磁共振扩散加权成像应用于食管癌的最佳b值选择及放疗疗效评价

目的:本研究探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)应用于食管癌的最佳b值选择.并用该b值下的DWI来评价食管癌的放疗疗效.方法:回顾性分析河北肿瘤医院行放射治疗的食管癌患者88例,于放射治疗前1 d及放射治疗结束后1 d分别行磁共振常规扫描(magnetic resonance imaging)和DWI扫描,b值选择为600、800、1000 s/mm2,比较不同b值下DWI图像的信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)、放疗前后的表观扩散系数值(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)及病灶长度的变化.结果:放射治疗前b值为600、800和1000 s/mm2时,所测得DWI图像的SNR值分别是11.60±1.50、11.18±1.75、7.15±0.91;所测得ADC值分别为1.66×10-3±0.49×10-3、1.55×10-3±0.41×10-3、1.39×10-3±0.33×10-3 mm2/s;在b值为600、800和1000 s/mm2时,放疗后平均ADC值是2.48×10-3±0.58×10-3、2.16×10-3±0.46×10-3、1.93×10-3±0.35×10-3 mm2/s,放疗后ADC值较放疗前明显升高(P=0.001).选择b值为800 s/mm2时的图像,治疗前后肿瘤病灶长度比较有统计学意义(5.43 cm±1.25 cm vs 2.17 cm±0.95 cm,P=0.001).结论:食管癌放射治疗后ADC值较放射治疗前显著升高;食管癌放射治疗后病灶的长度较放射治疗前显著缩短;b值取800 s/mm2时所得到的DWI图像及ADC图更利于食管癌放射治疗疗效的评价.     

磁共振扩散加权成像诊断四氯化碳诱导的兔肝纤维化的价值分析

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)对肝纤维化的诊断价值。方法采用四氯化碳注射法建立家免肝纤维化模型每次实验抽取模型组家免7□8只和对照组家免2□3只进行DWI检查,共对30只肝纤维化成模组和10只对照组家免进行了DWI检查测算不同b值(分别为300、500和1000s/mm~2)时DWI的表观扩散系数(ADC)值;行DWI后12h内处死家免行肝组织病理学检查,按肝纤维化病理分期结果进行分组,比较不同分期动物ADC值的差异,采用Spearman相关分析探讨ADC值变化和纤维化分期之间的相关性,运用受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线评估ADC值预测S_2及以上肝纤维化和S_3及以上肝纤维化的诊断效能。结果ADC值与纤维化分期之间呈负相关性取b值=500 s/mm~2时相关性最高(r=0.795,P=0.000);在不同b值情况下肝纤维化≤S_1与≥S_2之间、纤维化≤S_2与≥S_3之间肝脏ADC值差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);当b值=500 s/mm~2时,ADC值诊断≥S_2肝纤维化的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.912,以ADC值=1.58×10~(-3)mm~2/s为截断点,其诊断肝纤维化的敏感性为90.2%特异性为75.0%;ADC值诊断≥S_3肝纤维化的AUC为0.920,以ADC值=1.43×10~(-3)mm~2/s为截断点,其敏感性为93.0%特异性为80.0%。结论ADC值可以用于诊断肝纤维化分期值得进一步研究。     

不同b值磁共振弥散加权成像在鉴别前列腺癌和前列腺增生中的价值

目的探讨不同b值3.0T磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)在鉴别前列腺癌(PCa)和前列腺增生(BPH)的价值及合适的b值。方法经穿刺活检或手术病理确诊的PCa患者40例,BPH患者31例,分别接受不同b值DWI扫描获得感兴趣区的表现扩散系数(ADC)值,b值分别为300,800和1 000 s/mm~2,对比分析不同b值条件下PCa与BPH的ADC值差异,并采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)确定诊断PCa的灵敏度和特异度。结果不同b值条件下,PCa患者ADC值分别为(1.06±0.06)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,(0.83±0.04)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,(0.73±0.03)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,BPH患者ADC值分别为(1.38±0.06)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,(1.24±0.06)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,(1.18±0.04)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,同一b值条件下,两组结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DWI b 300,DWI b 800,DWI b 1 000诊断PCa的灵敏度和特异度分别为73.8%、76.3%,74.3%、75.0%,88.2%、84.0%。结论 ADC值对鉴别诊断PCa和BPH可提供定性和定量信息,当b=1 000 s/mm~2时,DWI对诊断PCa有较高的灵敏度和特异度。     

MR弥散加权成像在兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融后残癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨MR弥散加权成像在兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融后残癌诊断中的应用价值.方法 制备兔肝VX2肿瘤模型,在进行射频不完全消融治疗后1、3、7、14 d行MR弥散加权成像检查,然后处死模型兔,取肝组织行病理检查.比较检查结果.结果 1周内各b值时炎症反应带、残癌ADC值相比P均＞0.05.术后第2周时b=200 s/mm2时正常肝组织、炎症反应带及残癌ADC值分别为(2.34±0.36)、(2.14 ±0.33)、(1.86±0.24) ×10-3mm2/s,b=600 s/mm2时分别为(2.09±0.21)、(1.96±0.30)、(1.55±0.10)×10-3 mm2/s,b=1 000 s/mm2时分别为(1.99±0.17)、(1.78±0.15)、(1.43±0.13)×10-3 mm2/s,各b值下不同组织ADC值比较P均＜0.05.b=200s/mm2时SNR、CNR、SIR分别为254.3±52.2、35.1±10.1、2.1±0.5,b =600 s/mm2时分别为198.0±44.0、20.2±9.2、2.7±0.8,b=1 000 s/mm2时分别为151.7±24.2、9.6±3.4、3.3±1.0.综合考虑上述数据,b=600 s/mm2为最佳扩散敏感系数.b=600 s/mm2时取残癌ADC值的95％参考值范围上限1.71×10-3mm2/s为界值鉴别残癌与炎症反应,其敏感性为57％,特异性为88％.结论 MR弥散加权成像有助于兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融治疗后残癌的诊断.     

表观弥散系数在慢性肝病肝纤维化分级评价中的价值

目的探讨表观弥散系数(ADC)在定量评估慢性肝病肝纤维化分级中的价值。方法回顾性分析2012年12月-2015年6月珠海市第二人民医院收治的慢性肝病肝纤维化患者63例,根据肝纤维化分期将患者分为5组,S0组(n=24)、S1组(n=18)、S2组(n=10)、S3组(n=6)和S4组(n=5)。所有患者均进行常规磁共振成像扫描及弥散加权成像,测得ADC值。多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,进一步两两比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,相关性分析采用Spearman秩相关分析。结果慢性肝炎肝纤维化分级(S)与ADC值呈负相关(r=-0.389,P0.001);5组间ADC值比较差异有统计学意义(H=19.904,P0.001);S0组与S1、S2、S3、S4组ADC值比较,差异有统计学意义(U值分别为18.5、3.0、0、0,P值均0.05),S1组与S2、S3、S4组ADC值比较,差异有统计学意义(U值分别为129.5、16.5、70.0,P值均0.05);ADC值在定量评估有无肝纤维化(S≥1)和中重度肝纤维化(S≥2)的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.950、0.799,敏感性分别为100%、77.8%,特异度分别为89.7%、85.7%。结论 ADC值对于量化评估慢性肝病肝纤维化分级具有一定的临床价值。     

磁共振扩散成像在诊断肝脏占位病变中的应用

量化分析肝脏占位性病变的磁共振扩散成像(DWI)的表面扩散系数(ADC值)的变化规律。对69个常见肝脏占位性病变病灶(肝血管瘤、肝囊肿、原发性肝癌、肝转移瘤)行磁共振扩散成像检查,计算病灶的ADC值。四种常见肝脏占位性病变病灶的ADC均值,肝血管瘤：(2．38±0．56)×10~(-3)mm~2/s肝囊肿：(2．47±0．71)×10~(-3)mm~2/s原发性肝癌：(1．23±0．14)×10~(-3)mm~2/s肝转移瘤：(1．44±0．46)×10~(-3)mm~2/s。综合量化分析病灶的ADC值的变化,能更准确的判断肝脏占位性病变的性质,为肝脏占位性病变的诊断及鉴别诊断提供更准确的结论。     

磁共振弥散加权成像对胰腺癌与慢性肿块型胰腺炎的鉴别诊断价值

目的 比较磁共振弥散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)对胰腺癌与慢性肿块型胰腺炎的鉴别能力.方法 对38例胰腺癌、9例肿块型CP、15例正常胰腺行DWI.在x、Y、Z轴3个方向上选择3个不同弥散系数(b=0、500、1 000 s/mm2)进行扫描,共行2次DWI.根据表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)图像测量ADC值.结果 38例胰腺癌平均ADC值为(1.411±0.101)×10m-3mm2/s,9例肿块型CP的平均ADC值为(1.053±0.113)×10-3mm2/s,15例正常胰腺平均ADC值为(1.245±0.112)×10-3mm2/s,两两比较均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 DWI可对胰腺癌与肿块型CP进行鉴别诊断,具有较大的临床意义.     

3.0 T磁共振DWI在胃癌诊断中的应用

目的评价3.0 T磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)及表观扩散系数(ADC)值在胃癌诊断中的应用价值。方法经胃镜活检病理检查证实的胃癌患者20例,术前行3.0 T磁共振扫描和DWI,比较非癌区正常胃壁和癌肿组织的ADC值。结果胃癌组织在DWI上呈高信号,正常胃壁呈等信号;胃癌和正常胃壁的ADC值分别为(1.20×10-3±0.213×10-3)s/mm2和(3.05×10-3±0.561×10-3)s/mm2,两者相比,P<0.01。结论磁共振DWI和ADC值的测量能区分胃癌和正常胃壁,在胃癌的诊断中具有一定的应用价值。     

3.0T磁共振弥散加权成像对肝硬化的诊断价值初步研究

目的 初步探讨磁共振弥散加权成像ADC值对肝硬化的诊断价值.方法 采用3.0T全身磁共振扫描系统对23例肝硬化患者、15例健康志愿者(对照组)行轴位弥散加权成像扫描,b值选用0、500、800、1000s/mm2,分别在肝脏右前叶、右后叶、左内叶测量各组的ADC值,进行统计学分析.结果 两组中肝脏左叶ADC值大于肝脏右叶的ADC值,且具有显著性差异;Z=-4.621 P=0.0001;右前叶ADC值略大于右后叶ADC值,两者之间未见显著性差异,Z=-1.552 P=0.06.b＝500、800、1000s/mm2时肝硬化组肝脏的ADC值均低于对照组肝脏的ADC值,且与对照组肝脏ADC值之间均有显著性差别.结论 3.0T磁共振弥散加权成像ADC值在诊断肝硬化引起弥漫肝实质损害中具有很大的临床价值.     

磁共振弥散加权成像在家兔胰腺占位模型评价中的应用价值

目的探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)技术在家兔胰腺癌占位模型评价中的应用效果。方法选取齐齐哈尔医学院动物中心家兔16只,成功制备胰头占位、恶性占位模型及良性占位模型各8只,应用磁共振成像(MRI)功能成像DWI进行影像评价,DWI成像扩散敏感系数(b值)选择333、667、1 000 s/mm~2,记录不同b值下胰腺占位区的表观扩散系数(ADC)值和ADC差值(DADC),在MRI弥散加权成像下,分析良、恶性占位区不同b值下ADC和DADC之间的变化差异,并观察其在分子扩散中的差异。结果相同b值下恶性区域ADC值明显低于良性占位及正常胰腺区,不同b值时,ADC数值差异有统计学意义(P0. 05); b值增大时,各组织ADC值差异有统计学意义;不同b值时恶性占位与良性占位、正常胰腺区域DADC差异有统计学意义(P0. 05),b值为333 s/mm~2时各组织DADC值差异最大。结论 MRI分子功能成像DWI技术在胰腺良恶性占位评价方面具有较好的诊断与鉴别诊断能力。     

MR diffusion-weighted imaging of rabbit liver VX-2 tumor

AIM: To investigate the implanting method of rabbit liver VX-2 tumor and its MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) characteristics. METHODS: Thirty-five New Zealand rabbits were included in the study. VX-2 tumor was implanted subcutaneously in 14 rabbits and intrahepatically in 6 for pre-experiments. VX-2 tumor was implanted intrahepatically in 12 rabbits for experiment and three were used as the control group. DWI, T1- and T2-weighted of MRI were performed periodically in 15 rabbits for experiment before and after implantation. The distinction of VX-2 tumors on DWI was assessed by their apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. The statistical significance was calculated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the randomized block design using SPSS10.0 software. RESULTS: The successful rate of subcutaneous implantation of VX-2 tumor was 29% (4/14) while that of intrahepatic implantation of it was 33% (2/6) in the preexperiment. The successful rate of intrahepatic implantation of VX-2 tumor in the experiment was 83% (10/12) and 15 tumors grew in 10 successfully implanted rabbits. The DWI signal of VX-2 tumor was high and became lower when the b value increased step by step. The signal of VX-2 tumor on the map of ADC was low. When the b value was 100 or 300 s/mm2, the ADC value of normal group and VX-2 tumor group was respectively 2.57±0.26, 1.73±0.31, 1.87±0.25 and 1.57±0.23 mm2/s. Their distinction was significant (F= 43.26, P<0.01), the tumor ADC value between b values 100 and 300 s/mm2 was significant (Tukey HSP,P<0.05) and the ADC value between VX-2 tumor and normal liver was also significant (Tukey HSP, P<0.01). VX-2 tumor developed quickly and metastasized early to all body, especially to the lung, liver, lymph nodes of mediastinum, etc. CONCLUSION: The DWI signal of rabbit VX-2 tumor has its characteristics on MR DWI and DWI plays an important role in diagnosing and discovering VX-2 tumor.     

Effect of b value on monitoring therapeutic response by diffusion-weighted imaging

AIM： To explore the diffusion gradient b-factor that optimizes both apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） measurement and contrast-to-noise （CNR） for assessing tumor response to transarterial chemoembolization （TACE） in a rabbit model. METHODS： Twelve New Zealand white rabbits bearing VX2 tumors in the liver were treated with TACE. Diffusion-weighted imaging （DWI） with various b values was performed using the same protocol before and 3 d after treatment with TACE. ADC values and CNR of each tumor pre- and post-treatment with different b factors were analyzed. Correlation between ADC values and extent of necrosis in histological specimens was analyzed by a Pearson＇s correlation test.RESULTS： The quality of diffusion-weighted images diminished as the b value increased. A substantial decrease in the mean lesion-to-liver CNR was observed on both pre- and post-treatment DW images, the largest difference in CNR pre- and post-treatment was manifested at a b value of 1000 s/mm^2 （P = 0.036 ）. The effect of therapy on diffusion early after treatment was shown by a significant increase in ADCs （P = 0.007）, especially with large b factors （≥ 600 s/mm^2）. The mean percentage of necrotic cells present within the tumor was 76.3%-97.5%. A significant positive correlation was found between ADC values and the extent of necrosis with all b values except for b200, a higher relative coefficient between ADC values and percentage of necrosis was found on DWI with bl000 and b2000 （P = 0.002 and 0.006, respectively）. CONCLUSION： An increasing b value of up to 600 s/mm^2 would increase ADC contrast pre- and post-treatment, but decrease image quality. Taking into account both CNR and ADC measurement, diffusion-weighted imaging obtained with a b value of 1000 s/mm^2 is recommended for monitoring early hepatic tumor response to TACE.     

应用MRI弥散成像表观弥散系数监测肝转移瘤化疗疗效研究

目的评估应用磁共振弥散加权成像表观弥散系数（ADC）预测和早期监测肝转移瘤化疗疗效的可行性。方法选择43例原发肿瘤为胃肠道、乳腺或其他部位的肝转移瘤患者,在化疗前和化疗后2~3周常规检查弥散加权成像并获得相应的ADC值。采用RECIST作为评价肝转移肿瘤化疗疗效的标准。结果在43例肝转移瘤68个病灶中,30个病灶对化疗有效,38个病灶对化疗无效,其治疗前平均ADC值分别为1.22±0.39×10-3mm2/s和1.54±0.55×10-3mm2/s（P=0.008）;在治疗后2周,化疗有效组ADC值升至1.43×10-3mm2/s（P=0.005）,而化疗无效则降至1.23×10-3mm2/s（P=0.13）;以ADC值=1.50×10-3mm2/s为治疗有效或无效的临界点,其判断疗效的阳性预测值为94%,阴性预测值为92%,准确率为93%。结论磁共振弥散加权成像ADC可作为预测肝转移瘤化疗疗效的影像学指标。     

Study and value of high amplification atrial signal in arterial hypertension]

The aim is the analysis of the P wave on the signal averaged ECG in 31 pts: 12 control pts (6 M, 6 W, 40 +/- 10 y) 12 HTA (9 M, 3 W, 60 +/- 7 y), 7 pts (5 M, 2W, 48 +/- 7 y) with sustained paroxystic atrial fibrillation (AF) without organic heart disease, without antiarrhythmic drugs. We measured the filtered P wave duration (Ad), the integral of Ad, the root mean square voltage of Ad for the last 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 msec and the duration of P wave on the ECG in lead II (P II) and the echocardiographic dimensions of the atria (LAd). HTA Ad (132 +/- 12 msec)* et > control Ad (116 +/- 10 msec) HTA LAd (38 +/- 3 mm) et > control LAd (31 +/- 0.7 mm) HTA PII (120 +/- 1.5 mm)* et > control PII (88 +/- 10 mm). The difference between HTA Ad (132 +/- 12 msec) and AF Ad (129 +/- 7 msec) is not significant. The linear regression tests don't show correlation between P II and Ad and between LAd and Ad in HTA group. There is a correlation between Ad and LAF in AF group (r = 0.83, p 0.02). HTA RMS 2o (2.2 + 0.6 microV), control RMS 2o (3.9 + 1.8 V) but HTA RMS 2o and AF RMS 2o (2.4 +/- 0.6 microV) are not significantly different and are not correlated with LAd and PII. A long duration of P filtered P wave and a low RMS 2o observed in HTA group and AF group would be a criteria of atrial vulnerability. p < 0.05.     

磁共振功能弥散成像对肝脏早期弥漫性病变诊断价值的实验研究

目的探讨磁共振(MR)功能弥散成像(DWI)对早期肝脏弥漫性病变的诊断价值。方法用二乙基亚硝胺诱导大鼠肝脏病变,对其早期阶段(给药后1-14周)的弥漫性改变进行动态磁共振常规形态学成像(包括T1加权、T2加权和常规MR增强扫描)和DWI,并作组织学检查,与正常大鼠比较。结果两组大鼠肝脏的常规形态MR相比无明显差异,而DWI显示了实验组大鼠肝脏早期肝硬化的不均质性改变,表现为相应肝叶的片状信号增高。正常组各周间肝实质的表观弥散系数(ADC)值无明显差异;实验组自第5周ADC值开始下降。当悌度因子(b)为300 s/mm2时,正常组与实验组间以及实验组第10周与第1周和第9周间ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);当b=600 s/mm2和1 000 s/mm2时,自第6周正常组与实验组间以及实验组第6周与第1周和第5周间ADC值变化显示出明显差异(P<0.01)。病理组织学检查显示实验组1-4周大鼠肝脏的病理改变是以肝细胞肿胀为主,为肝炎阶段,5-8周则属于以肝实质内纤维组织增生为主的肝纤维化阶段,9-14周已进展为肝硬化阶段,实质内有许多纤维分割不完整或完整的增生性结节形成。结论MR功能弥散成像较形态结构影像能更早的反映肝脏弥漫性病变,动态ADC值的测定有助于肝脏早期弥漫性病变的诊断和病变进展的监测。     

胰腺3T磁共振弥散加权成像的临床应用研究

目的 探讨胰腺组织3T磁共振(MR)扩散加权成像(DWI)的可行性及其在胰腺肿瘤定性诊断中的价值。方法 应用3T MR成像仪对20名健康志愿者和47名胰腺肿块患者(胰腺癌21例,肿块型胰腺炎7例,胰腺囊性肿瘤19例)行胰腺常规MRI及两组不同扩散梯度因子(b值,500和1000 mm2/s)DWI检查,测量病灶、病灶旁胰腺DWI信号强度(signal intensity,SI)及病灶表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值。结果 在b=500和1000 mm2/s DWI图像上,正常胰腺实质信号均匀,胰头、体、尾各部分的ADC值差异均无统计学意义;而胰腺癌、肿块型胰腺炎均显示为高信号,且在b=1000mm2/s的DWI上胰腺癌的相对SI1000值显著高于肿块型胰腺炎(1.238 +0.448比0.371±0.293,P＜0.01)。胰腺癌与肿块型胰腺炎ADC500和ADC1000均显著低于正常胰腺(P＜0.01),且胰腺癌ADC1000显著低于肿块型胰腺炎[(1.087±0.175) mm2/s比(1.279 +0.213) mm2/s,P＜0.01]。胰腺囊性病变在b= 500 mm2/s时显示为高信号,在b=1000mm2/s的DWI上表现为低或等低信号,其ADC500和ADC1000均显著高于正常胰腺(P值均＜0.01)。结论 3T磁共振胰腺DWI有助于胰腺肿块型病变的鉴别诊断,高b值DWI对胰腺病变定性诊断更有价值。     

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C

Liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessing fibrosis but has several limitations. We evaluated a noninvasive method, so-called diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI), which measures the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water, for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). We analyzed 20 healthy volunteers and 54 patients with chronic HCV (METAVIR: F0, n = 1; F1, n = 30; F2, n = 8; F3, n = 5; and F4, n = 10) prospectively included. Patients with moderate-to-severe fibrosis (F2-F3-F4) had hepatic ADC values lower than those without or with mild fibrosis (F0-F1; mean: 1.10 +/- 0.11 versus 1.30 +/- 0.12 x 10(-3) mm2/s) and healthy volunteers (mean: 1.44 +/- 0.02 x 10(-3) mm2/s). In discriminating patients staged F3-F4, the areas under the receiving operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were 0.92 (+/-0.04) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 0.92 (+/-0.05) for elastography, 0.79 (+/-0.08) for FibroTest, 0.87 (+/-0.06) for the aspartate aminotransferase to platelets ratio index (APRI), 0.86 (+/-0.06) for the Forns index, and 0.87 (+/-0.06) for hyaluronate. In these patients, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 87%, 87%, 72%, and 94%, respectively, with an ADC cutoff level of 1.21 x 10(-3) mm2/s. In discriminating patients staged F2-F3-F4, the AUC values were 0.79 (+/-0.07) for MRI, 0.87 (+/-0.05) for elastography, 0.68 (+/-0.09) for FibroTest, 0.81 (+/-0.06) for APRI, 0.72 (+/-0.08) for the Forns index, and 0.77 (+/-0.06) for hyaluronate. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study suggests that DWMRI compares favorably with other noninvasive tests for the presence of significant liver fibrosis.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在前列腺癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和表观弥散系数(ADC)值在前列腺癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 46例经手术病理或穿刺活检证实的前列腺疾病患者行DWI检查,其中前列腺增生(BPH)21例,慢性前列腺炎9例,前列腺癌16例,扩散敏感分数值800 s/mm2.依病理结果,将前列腺外周带六分区归类为正常区、增生区,炎症区、癌区,测量每个分区的ADC值,癌与非癌组之间进行受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)分析.结果 各组ADC值分别为,BPH外周带(2.20±0.29)×10-3mm2/s,中央带(1.66±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s,炎症区(1.95±0.34)×10-3 mm2/s,癌区(1.24±0.32)×10-3 mm2/s,组间ADC值两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);ROC曲线上临界点取1.49×10-3 mm2/s,诊断的敏感性达86.8%,特异性为94.0%,ROC曲线下面积0.945±0.010.结论 前列腺DWI及ADC值可用于前列腺肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断,具有很高的临床应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the application of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Methods Diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequences were performed in 46 patients, including 21 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 9 cases of chronic prostatitis and 16 cases of prostate cancer. DWI were obtained with a b-factor of 800 s/mm2. According to the pathological results obtained by ultrasound guided biopsy, the peripheral zone of prostate was divided into six parts by orientations and they were divided into noncancerous, hyperplasia, prostatitis and cancerous groups. The ADC value of each region was measured and analyzed with one-way ANOVA and ROC analysis. Results Acceptable images for ADC measurement were obtained in all cases.The mean ADC values of prostatic peripheral zone, prostatic central gland, inflammatory area and cancerous area were (2.20±0. 29)×10-3 mm2/s, (1.66±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s, (1.95±0.34)×10-3 mm2/s and ( 1.24 ± 0.32) × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in ADC values between the inter-groups (P＜0. 01 ). With ROC cut point setting to 1.49 ×10-3 mm2/s, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer were 86. 8% and 94. 0%, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0. 945±0. 010. Conclusions ADC value might be useful to evaluate prostate cancer. DWI has an important clinical application value in the diagnosis and differentiation of prostate cancer.     

超声波检查对肝脏纤维化分期的诊断价值

目的 了解超声波检查对早期肝硬化的诊断价值及其与肝纤维化程度的相关性。方法２６３例慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者经皮肝脏穿刺活检术行病理组织学检查，同时行空腹肝脏Ｂ型超声波检查肝硬化声像、门静脉主干和脾静脉宽度及脾脏肿大，检查结果经 ｔ检验、ｘ２检验确定统计学意义。结果 ２６３例患者中 ６０例为早期肝硬化，超声波检查对早期肝硬化的诊断灵敏度 ５２．５％，特异度 ８８．３％，误诊率 １１．７０％，漏诊率 ４７．５％，约登指数 ０．５０８；肝纤维化Ｓ１、Ｓ２、Ｓ３、Ｓ４期的门静脉主干宽度分别为（１０．９３± １．２５）ｍｍ、（１１．３５±１．０６）ｍｍ、（１１．２９± １．５２）ｍｍ及（１１．４８±１．２５）ｍｍ，其中以与Ｓ１比较差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）；脾静脉宽度分别（６．５１８±２．０３３）ｍｍ、（７．１９０±１．５６９）ｍｍ、（７．４４４±１．８０５）ｍｍ及（８．４０６±２．２２７）ｍｍ，其中 Ｓ４与 Ｓ２比较差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）；脾脏肿大发生率随肝纤维化程度加重而增加。结论 超声波检查对早期肝硬化的诊断敏感度亟待提高，不足以作为早期肝硬化的常用诊断方法；门静脉主干、脾静脉宽度及脾脏肿大发生率与肝纤维化程度呈正