多巴酚丁胺负荷定量组织速度成像诊断老年冠心病的临床研究

目的 探讨多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图(DSE)与定量组织速度成像(QTVI)相结合诊断老年冠心病的临床价值.方法 98例疑似冠心病老年患者行DSE+QTVI检查,测定不同多巴酚丁胺负荷剂量时左室各节段室壁中段收缩期心肌运动峰值速度(Vpeak),2周内完成冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查.结果 与CAG相比,Vpeak诊断老年人冠心病的敏感性、特异性、精确性分别为82.4%、61.7%、72.4%,Vpeak在多巴酚丁胺20μg/(kg·min)负荷量时其诊断的敏感性和特异性最高,分别为80.4%、81.5%.对于3支冠脉血管的定位诊断均表现为高特异性.结论 多巴酚丁胺负荷定量组织速度成像是一项安全、有效、无创诊断老年冠心病的方法,具有较高的敏感性和特异性.     

组织速度显像技术结合多巴酚丁胺负荷试验对急性心梗患者存活心肌的评价

目的：探讨组织速度成像技术（TV I）结合多巴酚丁胺负荷试验（DSE）评价急性心梗存活心肌的价值。方法：40例AM I患者PC I术前、后接受TV I和DSE检查,测量梗死室壁收缩期峰值速度（VS）、基础状态射血分数（EF）、室壁运动记分指数（WM S I）及DSE中VS、EF及WM S I的变化。结果：以DSE中VS增加值,△VS≥2 cm/s为标准,检测存活心肌的敏感度、特异度和准确度为81%、80%、79%。结论：DSE中,△VS更准确评价心梗后存活心肌和缺血心肌。     

多普勒组织成像评价多巴酚丁胺负荷试验中左心室长轴局部心肌收缩功能

目的　探讨大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验下脉冲多普勒组织成像技术 (PW DTI)评价左心室长轴局部心肌收缩功能的临床价值。方法　冠心病患者 3 0例 (至少 1支冠状动脉主支狭窄≥ 5 0 % ) ,对照组 2 5例 ,均行大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验 ,分别于静息、峰值负荷下将PW DTI取样容积置于侧壁、室间隔、前壁、下壁心肌基底段、中段心内膜下心肌采样 ,获取各节段心肌运动速度曲线。PW DTI测量指标 :收缩期峰值运动速率 (Vs)、收缩期达峰时间 (timetopeakvelocity ,TPV)、收缩期速度时间积分 (velocity timeintegral,VTI)。 结果　根据多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图及冠状动脉造影结果将冠心病组患者心肌节段区分为正常节段与缺血节段。与对照组相应节段 (正常组 )比较 ,静息状态下 ,冠心病缺血节段组与正常组节段间Vs、TPV、VTI并无统计学差异 ;峰值负荷下冠心病缺血节段组各节段Vs、VTI明显减低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而TPV则显著延长 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　PW DTI能准确评价多巴酚丁胺负荷试验中左室长轴局部心肌收缩功能 ,从而准确无创检测冠心病缺血心肌。     

多巴酚丁胺负荷组织速度成像与心肌SPECT诊断老年冠心病的对比观察

目的 以CAG为金标准,与ATP负荷^99mTc-MIBI心肌SPECT对比,探讨多巴酚丁胺负荷定量组织速度成像(DSE+QTVI)诊断老年冠心病的临床价值。 方法 98例入选者接受DSE+QTVI,其中40例接受ATP负荷SPECT检查,并均在2周内接受CAG。在DSE+QTVI检查过程中测定不同多巴酚丁胺负荷剂量时各室壁中段收缩期心肌运动峰值速度(Vpeak)。 结果 Vpeak在多巴酚丁胺20 μg/(kg·min)负荷量时其诊断老年冠心病的敏感度和特异度最高,分别为80.43%、81.58%;在多巴酚丁胺40 μg/(kg·min)负荷剂量时,敏感度和特异度最低,分别为52.94%、69.57%。与ATP负荷SPECT相比,Vpeak诊断老年冠心病的敏感度、特异度略低。 结论 DSE+QTVI诊断老年冠心病是安全、有效、无创的方法。     

多普勒组织成像检测冠心病室壁运动及心肌活性的应用价值

本文报道了应用多普勒组织成像（ＤＴＩ）检测冠心病室壁运动异常，并配合小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图判断心肌活性。结果显示：冠心病室壁运动异常节段的收缩期，舒张期速度均低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。应用小剂量多巴酚丁胺后，１００个异常节段中，３５个节段运动改善（心肌存活组，Ａ组），６５个节段无明显变化（坏死心肌组，Ｂ组）；ＤＴＩ检测Ａ组的收缩期速度Ｖｓ与速度增长率ＶＲ均明显高于Ｂ组。表明ＤＴＩ对心肌缺血及缺血心肌活性的判断有一定价值     

应变率显像结合多巴酚丁胺负荷试验检测心肌缺血的研究

目的探讨在多巴酚丁胺负荷试验下应用超声应变率显像技术(SRI)检测心肌缺血的临床价值。方法对临床可疑冠心病者50例全部行多巴酚丁胺负荷试验和冠状动脉造影检查,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组和正常组,分别在静息状态、各级负荷状态下于心尖两腔及四腔观应用SRI技术测量左室前壁中段和侧壁中段的收缩期峰值应变率,并与冠状动脉造影结果相对照。结果正常组心肌各节段的收缩期峰值应变率随多巴酚丁胺剂量的增加而增加(P<0.05),峰值负荷时应变率达最大;冠心病组缺血节段心肌的收缩期应变率在小剂量时增加,峰值剂量40μg·kg-1·min-1时应变率明显降低(P<0.05)。应变率检测缺血节段的敏感性和特异性分别为90.0%和91.7%。结论应变率显示结合多巴酚丁胺负荷试验会提高心肌缺血的检出率。多巴酚丁胺负荷剂量为40μg·kg-1·min-1时,应变率对心肌缺血的检出最为敏感。     

多巴酚丁胺负荷试验中多普勒组织成像技术的应用价值

目的　静息状态与大剂量多巴酚丁胺 (Dob)负荷状态下 ,采用多普勒组织成像 (DTI)技术观察冠心病患者室壁运动 ,探讨大剂量 Dob负荷试验中 DTI检测冠心病的应用价值。方法　采用 DTI测量大剂量 Dob负荷试验中 32例冠心病患者 (至少 1支冠状动脉主支狭窄≥ 5 0 % )静息状态、峰值负荷下侧壁、后室间隔、前壁、下壁心肌基底段、中段心内膜下心肌运动频谱 ,对照组 2 5例相应节段作对照。 DTI分析指标 :收缩期峰值运动速度 (Vs)。结果　选择性冠状动脉造影结果将冠心病组患者心肌节段区分为正常节段与缺血节段。静息状态下 ,冠心病缺血节段(abnormal,A组 )与对照组相应正常节段 (normal,N组 )间 Vs无显著性差异 ;与 N组比较 ,峰值负荷下 A组各节段 Vs明显降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;以选择性冠状动脉造影为诊断冠心病的金标准 ,将峰值负荷下基底段心肌 Vs≤ 11.5 cm/ s,中段心肌 Vs≤ 9.5 cm/s为诊断冠状动脉狭窄的截断值 ,DTI结合大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性、准确率分别为 85 .7%、84 .0 %、 84 .8% ;与常规多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图中室壁运动评分 (WMS)比较 ,DTI结合大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验诊断冠状动脉狭窄的特异性与其并无显著差异 ;而敏感性、准确率显著增高 (P<0 .0 1)。结     

多巴酚丁胺负荷定量组织追踪技术诊断老年冠心病的临床研究

目的探讨多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图(DSE)与定量组织追踪技术(TT)相结合诊断老年冠心病的临床价值。方法 98例疑似冠心病老年患者行DSE+TT检查,测定不同多巴酚丁胺负荷剂量时各室壁中段收缩期心肌峰值位移(Dpeak),2周内行冠状动脉造影后将所有患者分成冠心病组与正常组,并将两组Dpeak进行比较研究。结果冠心病组在10、20μg·kg-1·min-1这两个负荷剂量时前壁、前间隔、侧壁、后壁Dpeak小于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组下壁Dpeak在其他任何负荷剂量时差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与冠状动脉造影比较,Dpeak诊断老年人冠心病的敏感度、特异度、准确性分别为82.4%、61.7%、72.4%,Dpeak在多巴酚丁胺40μg·kg-1·min-1负荷剂量时其诊断的敏感度和特异度最高,分别为88.2%、69.5%。结论多巴酚丁胺负荷定量组织追踪成像是一项安全、有效、无创诊断老年冠心病的方法。     

定量组织速度成像技术—多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图对室壁运动异常的评价

目的 通过定量组织速度成像技术（QTVI）结合多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图（DSE）诱导的室壁运动异常与冠状动脉造影结果相对照，分析室壁运动异常与冠脉血供的关系。方法 对68例临床疑诊为冠心病的患者进行定量组织速度成像技术一多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图及冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查，判定室壁运动异常的部位、范围及病变血管。结果 本组68例患者中以冠状动脉造影为标准，定量组织速度成像技术—多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图诊断冠心病的敏感性85．7％，特异性89．4％，准确性86．7％。结论 应用定量组织速度成像技术—多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图能较准确的评价室壁运动异常及对应血供关系，是诊断冠心病的一种安全、简单、经济的有效方法。     

组织速度成像与应变率成像技术在多巴酚丁胺负荷试验中应用价值的对比研究

目的比较定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术与应变率成像(SRI)技术在大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验(DSE)中诊断心肌缺血的应用价值。方法49例疑诊冠心病患者,分别于静息、10、20、30、40μg.kg-1.min-1多巴酚丁胺负荷下获取心尖两腔、四腔观清晰组织速度成像图。脱机分析侧壁、室间隔、前壁、下壁心肌基底段、中段心内膜下心肌QTVI与SRI曲线,QTVI测量参数为收缩期峰值运动速度(VS)和舒张早期峰值运动速度(VE),SRI测量参数为收缩期峰值应变率(SRSYS)和最大应变(εMAX)。结果根据常规HDDSE与冠状动脉造影结果,将冠心病组患者心肌节段区分为正常节段与缺血节段(缺血组);与对照组正常节段(正常组)比较,静息状态下,缺血组与正常组节段间VS、VE、SRSYS、εMAX差异无统计学意义;峰值负荷时,与正常组各节段比较,缺血组各节段VS、VE、SRSYS、εMAX明显减低(P<0.05)。以选择性冠状动脉造影为诊断冠心病的金标准,将峰值负荷下基底段心肌VS≤9.6cm/s,中段心肌VS≤8.3cm/s,SRSYS≤-2.6s-1为诊断冠状动脉狭窄的截断值,DSE中QTVI诊断心肌缺血的敏感性、特异性分别为80.8%、80.4%;DSE中SRI诊断心肌缺血的敏感性、特异性分别为83.6%、85.7%。与QTVI比较,DSE中SRI诊断心肌缺血的敏感性与特异性显著增高(P<0.01)。结论DSE中QTVI与SRI技术均能准确、无创检测冠心病缺血心肌,SRI技术敏感性、特异性更高。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.