用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术研究不同地理株埃及伊蚊的分化

目的 用RAPD技术对实验室饲养的广东、海南、台湾和印尼Baro等4个不同地理株的8只雌蚊进行随机扩增多态DNA分析。方法 随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术。结果 选用20个随机引物进行扩增，有8个引物表现清晰的RAPD谱带并呈显著多态性。UPGMA法构建的分子系统树表明埃及伊蚊4个地理株之间存在着一定程度的遗传分化。结论 用RAPD方法可以区分不同地理株埃及伊蚊。     

我国不同地理株白纹伊蚊对登革病毒的易感性

本文用棉球病毒悬液法感染白纹伊蚊,比较了我国9个不同地理株白纹伊蚊对经口感染登革病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ型的易感性。实验结果表明,我国不同地理株白纹伊蚊对经口感染登革病毒的易感性有差别。海口株对三个血清型登革病毒均较易感,北京株和成都株分别对登革病毒Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型较易感,各地理株白纹伊蚊对登革病毒Ⅱ型的易感性普遍较高。本文还用蚊胸内病毒接种技术,比较了我国9个不同地理株白纹伊蚊对胸内接种感染登革病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ型的易感性,结果胸内接种各型登革病毒的易感性未见明显差异,提示经口感染易感性的差别是中肠屏障的作用。本文所采用的蚊脑涂片间接免疫荧光技术检测蚊脑内登革病毒抗原的方法,蚊脑组织在玻片上分布较均匀,可避免蚊头外骨骼对脑组织的遮盖,似比蚊头压片法易于观察结果,有利于提高检出率。     

天津港区白纹伊蚊调查报告

目的 了解天津港区及周边地区白纹伊蚊的存在情况；方法 集卵器采集法和人工诱捕法。结果 12个采集点共捕到白纹伊蚊89只，收集到的蚊子幼虫共羽化出白纹伊蚊139只；结论 白纹伊蚊在天津港区及其周边地区已经存在。说明这一地区的气候环境完全适合白纹伊蚊的生长繁殖。     

不同地理株白纹伊蚊mtDNA-COI基因特征研究

目的 探讨不同地理株白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(mtDNA-COI)基因序列特征、种群差异和分化程度.方法 扩增不同地理株白纹伊蚊mtDNA-COI,并从网上下载部分白纹伊蚊mtDNA-COI进行序列测定、分析和比对.结果 ①获得mtDNA-COI长度为415 bp,碱基A+...     

中国不同地理株白纹伊蚊细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因序列比较

目的：比较中国不同地理株白纹伊蚊细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因序列，从分子水平探讨不同地理株对登革病毒(DV)易感性的差异。方法：用聚合酶链反应从蚊虫基因组DNA扩增出COⅠ基因片段并进行克隆测序；用邻接法进行分子系统发育分析。结果：各地理株白纹伊蚊COⅠ基因片段序列长度均为415bp，所测各株序列均无缺失。云南思茅株的碱基转换率为1．93％，颠换率为0．24％。贵州麻尾株和广西南宁株的转换率为0．48％。各地理株中思茅株与麻尾株关系较近，麻尾株与南宁株关系较近，其余11个地理株均为同型株。结论：蚊虫对DV的易感性与多种因素有关，包括遗传及生态学方面(如季节气候、地理环境、人类活动等)的因素。在中国大多数白纹伊蚊为同型基因，其对DV的易感性尚无直接对应关系。     

白纹伊蚊对登革病毒垂直传递能力研究

目的利用细胞及分子生物学技术，研究白纹伊蚊贵州省贵阳、兴义、毕节株对1—4型登革病毒（DEN1—4）的垂直传递能力。方法采集贵州省贵阳、兴义、毕节市市郊自然界白纹伊蚊，驯化3代。分别取羽化后3～5d龄成蚊为实验组，白纹伊蚊海南株为对照组；用DEN1—4国际参考株分别感染各组蚊虫，将感染后亲代及子1～3代成蚊制备蚊悬液，接种C6／36进行病毒分离并鉴定；间接免疫荧光法检测DEN抗原；常规方法提取总RNA。利用DENNS1基因区通用引物经逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测DEN核酸，限制性内切酶酶切分型。结果白纹伊蚊贵阳、兴义、毕节、海南株亲代蚊虫均对DEN易感；白纹伊蚊兴义株与海南株均能垂直传递DEN-1、4到子3代。传递DEN-3到子2代，白纹伊蚊兴义株能垂直传递DEN-2到子3代，白纹伊蚊贵阳．株能垂直传递DEN-1到子3代，传递DEN-2、3、4到子2代，白纹伊蚊毕节株能垂直传递DEN-1到子2代，DEN-4至子3代，未发现能垂直传递DEN-2、3。结论对DEN1—4易感的白纹伊蚊贵阳、兴义、毕节株能垂直传递DEN，且对DEN的垂直传递能力与其地理来源有关；贵州省3个地方株的白纹伊蚊卵可在干燥室温条件下越冬保存DEN。     

白纹伊蚊微卫星标记的筛选及种群遗传研究

目的 筛选出有效的白纹伊蚊微卫星标记（SSR），并利用这些SSR分析六个不同地区白纹伊蚊种群遗传特征。 方法 通过文献查找已公布于数据库的白纹伊蚊SSR位点，利用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和生物信息学的方法选定白纹伊蚊SSR，ABI3730测序白纹伊蚊基因组中的这些SSR位点，通过STRUCTURE聚类分析和系统进化树分析六个不同地区种群遗传结构。 结果 查阅文献共找到49个已公布于数据库的白纹伊蚊SSR位点，选取最近发表的29个SSR做PCR鉴定，选取了其中16个多态性高且均匀分布在染色体上的SSR位点，利用这16个SSR位点对6个不同白纹伊蚊种群进行种群遗传分析。分析结果显示地理距离相近的种群遗传距离较近，并确定了最优类群数为2，可将这6个种群分为两个类群，南北方的白纹伊蚊种群分别聚为一个类群。 结论 通过PCR和生物信息学的方法筛选出的白纹伊蚊SSR位点，能够应用于白纹伊蚊种群遗传研究，并将本研究的6个不同白纹伊蚊种群成功地划分为南北两个类群。     

利用DNA条形码技术对口岸白纹伊蚊的分子溯源研究

目的 建立国境口岸白纹伊蚊的分子溯源方法,区分不同地理种群的白纹伊蚊。方法 选择国境口岸采集点,采集白纹伊蚊,经形态学鉴定后,单只蚊提取基因组DNA,进行PCR扩增COI基因序列,产物经电泳鉴定后,进行双向测序。序列经分析后,去除引物序列和不稳定序列,拼接后提交至NCBI和BOLD数据库进行比对,并使用MAGE 7.0建立系统进化树进行分析。结果 获得青岛、厦门、磨憨3个国境口岸共86只白纹伊蚊蚊的COI基因序列,经分析3个口岸白纹伊蚊COI基因序列基本可以区分开。结论 本研究初步建立了国境口岸白纹伊蚊的分子溯源方法。     

我国蚊虫中昆虫共生微生物Wolbachia感染的研究

目的：研究我国蚊虫中昆虫共生微生物Wolbachia的感染情况。方法：采用依据Wolbachia的wsp基因序列建立的PCR分组检测方法，对我国蚊科中库蚊属、伊蚊属和按蚊属中一些蚊虫种类进行了检测。结果：库蚊属中尖音库蚊复组4个亚种的实验室种群和伊蚊属中的白纹伊蚊的4个地理株种群均有感染，感染的Wolbachia株属B组中的pip组；同时在白纹伊蚊种群中还发现了有A组和B组Wolbachia的双重感染；而同时检测的三带喙库蚊，刺扰伊蚊，埃及伊蚊的2个地理株，中华按蚊和斯氏按蚊没有发现Wolbachia的感染。结论：本研究应用该方法，成功地对我国蚊虫体内感染的Wolbachia株进行了检测与分组。     

新型登革热媒介监测方法的研究

目的通过研究，尝试用新型的诱蚊诱卵器法取代传统的布雷图指数（BI）调查。方法诱蚊诱卵器法。同时进行BI、房屋指数（HI）、容器指数（CI）调查。结果212月布放的诱蚊诱卵器可诱获白纹伊蚊，诱蚊诱卵器阳性指数为0．21～22．64，平均7．88；BI、CI、HI分别为0．18-12．13、0．30-18．52和0．12～7．01，白纹伊蚊成蚊高峰期出现在8月。每个阳性诱蚊诱卵器诱获白纹伊蚊最多4只，最少1只，平均1．2只；每只白纹伊蚊产卵最多156粒，最少2粒，平均20．58粒。结论诱蚊诱卵器法比BI调查法更具科学性、实用性、预警性，可用于登革热媒介监测。     

西北地区白纹伊蚊地理分布初步调查

目的调查了解白纹伊蚊在西北地区的分布。方法帐诱、人诱法、畜诱法、网捕法和文献资料收集。结果白纹伊蚊在陕西省除陕北黄土高原外遍布大部分地区;甘肃省仅在文县、康县、徽县、成县和两当县发现有白纹伊蚊;在宁夏和青海采集的大量标本中没有发现白纹伊蚊。结论白纹伊蚊在西北地区分布的界限有向西扩大。     

Infestation of S. Paulo State, Brazil, by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of the distance between infested and non-infested areas in the geographical spread of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictuspopulations in the state of S. Paulo. Regional patterns were also studied, considering the determinants related to soil occupation. METHODS: Information related to the counties in the state of S. Paulo where were concentrations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and counties infested up to the end of each year (1985 to 1995), both in the state of S. Paulo and in the neighboring states, were used. Four indicators were defined to analyze the infestation process. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: The analysis indicated the contribution of the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná for the initial Ae. aegypti infestation in the state of S. Paulo and Ae. albopictus infestation in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. In the counties where there was a concentration of these species, their establishment was more frequent among those closer to the infested area. Seventy-five percent of the counties where there were established populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were situated up to 34 km and 60 km, respectively, from the nearest infested county. The analysis of the geographical spread rate of the Ae. aegypti revealed three different large areas with unexpected patterns: the area with greater demographic population density (east of the state) had the lower rate of geographical mosquito spread, indicating the existence of other factors with preponderant influence on the macro-regional patterns. For Ae. albopictus, there was no evidence of a relationship between their geographical spread patterns and the demographic population density.     

广州市自然界白纹伊蚊携带登革热病毒情况分析

目的通过对广州地区登革热媒介白纹伊蚊进行携带登革热病毒情况的调查，从传播媒介的角度探索该地区登革热流行的来源和特点。方法采集广州市各区新旧疫点附近的白纹伊蚊幼虫标本，饲养为成蚊后提取蚊虫总RNA，用登革热病毒特异引物经实时荧光逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）进行病毒核酸检测，并对阳性结果反应产物进行序列测定。结果在荔湾区逢源街（2006年8月）、从化市邓村（2007年4月）和白云区云溪（2007年5月）各检出1宗登革热病毒核酸阳性蚊虫标本。其中荔湾区逢源街和从化邓村标本的RT—PCR产物经过序列测定证实为登革热病毒I型。结论广州地区登革热病毒可能在自然界白纹伊蚊种群中长期存在。     

Diversity of oviposition containers and buildings where Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti can be found

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diversity of oviposition containers and buildings where females of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti can be found. METHODS: A study was carried out in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southern Brazil, between 2002 and 2003. Larvae in different types of buildings were investigated, and immature forms found were then sent to the laboratory for identification. The larval frequency for both mosquitoes was estimated in the oviposition containers available. The Breteau index and the building infestation index were calculated and differences were tested using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The types of buildings that were positive for Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti were: dwellings (83.9%); churches, schools, clubs (6.8%); vacant land (6.4%); and businesses (2.8%). Of 9,153 larvae collected, 12.0% were Aedes albopictus and 88.0% were Aedes aegypti. Aedes albopictus were mostly found in drains (25.4%); cans, bottles, empty bottles (23.9%); and plant vases (16.2%). Aedes aegypti was much more frequently found than Aedes albopictus (chi(2)=145.067; p<0.001). Both species were significantly more frequent in artificial than in natural oviposition containers (chi(2)=31.46; p<0.001). The building infestation index and Breteau index for Aedes albopictus were 0.3% and 0.28% in 2002 and 0.4% and 0.5 in 2003, respectively. For Aedes aegypti, they were 1.0%, 1.16 in 2002 and 3.5% and 4.35 in 2003, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present study assessed the frequencies of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti females in various types of oviposition containers and types of buildings. The abundant availability of artificial containers in dwellings, associated with the capacity of Ae. albopictus to be also found in natural oviposition containers, has greatly contributed for their gradual adaptation to human environment.     

Record of Aedes albopictus in Nebraska with notes on its biology.

Adult Aedes albopictus were collected in Nebraska on August 10, 1992, at a scrap tire pile in Douglas County. Subsequent collections in 1992 revealed the presence of adult Ae. albopictus at a tire storage yard in West Point, NE. During 1995 and 1996, an ecological study of Ae. albopictus at the West Point site was conducted. Aedes albopictus populations were determined to be able to survive winter conditions in this region.     

白纹伊蚊对3种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗药性调查

目的了解广州市登革热媒介白纹伊蚊对3种常用拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗药性现状,为合理使用杀虫剂提供依据。方法在广州市3个区采集白纹伊蚊幼虫,在实验室繁殖1~2代后,采用WHO成蚊滤纸接触法,观察蚊虫死亡率,测定其对3种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗药性。结果荔湾区白纹伊蚊成蚊对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯产生了抗性;天河区和从化区成蚊对氯菊酯敏感,而对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯则具初步抗性。结论对于此次试验中的3个区来说,在氯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯这3种杀虫剂中,氯菊酯的药效较好,天河区和从化区成蚊对此较为敏感,可作为目前首选使用的杀虫剂;从化区成蚊整体上来说对这3种杀虫剂的敏感性较高;天河区成蚊对于高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯抗药性强于从化区,荔湾区成蚊对于3种杀虫剂抗性最强。     

Aedes albopictus in Allende City, Nuevo Léon, Mexico.

Nuevo León was the only 1 of the 3 northeastern states of Mexico where Aedes albopictus previously had not been shown to occur. However, of 195 samples of larval Aedes received during 1997 from the State Health Laboratory for identification from the 7th Sanitary District, Allende City, Nuevo León, 53 (27.2%) were identified as Ae. albopictus.