解剖型钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折(附32例疗效分析)

目的:探讨应用跟骨解剖型钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折的临床疗效.方法:自2002-09～2008-12采用切开复位跟骨解剖型钢板内固定治疗SandersⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折32例38足,观察临床疗效,分析并发症发生情况.结果:随访9～48个月,平均20个月,按美国足踝骨科协会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分系统评分,优16足,良15足,可7足,优良率81.6%.切口皮缘坏死4足(10.5%).结论:跟骨解剖型钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折疗效满意,但应重视术后并发症的预防.     

跗骨窦入路联合锁定钢板治疗移位跟骨关节内骨折

目的分析移位跟骨关节内骨折经跗骨窦入路联合锁定钢板内固定治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析采用跗骨窦入路切开复位联合跟骨锁定钢板内固定治疗的移位跟骨关节内骨折11例(12足),其中男性8例,女性3例;年龄16~61岁,平均42.3岁。骨折根据Sanders分型:Ⅱ型7足,Ⅲ型4足,IV型1足。比较手术前后跟骨B9hler角、Gissane角,并按照Maryland足部评分系统进行疗效评价。结果伤后3~6d手术,平均4.5d,均获得随访,时间5~16个月,平均11.4个月。术后无内固定失败、感染坏死等软组织并发症;骨折愈合时间8~16周,平均12.6周。B9hler角由术前平均7.2°提高至术后平均32.3°;Gissane角由术前平均104.3°提高至术后平均131.6°。按照Maryland足部评分系统:优11足,可1足。结论跗骨窦入路联合锁定钢板内固定是治疗SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨关节内骨折的理想方法,微创,并发症少,疗效满意。     

闭合复位联合外固定器治疗移位跟骨骨折

目的探讨闭合复位联合外固定器治疗移位跟骨骨折的疗效。方法回顾性随访2005～2008年采用闭合复位联合外固定器治疗移位跟骨骨折17例（21足）,男性14例（18足）,女性3例（3足）;年龄19～56岁,平均34．2岁。按Sanders分类：Ⅱ型7足,Ⅲ型10足,Ⅳ型4足。测量并比较术前术后跟骨结节关节角（Bohier角）,术后根据美国足踝骨科协会（American Orthopedic Foot＆Ankle Society,AOFAS）踝-后足评分系统评分。结果本组随访时间3～42个月,平均23．2个月。术前Bohler角-31°～20°,平均-0．6°,术后拆除外固定后Bohler角18°～40°,平均33．6°,两者有显著性差异（t检验,P〈0．01）;术后踝-后足评分,平均得分85．6分（67～95分）,优7足,良11足,可2足,差1足;优良率85．7％。结论闭合复位联合外固定器治疗移位跟骨骨折具有损伤小、并发症少等优点,疗效与切开复位内固定疗效相当,值得推广。     

外侧延长入路切开复位内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折

探讨外侧延长入路切开复位内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折38例,术后随访6～36个月骨折均愈合,Bohler角及Gissane角较术前明显改善。     

跟骨骨折外侧入路内固定术后并发症防治体会

目的探讨跟骨骨折经外侧入路钢板螺钉内固定治疗出现术后并发症的原因及防治对策。方法笔者回顾分析2007年7月~2013年1月收治的102例(107足)跟骨骨折患者资料,男性88例,女性14例;年龄17~65岁,平均35.7岁。按Sanders分型:Ⅱ型43足,Ⅲ型47足,Ⅳ型17足。采用跟骨外侧切口复位及跟骨解剖型钢板固定,27例(28足)进行髂骨取骨植骨治疗,75例(79足)仅用钢板固定而不植骨。对术后出现切口感染、腓骨长短肌腱损伤、慢性疼痛等相关并发症进行分析。结果 102例跟骨骨折有93例(98足)术后获得13~38个月随访,平均19个月。末次随访按Maryland足部功能评分系统进行疗效评定,优53足,良34足,可8足,差3足;术后Maryland足部评分平均为87.8分,整体优良率为88.8%。发生并发症19足,占19.4%,其中切口愈合不良6足,切口感染2足,腓骨长短肌肌腱损伤2足,腓肠神经损伤2足,慢性疼痛7足。结论跟骨骨折术后并发症多,充分认识术后并发症并重视预防是手术成功的关键。正确的手术时机、合理的围手术期管理及手术措施可有效减少并发症,并发症处理较为棘手,出现并发症后可根据情况作积极处理。     

经跗骨窦切口治疗跟骨关节内骨折54例临床效果分析

目的探讨跟骨关节内骨折患者应用跗骨窦切口进行切开复位钢板固定的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2013-2015年收治的54例跟骨关节内骨折患者临床资料,其中男性40例,女性14例;年龄22~56岁,平均42.3岁。致伤原因:高处坠落伤32例、道路交通伤18例,其他4例。患者累及距下关节跟骨骨折,对其进行经跗骨窦切口入路跟骨解剖钢板方法进行内固定治疗,如有必要则进行植骨手术,评价经跗骨窦微创切口跟骨解剖钢板治疗的临床效果。结果 X线片显示患者解剖结构恢复良好。Bohlee角平均恢复到38°,Gissane角平均恢复到135°。术后对其进行平均12个月的随访,其中46例获得随访,对其临床治疗效果以Maryland足部评分系统进行评价,患者临床治疗总有效率为86.9%。结论对跟骨关节内骨折患者应用经跗骨窦切口入路外侧跟骨钢板内固定方法进行治疗,必要时联用植骨方法,能够获得良好的临床治疗效果,且患者接受治疗后不会出现严重的不良反应,具有安全高效的优点,值得临床推广。     

AO钢板螺钉治疗跟骨关节内骨折

目的探讨切开复位内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折的手术时机及疗效。方法采用跟骨外侧延长"L"型切口,AO支持钢板内固定跟骨关节内骨折。结果所有病例经随访6～24个月,均骨性愈合。术后采用Maryland足部功能评分标准评定优良率83.4%。结论应用AO支持钢板治疗跟骨关节内骨折疗效满意。术前严格掌握手术时机,术中微创操作等措施可有效预防伤口裂开、感染等并发症。     

跟骨关节内骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗跟骨骨折的方法和疗效.方法 2004年3月～2006年12月,手术治疗23例28足跟骨关节内骨折.术中斯氏针撬拨复位恢复跟骨长度、高度和跟骨结节关节角,采用外侧入路重建跟骨距下关节面,行跟骨钢板内固定.按Sanders分型标准:Ⅱ型13足,Ⅲ型12足,Ⅳ型3足.结果 术后随访9～25个月,平均12个月.采用美国足踝骨科学会之足踝临床评分系统评估手术疗效,优良率为85.71%.术后发生切口皮肤裂开4足,浅部感染2足.结论 手术内固定是治疗跟骨骨折有效方法,骨折类型的评估,关节面的复位质量,手术时机的选择,移植骨的填充等,对提高疗效有明显的影响.     

钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折疗效分析

目的探讨钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折的手术效果及术后并发症的预防。方法对36例（36足）跟骨关节内骨折采用切开复位钢板内固定治疗。结果所有患者术后获6-18个月（平均12个月）随访。按Maryland足部评分标准评定：优26例,良8例,可2例,优良率94．4％。结论钢板内固定是治疗跟骨关节内骨折的良好的方法．经充分的术前准备、术中及术后处理可减少并发症的发生。     

跟骨钛板内固定治疗跟骨粉碎性骨折30例疗效观察

目的：探讨跟骨钛板内固定治疗粉碎性跟骨骨折的方法及临床效果。方法：回顾性分析均为2008-07～2010-07我院治疗的粉碎性跟骨骨折患者30例38足的临床资料。结果：手术后进行随访,时间为8～24个月。Bohler角测量,恢复正常28足,30°～40°者8足,25°～30°2足;AOFAS评分,优18足,良16足,可2足,差2足,优良率达89.47%。所有患者骨折均全部愈合。结论：跟骨钛板内固定治疗粉碎性跟骨骨折疗效明显,值得临床推广。     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

CLIP相关技术的研究进展

在真核生物基因表达的转录后调节中,RNA结合蛋白（ RBP）起着关键作用,很多RBP的异常与人类疾病的发生密切相关。自2000年的RNA免疫沉淀和芯片分析方法（ RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis , RIP-ChIP）出现以来,人们开始就RBP与RNA相互作用进行了系统而广泛的研究。经过改良和发展,基于体内实时紫外交联免疫沉淀法（ ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation , CLIP ）、交联免疫沉淀cDNA文库高通量测序法（ high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library , HITS-CLIP）、光催化核糖核苷增强交联和免疫沉淀法（ photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunprecipitation , PAR-CLIP）以及提高个别核苷酸分辨率交联和免疫共沉淀法（ individual nucleotide resolution CLIP , iCLIP）等RIP-ChIP衍生方法相继产生,使用这些方法,可以解析RBP的RNA识别特异性,而且通过与高通量测序技术结合,可以实现转录组尺度的RBP的靶序列的鉴定,分辨率也得到极大提高。该文就RNA与蛋白的相互作用的基本原理及其研究进展、相关技术存在的问题以及发展趋势进行简要综述。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.