HPLC-ELSD法测定不同时期玉米须中β-谷甾醇的含量

目的:测定不同时期玉米须中β-谷甾醇的含量。方法:采用高效液相色谱法蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)测定玉米须中β-谷甾醇的含量。色谱条件为:VP-ODS柱(150 mm×4.6 mm),甲醇为流动相,蒸发光散射检测器检测参数为漂移管温度37℃,载气(N2)流速2.51 L/m in。结果:发现了β-谷甾醇在玉米须生长过程中的含量变化规律,即在7月中旬达到浓度最大值(2.3256 mg/g)后,就开始呈现下降趋势。结论:本方法可作为玉米须中β-谷甾醇质量控制的一种有效方法。     

HPLC-MS法同时测定钩藤药材中四种生物碱含量

目的:建立钩藤药材中四种生物碱的高效液相色谱-质谱联用含量测定方法。方法:色谱条件:HaloC_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.7μm),1%乙酸-水(氨水调pH=5.5)-甲醇-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流量0.3 mL·min~(-1),柱温35℃。质谱条件:电喷雾离子源,正离子检测方式,多反应监测模式,干燥气温度350℃,干燥气流量9 L·min~(-1),雾化器压力35 psi,毛细管电压4 000 V。结果:钩藤碱、异钩藤碱、去氢钩藤碱和异去氢钩藤碱含量分别为355.5μg·g~(-1)、143.9μg·g~(-1)、93.3μg·g~(-1)、202.7μg·g~(-1)。结论:该方法结果准确,重现性好,可用于测定钩藤药材中的生物碱含量。     

夏桑菊颗粒不同干燥方式对指标成分含量的影响

目的:优选夏桑菊颗粒浸膏的干燥方式。方法:夏桑菊颗粒药材经提取、浓缩后制得浸膏,将浸膏均分成3份,每份分别采用真空干燥、喷雾干燥、微波干燥等干燥方式,将干燥后的浸膏粉采用高效液相色谱法进行绿原酸、迷迭香酸以及蒙花苷的含量测定。色谱条件:色谱柱为Waters Symmetry Shield RP18(5μm,4. 6 mm×250. 0 mm)柱,以乙腈(A)-(体积分数) 1. 0%醋酸溶液(B)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为0. 9 m L·min~(-1),柱温为35℃,检测波长为320 nm。结果:绿原酸、迷迭香酸以及蒙花苷的线性范围分别为0. 050 4～1. 260 0μg、0. 031 2～0. 780 0μg、0. 051 2～1. 280 0μg,平均加样回收率分别为98. 3%(RSD=1. 16%)、98. 6%(RSD=1. 72%)、98. 0%(RSD=1. 01%);真空干燥、喷雾干燥和微波干燥所得样品中,绿原酸的含量分别为0. 259 mg·g~(-1)、0. 307 mg·g~(-1)、0. 284 mg·g~(-1),迷迭香酸的含量分别为0. 361mg·g~(-1)、0. 383 mg·g~(-1)、0. 396 mg·g~(-1),蒙花苷的含量分别为0. 166 mg·g~(-1)、0. 230 mg·g~(-1)、0. 216 mg·g~(-1)。结论:该方法可用于评价夏桑菊颗粒不同干燥方式的优劣,3种干燥方式对指标成分的影响为:真空干燥微波干燥喷雾干燥。     

HPLC法测定红花茎叶中三种化学成分的含量

目的建立红花茎叶中槲皮素、木犀草素和芹菜素等三种化学成分的的含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Venusil MP-C_(18)柱(5μm,4.6mm×300mm),流动相为甲醇-0.7%磷酸梯度洗脱,流速:1.0 m L/min,检测波长365nm,柱温40℃。结果槲皮素在114~570μg,(r=0.9998);木犀草素在145~725μg,(r=0.9999);芹菜素13~65μg(r=0.9998)范围内有良好的线性关系,平均回收率为95.62%,97.95%,96.75(n=6)。结论该方法简便、快捷、准确、重复性好,可用于槲皮素、木犀草素和芹菜素的含量测定。     

风湿宁胶囊的质量控制研究

目的:建立风湿宁胶囊的鉴别方法及含量测定方法。方法:鉴别采用薄层色谱法,含量测定采用高效液相色谱法。结果:独活、青风藤、血竭与肉桂的薄层鉴别图谱中,斑点清晰,阴性无干扰;血竭及青风藤的HPLC测定方法,血竭素线性范围0.116μg~0.581μg,Y=3×10~6X-13 854(r=0.999 6),平均回收率为100.86%,RSD为2.14%(n=6);青藤碱线性范围0.2μg~1.6μg,Y=18.13X-0.005 5(r=0.999 1),平均回收率为100.96%,RSD为2.34%(n=6)。结论:鉴别及含量测定方法专属性强,重复性好,准确度高,可用于风湿宁胶囊的质量控制。     

HPLC测定不同品种牛大力中刺桐碱、芒柄花素和高丽槐素的含量

【目的】比较不同品种牛大力中刺桐碱、芒柄花素及高丽槐素的含量差异,为选育牛大力优良品种提供参考依据。【方法】采用HPLC法测定牛大力不同药用部位中刺桐碱、芒柄花素及高丽槐素的含量,并根据各药用部位的占比,还原牛大力的整体含量。【结果】不同品种牛大力的刺桐碱含量由高到低依次为大叶牛大力(3.889 mg·g~(-1))中叶牛大力(3.579 mg·g~(-1))小叶牛大力(1.357 mg·g~(-1)),高丽槐素量的大小依次为大叶牛大力(0.295 mg·g~(-1))小叶牛大力(0.213 mg·g~(-1))中叶牛大力(0.181 mg·g~(-1)),而芒柄花素的含量基本一致,且均低于0.02 mg·g~(-1)。【结论】不同品种牛大力刺桐碱、芒柄花素及高丽槐素的含量存在较大差异,大叶牛大力的品质最优,其次为中叶牛大力。     

高效液相色谱法测定草乌花与草乌中乌头碱含量

目的测定草乌花与草乌中乌头碱的含量并对其进行比较。方法采用HPLC法,INSTRU LLC Plus C18(250mm×4.6mm 5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.3%三乙胺(65:35)为流动相,流速为0.8ml·min~(-1),检测波长为235nm,柱温为40℃条件下进行测定。结果乌头碱在0.0125~0.075μg范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9997)。乌头碱的平均回收率为94.87%,RSD为0.27%。不同地区草乌花中乌头碱平均含量为0.0119 mg·g~(-1),草乌中乌头碱平均含量为0.0690 mg·g~(-1)。结论草乌中乌头碱含量高于草乌花中乌头碱含量。     

大高良姜、红豆蔻总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性比较研究

目的:比较大高良姜、红豆蔻乙酸乙酯部位总黄酮含量及其体外抗氧化活性的差异。方法:采用紫外分光光度法,并结合DPPH·自由基体系、ABTS+·自由基体系、O_2~-·自由基体系,比较研究了大高良姜、红豆蔻乙酸乙酯部位的总黄酮含量及体外抗氧化活性。结果:大高良姜、红豆蔻乙酸乙酯部位均含有总黄酮成分,且均有抗氧化活性,其抗氧化活性大小顺序为:160μg·mL~(-1)120μg·mL~(-1)100μg·mL~(-1)80μg·mL~(-1)40μg·mL~(-1)10μg·mL~(-1)5μg·m~(-1)。结论:大高良姜、红豆蔻乙酸乙酯部位均含有总黄酮类成分且均有抗氧化活性。大高良姜乙酸乙酯部位的总黄酮含量低于红豆蔻乙酸乙酯部位,且大高良姜乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS+·及O_2~-·自由基的能力强于红豆蔻乙酸乙酯部位。同时还发现其抗氧化活性的大小均与其质量浓度有关系。     

高效液相色谱法测定桔梗中木犀草素与芹菜素的含量

目的采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)同时测定桔梗中木犀草素和芹菜素的含量。方法采用Alltima C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.5%磷酸(35∶65)为流动相,流速1.0ml/min,检测波长340nm,柱温25℃。结果木犀草素和芹菜素质量浓度分别在11.20～67.20μg/ml(r=0.999 6)和12.25～73.50μg/ml(r=0.999 9)范围内与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系;木犀草素和芹菜素平均加样回收率分别为99.03%、99.71%,RSD分别为0.77%、1.38%(n=6)。结论 HPLC简便、准确、可靠,可用于中药桔梗中木犀草素和芹菜素的含量测定。     

河南产光皮木瓜药材的质量分析

目的:对河南地区的光皮木瓜进行质量分析。方法:采用酸碱滴定法测定总酸含量;采用高效液相色谱法测定齐墩果酸及熊果酸的含量,流动相甲醇-(体积分数)0.5%磷酸(90∶10),检测波长:210nm;建立光皮木瓜的高效液相指纹图谱,流动相甲醇-(体积分数)0.1%磷酸(12.4∶87.6),检测波长:253 nm。结果:光皮木瓜总酸含量为0.68~0.75mmol·g~(-1);齐墩果酸与熊果酸分别在0.17~1.10μg,0.47~3.12μg与峰面积有良好的线性关系。光皮木瓜指纹图谱共标定了13个共有峰。结论:酸碱滴定法测定总酸含量方法操作简便,高效液相色谱法测定齐墩果酸及熊果酸的总含量方法高效快速,两个峰可完全分离且峰形较好,高效液相色谱法建立指纹图谱方法重现性好,可作为河南产光皮木瓜的质量控制方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.