基于生物信息学分析筛选胃癌的诊断及预后标志物

目的 本研究旨在通过生物信息学方法筛选新的胃癌诊断及预后标志物.方法 从GEO数据库GSE54129和TCGA-STAD数据集中筛选重叠差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs).通过GO和KEGG通路分析,探讨这些基因的功能.利用蛋白质相互作用网络分析确认DEGs之间的枢纽...     

tRNA衍生片段作为肿瘤诊断性及预后评估生物标志物的研究进展

癌症是全球范围内死亡的第2大原因,而癌症患者前期症状不明显以及预后较差是导致患者死亡的主要因素。因此,寻找有效的诊断性及预后评估的生物标志物对于降低癌症发生率以及提高预后准确性都具有十分重要的意义。tRNA衍生片段是一类新的非编码RNA,在癌症生物学中具有重要的调控作用。主要对tRNA衍生片段在肿瘤发生、发展及预后过程中作为生物标志物的研究进展进行综述,为癌症的诊断和预后评估提供理论基础。     

ATP4A联合ATP4B可作为胃癌早期诊断及判断预后的生物标志物

目的 利用生物信息学筛选出潜在的具有早期诊断及判断胃癌预后的生物标志物。方法 应用GEO2R从GEO数据集筛选出差异表达基因,应用GO/KEGG进行功能富集分析,使用STRING工具生成蛋白互作网络,再利用Cytoscape的MCODE插件鉴定出Hub基因。使用HPA分析Hub基因在胃癌组织中的表达情况,基于Kaplan-Meier分析预后生存曲线。结果 从GSE13911、GSE19826、GSE29272三个数据集得到105个有交集的DEGs,它们主要参与代谢途径。筛选出蛋白互作节点共75个,最后得到10个Hub基因,其中发现ATP4A和ATP4B有明显相关性(r=0.699,P<0.001),且发现ATP4A和ATP4B在胃癌组织细胞浆中表达升高,与预后差呈正相关。结论 ATP4A和ATP4B可能作为胃癌潜在的早期诊断及判断预后的生物标志物。     

microRNA作为脓毒症早期诊断生物标志物的研究进展

microRNA(miRNA)是一类长度约为22 nt的内源性非编码RNA,其表达异常可能导致炎性反应失衡。在脓毒症期间,miR-146a、miR-223和miR-150表达水平降低,而miR-15a和miR-16表达增高。脓毒症患者外周血中miRNA表达水平的异常与患者病情密切相关,因此,miRNA能否作为脓毒症早期诊断的生物标志物备受关注,并已初步取得可喜成果。     

miRNA作为骨棘球蚴病诊断标志物的研究进展

骨棘球蚴病通常由细粒棘球绦虫和多房棘球绦虫引起,人类在食用被虫卵污染的食物或水时被感染,骨棘球蚴病的治疗一般包括手术和药物治疗,但治疗时间长、费用高,给患者造成了沉重负担。微小RNA(miRNA)已知参与多种生物过程和宿主-寄主相互作用,包括发育、细胞生长和死亡、寿命的相关靶点调节、转录、信号转导和细胞运动,这将有助于研究人员找到治疗和控制骨棘球蚴病的新策略和靶点。为进一步了解骨棘球蚴病,认清棘球绦虫在最终宿主和中间宿主中发育过程的分子基础至关重要,在细粒棘球绦虫、多房棘球绦虫中发现的miRNA在其各自宿主的表达调控中具有基因和发育阶段特异性。主要对miRNA作为骨棘球蚴病诊断标志物的研究进展进行综述。     

循环microRNA作为乳腺癌标志物的研究进展

microRNA(miR)是一种短链(18—25个核苷酸)非编码RNA,存在于人体细胞内和体液中。可抑制靶基因翻译或导致mRNAs降解,因而在基因表达调控中发挥重要作用。大量研究显示,miR通过负向调控癌基因或抑癌基因表达在肿瘤进展过程中发挥抑癌基因或癌基因的功能。最近有研究发现,肿瘤患者(包括乳腺癌)血清/血浆中循环miR的表达与正常人群存在显著性差异,因而可能具有诊断肿瘤的临床价值,尤其在肿瘤的早期筛查和诊断中可能有较好的应用前景。     

循环miRNAs作为骨骼肌对运动反应与适应的生物标志物的可能性

背景：运动对机体产生刺激反应和生物学适应,对骨骼肌和心肌中的mi RNAs表达水平产生影响。不同运动方式能诱导不同的生物适应,比较而言离心收缩运动相对于向心收缩运动对肌肉刺激更大、生物学效应更积极。mi RNAs是短的非编码RNA,通过调节转录后的基因表达来影响生物过程。在大多数体液中有稳定存在的循环mi RNAs,对运动类型和强度有高度敏感性和特异性。目的：综述不同运动类型对循环mi RNAs表达水平的影响,分析了循环mi RNAs作为骨骼肌对运动反应与适应的生物标志物的可能性,以期为运动训练和运动促进健康过程中的干预提供参考。方法：检索有关骨骼肌mi RNAs、循环mi RNAs、运动对mi RNAs影响的文献,以“exercise;myomi RNAs;ci-mi RNAs;HIIT;biomarker”为关键词,在Pub Med、Web of Science等数据库进行检索;以“运动、mi RNAs、myomi RNAs、ci-mi RNAs、反应、生物标志物”为关键词,在CNKI、万方、维普等数据库进行检索。对检索获得的全部文献阅读、分析、判断,最终纳入符合标准的86篇文献进...     

肿瘤标志物在乳腺癌诊断及预后中的应用

肿瘤标志物已广泛应用于乳腺癌的诊断及预后.本综述总结了肿瘤抗原15-3 (CA15-3)、人表皮生长因子受体2( HER2)、雌激素受体(ER)及黄体酮受体(PR)等经典乳腺癌标志物的临床应用现状及新兴乳腺癌生物标志的临床价值.多标志物的联合检测较单一标志物有更高的灵敏度及特异性,将成为今后乳腺癌标志物的临床应用趋势.     

胶质瘤预后相关分子标志物的研究进展

<正>神经胶质瘤,是原发于中枢神经系统的一类最常见的肿瘤。尽管在过去的几十年中,神经胶质瘤的治疗已有很大进展,但是大多数患者的临床结局仍然很差,尤其是胶质母细胞瘤(GBM),中位生存期只有14.6个月,经过及时、有效的治疗,只有5%~10%的患者生存期可以达到两年~[1]。近年来,手术联合放疗和替硝唑胺化疗已经成为胶质母     

Circular RNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in gastric cancer: A meta-analysis review

PurposeGastric cancer is a malignant tumor in the world and circRNA has a close connection with it. However, the effects of circRNA on gastric cancer is still not clear.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science and Embase for published experimental studies about circRNA from 2013 to June 2018 was conducted with two investigators. Diagnostic OR (DOR) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy by STATA 12.0.ResultsTotal 11 studies were found, including 12 kinds of circRNAs, 11 in tissues, 5 in plasma, and all down regulated. The combined DOR and AUC (Area Under the Curve of Receiver Operating Characteristic) with their 95%CI were 8.778 [6.108, 12.614] and 0.81 [0.78, 0.84] respectively, indicating that circRNAs can reflect gastric cancer as well. Subgroup analysis revealed that circRNAs in plasma were higher than tissues as well as in subgroup with different sample sizes. We speculated that the heterogeneity of the literatures was mainly due to the different backgrounds of gastric cancer and the differences in experimental design and operation process. And the Deeks’ funnel map revealed there was no obvious public biasness in the literature.ConclusionCircRNAs have high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, and it may become an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker of gastric cancer.     

DNA methylation biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic tools in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and is responsible for 9 % of cancer deaths in both men and women in the USA for 2013. It is a heterogenous disease, and its three classification types are microsatellite instability, chromosomal instability, and CpG island methylator phenotype. Biomarkers are molecules, which can be used as indicators of cancer. They have the potential to achieve great sensitivities and specificities in diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. DNA methylation biomarkers are epigenetic markers, more specifically genes that become silenced after aberrant methylation of their promoter in CRC. Some methylation biomarkers like SEPT9 (ColoVantage®) and vimentin (ColoSure^TM) are already commercially available. Other blood and fecal-based biomarkers are currently under investigation and clinical studies so that they can be used in the near future. Biomarker panels are also currently being studied since they show great potential in diagnosis as they can combine robust biomarkers to achieve even greater sensitivities than single markers. Finally, methylation-sensitive microRNAs (miRNAs) are very promising markers, and their investigation as biomarkers, is only at primitive stage.     

TIGIT and PD-1 may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer

Gastric Cancer (GC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world, and in urgent need of specific therapeutic targets to acquire prominent effectiveness. T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine–based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are identified to be abnormally overexpressed in various types of cancers including GC. This study aimed to investigate whether TIGIT and PD-1 could serve as potential prognostic biomarkers for GC. Firstly, TCGA GC dataset analysis and correlation analysis were utilized to inspect the relationship between expression of TIGIT, PD-1 and CD8 + T cells in GC and adjacent normal tissues. Then, flow cytometry was used to verify the data after collecting the peripheral blood, GC and adjacent normal tissues from 150 GC patients. Lastly, quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of CD155, CD113, CD112 and TIGIT in six human GC cell lines and 631 GC patients in KM Plotter Database to conduct prognostic analysis. As results, we found that TIGIT and PD-1 were upregulated in GC tissues with high CD8 + T cells infiltration, while correlation analysis indicated they were in high-positive correlation. In addition, the flow cytometry analysis further showed that the high-expression of TIGIT in tumor microenvironment of GC could suppress the function of infiltrative CD8 + T cells, which leads to the escape of GC cells from immune killing. Furthermore, CD155 and CD112 were found abnormally upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines and the high expression of CD155, CD112 and TIGIT demonstrated poor prognosis results. In conclusion, these results provided potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for treatment of GC in clinic.     

Circular RNAs as diagnostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is one of the causes of death in the world. Unfortunately, common imaging technologies did not succeed in identifying this disease, and because of the absence of sensitive and specific biomarkers, it is not possible to screen and diagnose the disease. Therefore, this disease is usually diagnosed when patient is at an advanced stage of cancer and has lost the chance of surgery, and routine treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not very effective. For this reason, the discovery of new biomarkers to overcome the diagnostic and therapeutic problems of pancreatic cancer is essential. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been introduced as a group of noncoding RNAs that can play the role of critical regulators in various human diseases including cancer. A lot of studies revealed that circRNAs can have diverse roles in various cancers, including breast, colorectal, lung, renal, gastric, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The results of these researches have demonstrated that change in circRNAs expression levels in the tumor cells affects carcinogenesis, the stages of progression and metastasis of cancer through various mechanisms. Given that several studies have tested the role of circRNAs in pancreatic cancer, we decided to review the mechanisms proposed in these studies to conclude and summarize the work done in this regard.     

Cell‐free microRNAs as diagnostic,prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, accounting for over 1.37 million deaths annually. The clinical outcome and management of lung cancer patients could be substantially improved by the implementation of non‐invasive biomarker assays for the early detection, prognosis as well as prediction and monitoring of treatment response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of virtually all signaling circuits within a cell and their dysregulation has been shown to play an essential role in the development and progression of cancer. Recently, miRNAs were found to be released into the circulation and to exist there in a remarkably stable form. Furthermore, various cancers were shown to leave specific miRNA fingerprints in the blood of patients suggesting that cell‐free miRNAs could serve as non‐invasive biomarkers for the detection or monitoring of cancer and putative therapeutic targets. Since that, a considerable effort has been devoted to decode the information carried by circulating miRNAs. In the current review, we give an insight into the mechanisms of miRNA release into the bloodstream, their putative functional significance and systematically review the studies focused on the identification of cell‐free miRNAs with the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive significance in lung cancer and discuss their potential clinical utility. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Review of diagnostic,prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in melanoma

Melanoma is an aggressive cutaneous malignancy with rapidly rising incidence. Diagnosis of controversial melanocytic lesions, correct prognostication of patients, selection of appropriate adjuvant and systemic therapies, and prediction of response to a given therapy remain very real challenges. Despite these challenges, multiple high throughput, nucleic-acid based biomarkers have been developed that can be assayed from histologic tissue specimens. FISH, CGH, Decision-Dx, and other multi-marker assays have been combined to improve overall predictability. This review discusses some of the most promising nucleic acid based assays that can be obtained from tissue specimens to assist with diagnosis, prognostication, and prediction of treatment response.     

Circulating small noncoding RNAs as biomarkers of aging

Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) mediate a variety of cellular functions in animals and plants. Deep sequencing has made it possible to obtain highly detailed information on the types and abundance of sncRNAs in biological specimens, leading to the discovery that sncRNAs circulate in the blood of humans and mammals. The most abundant types of circulating sncRNAs are microRNAs (miRNAs), 5′ transfer RNA (tRNA) halves, and YRNA fragments, with minute amounts of other types that may nevertheless be significant. Of the more abundant circulating sncRNAs only miRNAs have well described functions, but characteristics of the others suggest specific processing and secretion as complexes that protect the RNA from degradation. The properties of circulating sncRNAs are consistent with their serving as signaling molecules, and investigations of circulating miRNAs support the view that they can enter cells and regulate cellular functions. The serum levels of specific sncRNAs change markedly with age, and these changes can be mitigated by calorie restriction (CR), indicating that levels are under physiologic control. The ability of circulating sncRNAs to transmit functions between cells and to regulate a broad spectrum of cellular functions, and the changes in their levels with age, implicate them in the manifestations of aging. Our understanding of the functions of circulating sncRNA, particularly in relation to aging, is currently at a very early stage; results to date suggest that more extensive investigation will yield important insights into mechanisms of aging.     

The diagnostic and prognostic significance of long noncoding RNAs expression in thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common malignant endocrine-related cancer with an increasing trend worldwide. Therefore, it’s in urgent need to find new markers for prognosis and diagnosis. Many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be aberrantly expressed in TC, and may serve as biomarkers. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to systematically summarize the relationship between lncRNA expressions and TC.