正交试验法优选通窍活血颗粒剂的提取工艺

目的优选通窍活血颗粒剂的提取工艺。方法采用正交试验法,以通窍活血颗粒剂中的干膏得率、芍药苷和羟基红花黄色素A含量作为考核指标,优选提取工艺中的加水量、煎煮时间和煎煮次数3个因素。结果优选出的最佳提取工艺为：加8倍量的水,提取2次,第1次1.5 h,第2次1 h。结论该提取工艺稳定、可行。     

正交设计优选活血贴的最佳提取工艺

目的:优选活血贴的最佳提取工艺.方法:采用出膏率及阿魏酸的含量为评价指标,以正交试验法L9(34)优选提取工艺参数.结果:乙醇浓度为主要影响因素,其余均为次要因素.确定最佳工艺为:加70％乙醇4倍量,提取2次,每次1h.结论:在所选因素水平范围内,乙醇浓度对本方提取效果影响最大,所选条件提取工艺稳定,可行.     

正交试验法优选大血藤提取工艺

目的优选大血藤的最佳提取工艺。方法以干膏得率和红景天苷的含量为指标,采用正交设计法考察溶剂用量、提取时间以及提取次数对干膏得率和红景天苷含量的影响,确定最佳提取工艺。结果最佳提取工艺参数为:加6倍量水,提取3次,每次提取1h。结论优选的提取工艺切实可行,可以作为大血藤的提取工艺。     

强腰健骨膏提取工艺研究

目的优选强腰健骨膏最佳提取工艺。方法采用正交试验L9(34)法,以D101大孔吸附树脂-比色法对正交试验回流液中人参总皂苷进行含量测定,以浸膏得率和人参总皂苷含量为指标,优选强腰健骨膏中药材提取的最佳条件。结果优选出强腰健骨膏最佳提取工艺为:加生药的16倍量85%乙醇,回流2次,每次2h。结论该提取工艺合理,具有实际应用价值。     

活血散结合剂的提取工艺研究

目的考察活血散结合剂的提取工艺。方法采用正交试验,以黄芪甲苷含量、总黄酮含量、干膏收率为指标,考察加水量、煎煮时间、煎煮次数等因素对活血散结合剂有效成分提取的影响。结果优选出了活血散结合剂的合理提取工艺为:每次加8倍量水、煎煮3次、每次煎煮60 min。结论优选出的提取工艺科学、经济,可用于指导生产,具有可操作性。     

多指标综合评分法优选止嗽方提取工艺

目的:优选止嗽方最佳的水提取工艺。方法:采用正交试验设计提取工艺,高效液相色谱法测定止嗽方中桔梗皂苷、黄芩苷和芍药苷的含量,以有效成分及干膏量为考察对象,并应用多指标综合评分法进行数据分析,优选出最佳的提取工艺条件。结果:优选的最佳提取工艺为加入6倍量水,不浸泡,提取3次,每次提取1 h。结论:采用多指标综合评分法优选止嗽方提取工艺简单、方便、可行。     

消湿膏提取工艺研究

目的优选消湿膏的最佳水提工艺。方法以加水量、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素,以干浸膏得率、羟基萘醌总色素作为指标性成分,采用正交试验优选最佳提取工艺。结果消湿膏的最佳水提工艺为8倍的加水量,提取时间为1.5 h,提取次数为2次。结论优选的水提工艺稳定、可行。     

正交试验优选提取连翘中抗龋抗口腔溃疡成分的最佳工艺条件

目的:优选从连翘中提取以熊果酸为考察指标的提取物的最佳工艺.方法:正交试验法.结果:最佳提取工艺为药材6倍量乙醇,回流2次,氢氧化钠溶液的质量浓度为30 g/L,溶液用量为膏量3倍,溶液温度:(40±5)℃,膏密度:1.02.结论:用正交试验法可以优选出从连翘中提取以熊果酸为考察指标的提取物的最佳工艺条件.     

正交试验法优选山芪营养颗粒的提取工艺

目的优选山芪营养颗粒的最佳提取工艺。方法以出膏率、总多糖含量为评价指标,采用正交试验法优选山芪营养颗粒的提取工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为:药材加8倍量水,提取3次,每次1.5 h。结论优选山芪营养颗粒的提取工艺经济、合理,稳定可行。     

丹黄消炎膏提取工艺的研究

[目的]优选丹黄消炎膏的最佳提取工艺。[方法]通过L9(34)正交实验,以丹黄消炎膏的提取干膏率及其中绿原酸含量的综合评价为指标,确定最佳提取工艺。[结果]最佳提取工艺为药材加10倍量水,提取3次,每次2 h。[结论]优选得到的提取工艺稳定可行。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.