从“虚、浊、热、瘀”辨证痛风浅谈

目前中医学术界对痛风发病的认识尚未一致。学习先贤理论、治验及阅读大量文献,结合临证实践的体会,认为"虚、浊、热、瘀"是痛风发生发展的病机关键。本病的病因病机为脾肾亏虚,加之平素嗜食膏粱厚味,或饮酒、劳欲过度,日久湿浊内停而发病。脾失健运则升清降浊无权,肾失气化则分清泌浊失司,人体水液不能正常运化,导致湿浊热毒内生,阻于骨骼、经络、关节,致血行不畅,血滞为瘀,浊瘀互结而成。本病以脾肾亏虚为本,湿浊、瘀热痹阻经脉、骨节为标,本虚标实。     

针灸刺骨法治疗痛风临床思路探析

通过对痛风及骨痹的临床表现与病因病机的分析及比较,认为痛风的基本病机为脾肾亏虚、脾失健运,湿热痰浊瘀阻经脉,与骨痹相似,可将痛风归为"骨痹"范畴。治疗上应从脾肾入手,强调清热利湿泻浊、祛邪通经止痛,可参考"骨痹"的治疗大法,即以"刺骨法"进行治疗。同时应注意健康教育,以提高本病的疗效。     

宣清导浊汤在慢性肾衰竭中的运用

湿温弥漫三焦证之慢性肾衰竭,脾肾衰败,气化不利,湿浊瘀血壅塞三焦是其基本病机,脾肾亏虚是诸脏虚损的核心,湿浊瘀血是病情演变的重要病理因素。遵吴鞠通宣清导浊法,常选用宣清导浊汤以救急。     

“四位一体”辨治干燥综合征

干燥综合征的发病机制为脏腑功能失调,导致津液生成不足和津液输布代谢失常。肺、脾、肾是水液代谢和津液生成、输布的主要脏器,经脉是津液流通的主要通路。因此,治疗干燥综合征不仅要从津液的生成入手,还应从津液输布代谢失调与肺、脾、肾、经络的密切关系进行考虑,肺、脾、肾、经络"四位一体"辨证论治,方能取得较好的临床疗效。     

孙郁芝教授运用祛浊活血法治疗痛风性肾病经验

孙郁芝教授认为浊瘀痹阻肾络是痛风性肾病的主要病机,贯穿疾病始终.强调痛风性肾病发作期为痰浊痹阻、化火化毒,治以祛浊解毒、缓急止痛为主;缓解期因肾络血瘀、肾微癥瘕,治以活血消癥、化瘀通络为主;疾病后期因浊瘀痹阻同时兼见脾肾亏虚证,可兼补肾健脾.根据本病病机发展过程,确立祛浊活血的特色治疗法,并创立特色验方"痛风方",临证...     

浅论三焦理论与糖尿病治疗的关系

"三焦"概念源于《内经》,职司人体津液水分的输布、疏通和排泄,其生理特征是鼓动阳气,蒸腾阴津而达到疏通、输布和排泄津液水分的目的。所以三焦与水液及营养物质新陈代谢关系密切,而糖尿病的形成主要是营养物质和津液的代谢紊乱,故而运用三焦理论,掌握"六腑以通为用"的原则,采取解毒泄浊通络之法,将有利于糖尿病的治疗和预后。     

中药治疗痛风患者的护理

近年来,由于体力劳动强度减轻,饮食结构发生改变,痛风发病率逐年增高.痛风由湿浊淤阻,留滞关节经络,气血不畅所致.以关节红、肿、热、痛或伴不同程度发热为主要临床表现.本文就病情湿热痹阻、湿邪留痹、脾肾不足介绍了不同的食疗和药疗方法,以及提出了中药熏洗、外敷护理和情志护理的两种护理方法。     

健脾渗湿法治疗痛风间歇期的理论探讨*

痛风是临床常见病、多发病之一，中医认为痛风间歇期多为先天脾虚，又肥甘过度，导致脾胃受损，内生湿浊，加之外感风寒湿邪，内外相合痹阻关节经络而发病，可见脾虚湿阻是痛风间歇期的发病基础，其基本病机以脾虚为本、湿浊为标。故健脾渗湿法是治疗痛风间歇期的根本治法，彭江云教授团队以健脾渗湿方治疗本病，收效颇佳且无不良反应。     

痛风从脾肾论治

根据中医理论结合临床经验 ,认为脾肾功能失调是导致痛风发生的本质所在 ,主要病机为脾失健运 ,肾失气化 ,导致湿浊内生 ,痰浊阻滞经络。提出调补脾肾为主 ,佐以活血通络法治疗。     

从“湿”论治皮肤干燥的理论初探

除燥邪致病外,人体津液输布失常亦会引起皮肤干燥。湿浊内蕴会使三焦气机受阻,从而影响津液的正常输布;而阴虚内热会灼伤津液,使之运行缓慢,内停而产生湿浊,出现阴虚夹湿的证候。可见"湿"与皮肤干燥的发生有着密切的联系,在临床治疗上,"燥从湿治"往往能取得意想不到的好疗效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.