人工关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折、股骨头坏死等髋部疾病。方法：本组8例，男2例，女6例。平均年龄62岁。全部行尢柄人工髋关节置换术。结果：平均随访18个月，疗效满意。结论：无柄人工髋关节置换术用于股骨颈骨折、股骨头坏死等髋部疾病的治疗，有创伤小，固定可靠，方法简单，并发症少等优点。     

人工关节置换术治疗老年髋部骨折效果观察

目的探讨人工关节置换术治疗老年髋部骨折的相关问题。方法对65例72岁以上老年髋部骨折采用人工髋关节置换治疗的资料进行回顾性分析。其中男25例,女40例;年龄72—99岁,平均78岁;股骨颈骨折48例,股骨转子间骨折17例;行人工全髋置换23例,单纯双极人工股骨头置换42例。结果随访24—60个月,平均36个月,髋关节按Harris评分：优46例,良12例,差7例,总优良率89．3％。结论采用人工髋关节置换术治疗老年人髋部骨折,卧床时间短,可早期下床功能锻炼,防止并发症的发生,术后髋关节功能恢复良好,有效提高了老年人术后生活质量。     

髋关节置换术治疗中老年股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较半髋关节置换术与全髋关节置换术治疗老年完全移位股骨颈骨折的疗效.方法 将1996年5月～2002年12月我院治疗的67例55岁以上有移位股骨颈骨折患者分为两组: A组行半髋关节置换术,B组行全髋关节置换术.随访12～70个月,平均62.9个月.结果 按北京市髋关节置换术座谈会议标准,A组满意率91.43 %;B组满意率90.62 %,两组间没有明显差异.结论 半髋关节置换术与全髋关节置换术是治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折的有效方法,能提高患者的生活质量.半髋关节置换术可优先选择.     

后外侧小切口全髋置换术治疗股骨颈骨折

目的 总结后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折的经验.方法 2002年10月-2005年1月收治的199例(207髋)初次全髋置换,其中46例(46髋)为股骨颈骨折患者,新鲜骨折31髋,陈旧性骨折15髋.采用后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术,观察股骨颈骨折置换的切口长度、手术时间、出血量、引流量、住院天数、术后并发症、功能恢复和评分情况.结果 随访时间14～26个月,平均17.2个月.随访期间最后一次Harris评分:新鲜股骨颈骨折患者(84.1±8.6)分,陈旧性股骨颈骨折患者评分(85.8 ±7.6)分.所有患者术后X线片未见明显假体位置不良.新鲜和陈旧股骨颈骨折的手术切口、手术时间、出血量、引流量、住院天数差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).新鲜和陈旧性股骨颈骨折组各有1例患者脱位.结论 后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术具有创伤小、出血及并发症少和功能恢复快的特点,对于股骨颈骨折患者不仅能获得良好的髋关节功能,且减少了并发症的发生.     

人工关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨人工关节治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法回顾分析126例65岁以上股骨颈骨折,经后外侧入路行全髋或半髋关节置换。结果本组84例行人工股骨头置换,42例行全髋关节置换,术后1～4周患者扶拐下地活动。随访1.5～6.5年(平均4年10个月),患髋关节功能良好,无疼痛,X线片假体位置正常,无松动及下沉。结论人工股骨头或全髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折,有早期下地、并发症少、关节功能好的优点。     

人工髋关节置换术治疗老年性股骨粗隆间骨折

目的评估人工髋关节置换术治疗老年性股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。方法对2005年4月~2009年12月我科应用人工髋关节置换术治疗17例老年性股骨粗隆间骨折的情况进行回顾性分析,总结术后临床效果,评估术后髋关节活动功能。结果 17例老年性股骨粗隆间骨折进行人工髋关节置换术后,获得6~62个月(平均28个月)的随访,术后开始负重行走时间为3~10天,平均7天。88.2%的患者髋关节功能恢复到受伤前水平,无感染、松动、脱位。结论人工髋关节置换术能使患者早日下地行走,恢复髋关节的功能,减少相关并发症的发生,是治疗老年性股骨粗隆间骨折的不错的选择。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.