老年代谢综合征合并脑梗死的影响因素分析

目的分析老年代谢综合征合并脑梗死的影响因素。方法选取2015年3月—2016年4月我院内科住院的老年病人235例。根据疾病类型分为3组:A组(代谢综合征合并脑梗死) 90例,B组(单纯代谢综合征) 88例,C组(单纯脑梗死) 57例。另取同期健康体检者50人为对照组。比较4组研究对象的年龄、性别、吸烟史、高血压史、糖尿病史、颈动脉内中膜增厚情况以及血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,并进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 A组病人年龄。吸烟史、高血压史、糖尿病史、颈动脉内中膜增厚比例,TG、Hcy水平均高于B组、C组及对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);而HDL-C水平明显低于B组、C组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、吸烟史、高血压史、糖尿病史、颈动脉内中膜增厚、TG、HDL-C、Hcy均为影响老年代谢综合征合并脑梗死的危险因素。结论老年代谢综合征合并脑梗死的危险因素包括年龄、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病、颈动脉内中膜增厚、TG、HDL-C、Hcy。     

代谢综合征组分与高血压早期肾损害关系的研究

目的:探讨代谢综合征组分与高血压患者早期肾损害的关系。方法:对399例肾功能正常且未治疗的原发性高血压患者进行横断面调查,测定身高、体质量、腰围、血脂、血糖等生化指标。根据Cockcroft-Gault公式计算肾小球滤过率(e GFR)诊断CKD,采用国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)全球共识定义诊断代谢综合征(MS),将患者分为MS组(n=246)和非MS组(n=153),比较两组患者临床特点差异;分析MS组分与高血压早期肾损害的关系。结果:(1)MS组BMI、腰围、TG、HDL-C、舒张压、尿酸、肌酐值、尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐(ACR)值均高于非MS组,MS组e GFR水平低于非MS组(P0.05)。(2)在MS组中,组分数与ACR的相关性分析显示,随MS组分的增多ACR水平呈逐渐上升趋势,5个代谢组分时达到最高值(P0.05)。而在e GFR与代谢综合征组分数相关性分析中发现,2个代谢组分时e GFR水平达到最高(P0.05),当≥3个代谢组分时,e GFR随着代谢组分的增加而减少。(3)二分类Logistic回归分析结果提示MS组分中空腹血糖受损、TG增高和血压分级是高血压早期肾损害的危险因素,而腹型肥胖和低水平HDL无明显影响。用年龄和性别因素校正后,空腹血糖受损、TG增高、血压分级与高血压早期肾损害仍显著有关(OR分别为1.852,3.622和1.6,P0.05)。结论:MS组分与高血压早期肾损害之间有显著相关性,这种相关性随MS组分的增多而增加,其中3个代谢综合征组分是e GFR代偿的临界点。代谢综合征组分中空腹血糖受损、高TG和血压与高血压早期肾损害增加相关。     

不同性别老年高血压人群代谢综合征患病特点

目的分析不同性别老年高血压人群代谢综合征患病率及特点。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法对辽宁省阜新农村地区年龄≥65岁高血压患者1 637例,按不同年龄、体重指数(BMI)、血脂水平、血糖水平及高血压分级分为不同组分,进行流行病学调查和实验室检查。根据中华医学会糖尿病学分会关于代谢综合征诊断标准,分析不同性别老年人在代谢综合征各组分中患病率及特点。结果 (1)代谢综合征患病率随年龄的增长而降低,女性患病率明显高于男性。(2)代谢综合征患病率随BMl的升高而升高。(3)高TG患病率最高.其次为高LDL-C、低HDL-C和高TC。(4)在高血压各分级中女性患病率均高于男性。(5)代谢综合征患病率随血糖的升高而升高,女性患病率均高于男性。结论 (1)老年代谢综合征患病率随年龄的增长而降低,随BMI及血糖的升高而升高。(2)女性代谢综合征患病率明显高于男性,在高血压及血糖分层中女性患病率均高于男性。     

青岛地区人群高尿酸血症与代谢综合征各组分间的关系

目的探讨青岛地区人群高尿酸血症（HUA）与代谢综合征（MS）各组分间的关系。方法选择青岛某大学2 249例MS患者,详细询问其病史、个人史,测量身高、体质量、血压、空腹血糖（FPG）、血脂、血尿酸（UA）。分析HUA与MS各主要组分间的关系。结果 HUA患者MS各主要组分发病率为肥胖68.1%、高血压54.9%、糖尿病19.9%、高甘油三酯血症52.2%;体质量指数、血压及TG与血UA水平显著相关（P〈0.01或〈0.05）。结论 HUA与MS各组分间关系密切,积极控制HUA,有利于MS其他组分的控制及心脑血管疾病的早期预防。     

尿酸水平与代谢综合征组分的关系研究

目的研究血尿酸水平与代谢综合征组分的关系,探讨高尿酸血症与心血管危险因子的关系。方法本研究采用以人群为基础的研究,基于健康体检人群慢病危险因素分析及评价研究的数据,采用线性相关及多因素Logistic回归分析,探讨尿酸与血压、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、体质量指数(BMI)以及血糖的相关性。结果 (1)高尿酸血症组高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、高脂血症患病率均高于尿酸正常组,差异有统计学意义。(2)线性相关分析显示尿酸水平与性别、吸烟、血糖、TG、LDL-C以及BMI有关,其中男性尿酸水平与吸烟、BMI、TC、TG和LDL-C有关,女性尿酸水平与吸烟、收缩压、TC以及HDL-C水平有关。(3)≤60岁组,年龄、高血压、BMI、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C以及吸烟与尿酸升高有关,60岁组尿酸升高与年龄、TC和TG有关。结论不同年龄阶段、不同性别中尿酸与代谢综合征各组分的关系可能不同,在≤60岁人群中,尿酸与代谢综合征的各组分密切相关,而60岁人群中,尿酸只与血脂水平有关。     

老年原发性高血压患者血尿酸与代谢综合征各组分相关关系研究

目的探讨老年原发性高血压患者血尿酸与代谢综合征的相关性。方法选取2014年2月~2016年3月在首都医科大学宣武医院心脏科门诊就诊的老年原发性高血压患者201例,根据患者血尿酸水平分为高尿酸血症组47例和尿酸正常组154例。男性血尿酸420μmol/L,女性血尿酸360μmol/L定义为高尿酸血症。应用Pearson相关分析与logistic回归分析血尿酸与老年原发性高血压患者代谢综合征各组分的相关性。结果与尿酸正常组比较,高尿酸血症组年龄、体质量指数、腰围、血肌酐、空腹血糖、TG、代谢综合征、腹型肥胖、高血糖及高TG血症比例明显升高,HDL-C水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。Pearson相关分析显示,体质量指数、腰围、空腹血糖及TG与血尿酸呈正相关,而HDL-C与血尿酸呈负相关(P0.05,P0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,腰围(OR=1.080,95%CI:1.035~1.127,P=0.000)和TG(OR=1.472,95%CI:1.021~2.122,P=0.038)是血尿酸升高的独立危险因素。结论老年原发性高血压患者血尿酸水平与代谢综合征及各组分密切相关,其中腰围和TG是发生高尿酸血症的独立危险因素。     

北京市老年人体重指数与代谢指标及心脑血管疾病的关系

目的分析北京市城乡老年人体重指数(BMI)与各代谢指标及心脑血管疾病的关系。方法2000年起对一个流行病学队列研究人群1827例老年人进行身高、体重、血压测量和多项血液代谢指标的检查,同时进行人口学因素及心脑血管疾病的调查。结果女性BMI、超重及肥胖显著高于男性;随着年龄增长,BMI、超重及肥胖的比例显著下降;患代谢综合征的女性高于男性。随着BMI的增加,收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、TG逐渐增高,而平均年龄逐渐降低;代谢综合征及其各组分中的高血压、空腹血糖异常、糖尿病、高TG血症增加,高TC血症及高LDL-C血症也显著增加;冠心病患病率增高。结论随着BMI的增加,老年人多种代谢异常明显增高。     

2型糖尿病及代谢综合征与非酒精性脂肪肝相关因素分析

目的 了解非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)与2型糖尿病及代谢综合征的关系.方法 收集137例代谢综合征患者,151例2型糖尿病患者,98例健康体检者.测血糖、血脂,测量身高及体重,计算体质指数(BMI).受试者均行肝脏超声检查.结果 健康对照组、2型糖尿病组、代谢综合征组NAFLD患病率分别为17%、36%、68%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).脂肪肝组较非脂肪肝组血糖、血压、BMI、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)更高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)更低,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示NAFLD与BMI、FBG、DBP、TG相关.结论 NAFLD与2型糖尿病及代谢综合征密切相关.     

血尿酸水平与2型糖尿病合并脑梗死关系的探讨

目的观察血尿酸水平与2型糖尿病合并脑梗死的关系,并分析影响2型糖尿病脑梗死患者血尿酸水平的因素。方法对正常对照组、2型糖尿病脑梗死组、单纯脑梗死组、和单纯2型糖尿病组测定血尿酸、血脂、血糖及肌酐等水平。结果2型糖尿病脑梗死组血尿酸水平、TG、BMI、WHR、FINS、HOMA指数、BP明显高于其他3组(P<0.05);血尿酸水平升高、高TG血症、低HDL血症、胰岛素抵抗和高血压是2型糖尿病脑梗死发病的危险因素(OR=1.66～2.76)。结论糖尿病脑梗死患者血尿酸水平升高与肥胖、血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗及高血压密切相关。     

高血压患者同型半胱氨酸水平与代谢综合征及心血管病之间关系的研究

目的:探讨高血压患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与代谢综合征(MS)及心血管疾病之间的关系。方法:选取2014年1月至2015年6月,于我院诊断为高血压患者362例。根据有无MS或Hcy水平对患者进行分类,记录所有患者的年龄、性别、腰围、血压、糖尿病、冠心病及脑血管病等临床特征及肌酐清除率、尿蛋白、尿酸、TG及维生素B12等生化指标。利用Logistic分析方法分析高血压患者的Hcy水平与MS及心血管病间的关系。结果:高血压患者Hcy水平的升高与MS、冠心病及脑血管病发病率的增加有关。血浆Hcy水平与患者年龄、腰围、血糖、TG、尿酸、纤维蛋白原水平及稳态模型评估(HOMA)指数直接相关,与肌酐清除率、HDL-C、维生素B12及叶酸水平呈负相关。Logistic回归分析显示,Hcy水平与MS的发生相关(RR:1.01,95%CI:1.00~1.02,P=0.02)且独立于人口统计学及单变量分析中与Hcy相关的变量。Hcy与心血管疾病发生也相关(RR:1.01;95%CI:1.00~1.02;P=0.01),也独立于其他混杂因素。结论:高血压患者高同型半胱氨酸水平与代谢综合征相关,同时与更高的心血管发病率相关。     

Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of ischemic stroke in elderly persons

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and risk of ischemic stroke associated with metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND PATIENTS: In 197 stroke patients (80 cases of atherothrombotic infarction, 97 lacunar infarction, 16 cardioembolic infarction, 4 others) and 356 age- and sex-matched control subjects aged 65 years and older in Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital, we investigated the association between metabolic syndrome and risk factor-dependent augmentation of ischemic stroke in subjects with several risk factors for atherosclerosis. The diagnosis of cerebral infarction in each patient was confirmed by CT findings of the brain and metabolic syndrome was defined as at least 3 of the 5 following conditions: visceral obesity, hypertension (HT), hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and diabetes mellitus (DM). RESULTS: After adjustment for sex, age, and smoking, metabolic syndrome was significantly related to atherothrombotic infarction (odds ratio, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.69-5.61). Of the individual components, visceral obesity, HT and DM were independent risk factors for atherothrombotic infarction. Increased risk for atherothrombotic infarction was also associated with increases in the 5 component conditions of the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors called metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity, and its identification may thus be important in risk assessment and treatment of patients.     

2030例急性脑梗死患者合并代谢综合征临床特点分析

目的 观察急性脑梗死患者血脂、血压、腰围和空腹血糖水平,并探讨其代谢综合征的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析2030例急性脑梗死患者的血脂、血压(收缩压、舒张压)、腰围和空腹血糖水平.结果 2030例急性脑梗死住院患者的代谢综合征患病率为67.73%,男性为71.80%,显著高于女性的62.00%(P＜0.001).男性患者高血压、腰围异常、血脂异常和窄腹血糖受损比例均显著高于女性(P＜0.005).代谢综合征以及高血压、腰围异常、血脂异常和空腹血糖受损比例随年龄增大而增高(P＜0.05).结论 脑梗死患者的代谢综合征患病率很高.对脑梗死患者进行代谢综合征评价非常重要,控制血脂异常、高血压、高血糖和肥胖在缺血性卒中的一级和二级预防中均不可忽视.     

脑梗死合并代谢综合征患者的临床特点分析

目的探讨代谢综合征与急性脑梗死的关系。方法收集急性脑梗死患者222例,根据代谢是否异常分为代谢综合征组(132例)和非代谢综合征组(90例),分别对2组进行临床和颈部血管超声分析。结果代谢综合征组患者吸烟、饮酒比例高,脑梗死的复发率高达37.1%,而非代谢综合征组仅17.8%。代谢综合征组代谢紊乱主要表现为肥胖,血压高,高空腹血糖、高甘油三酯血症及低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症。代谢综合征组纤维蛋白原升高明显,且动脉粥样硬化及斑块形成比例高。结论代谢综合征通过促使动脉粥样硬化及血栓形成,导致急性脑血管意外的发生增加。     

Identification of genetic factors and development of genetic risk diagnosis systems for cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms of GJA4 and CYBA and of PAI1 and MMP3 are associated with myocardial infarction (MI) in men and women, respectively. In addition, several polymorphisms associated with restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery spasm, or hypertension have been identified. More recently, a large genetic epidemiological study was performed to identify additional gene polymorphisms that confer susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and other complex diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS: The relationship of 202 polymorphisms in 152 candidate genes to MI, hypertension, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, or in-stent restenosis were examined in 5,000 unrelated Japanese individuals. Of these, 14 polymorphisms related to MI, 8 to atherothrombotic cerebral infarction, 9 to intracerebral hemorrhage, and 10 to subarachnoid hemorrhage were identified. This information was then used to develop risk diagnosis systems to predict the future risk for development of each disease in a given individual. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of gene polymorphisms that confer susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases or stroke and the development of genetic risk diagnosis systems may contribute to the personalized prevention of these conditions.     

Profile and prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome

Objective Aspirin has been used extensively in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease,particularly for subjects at high risk such as metabolic syndrome.However,the responsiveness to aspirin treatment may vary among individuals.The present study was conducted to investigate the profile and prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods In 221 consecutive patients,platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (0.5mg/ml) was assessed after 10 days of aspirin treatment (200mg/d).Aspirin resistance was defined as mean optical platelet aggregation =20%.Results Aspirin resistance occurred in 39 patients (17.6%).Serum fibrinogen level was higher in patients with than in those without aspirin resistance (2.6_+0.4g/l vs 2.4±0.4g/L,P=0.017).The 2 groups,aspirin resistance group and no aspirin resistance group,did not differ significantly,with regard to gender,age,body mass index,waist-hip ratio,blood pressure level,serum cholesterol level and history of myocardial or cerebral infarction.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only serum fibrinogen level entered the model (odds ratio 2.973,p=0.023).Subgroup analysis further showed that aspirin resistance occurred more in male patients with myocardial infarction (50% vs14.5%,P=0.02) and in female patients with diastolic blood pressure=85mmHg (34% vs 15.5%,P=0.043).But after multifactor logistic regression,in women blood pressure=85mmHg was not a predictor any more.Conclusions In patients with metabolic syndrome,aspirin resistance is not uncommon,especially for men with history of myocardial infarction.Patients with aspirin resistance have an increased serum fibrinogen level.(J Geriatr Cardio12008;5:7-10)     

Familial combined hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease

Our aim was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (i.e., survivors of myocardial infarction) in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). We compared a group of 20 male patients with FCH who had survived a myocardial infarction with two other groups matched for age and body mass index, comprising 20 individuals with FCH who had not had a myocardial infraction and 20 control subjects. Plasma lipid, glucose, and insulin levels were determined. Metabolic syndrome was judged to present on the basis of World Health Organization (WHO) and National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult treatment panel (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria. Differences between the groups were evaluated using non-parametric tests and the association between ischemic coronary disease and other parameters was assessed by logistic regression analysis. According to WHO criteria, the metabolic syndrome was present in 19 FCH patients who had survived a myocardial infarction, in 11 individuals with FCH who had not had a myocardial infraction, and in six control subject (P<.001); the difference between FCH patients with and without myocardial infarction was significant (P<.01). Presence of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by WHO criteria, is a marker of cardiovascular risk in individuals with FCH.     

Prevalence and impact of metabolic syndrome on hospital outcomes in acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: The impact of metabolic syndrome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not yet been studied. In a population-based sample of patients with AMI, we sought to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with AMI, its impact on hospital outcomes, and to assess the relative influence of each of the components of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III definition of metabolic syndrome on the risk of death and heart failure. METHODS: A total of 633 unselected, consecutive patients hospitalized with AMI were categorized according to the NCEP ATP III metabolic syndrome criteria (presence of >/=3 of the following: hyperglycemia; triglyceride level >/=150 mg/dL [>/=1.7 mmol/L]; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <40 mg/dL [<1.04 mmol/L] in men and <50 mg/dL [<1.30 mmol/L] in women; blood pressure >/=130/85 mm Hg; and waist circumference >102 cm in men or 88 cm in women). RESULTS: Among the 633 patients, 290 (46%) fulfilled the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Patients with metabolic syndrome were older and more likely to be women. Acute myocardial infarction characteristics and left ventricular ejection fraction rates were similar for both groups. In-hospital case fatality was higher in patients with metabolic syndrome compared with those without, as was the incidence of severe heart failure (Killip class >II). In multivariate analysis, metabolic syndrome was a strong and independent predictor of severe heart failure, but not in-hospital death. Analysis of the predictive value of each of the 5 metabolic syndrome components for severe heart failure showed that hyperglycemia was the major determinant (odds ratio, 3.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.86-5.87). CONCLUSIONS: In an unselected population of patients with AMI, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was high. Metabolic syndrome appeared associated with worse in-hospital outcome, with a higher risk of development of severe heart failure. Among metabolic syndrome components, hyperglycemia was the main correlate of the risk of development of severe heart failure during AMI.     

代谢综合征与前循环脑梗死相关性的研究

目的 研究代谢综合征(MS)及其各组分与前循环脑梗死(ACI)的关系.方法 ACI组271例,诊断符合<中国脑血管病防治指南>脑梗死牛津郡社区卒中研究分型标准,并经CT或MRI证实;对照组147例,均为门诊健康体检者.观察MS在ACI组和对照组的患病率、MS各组分水平以及MS对ACI的危险度.MS诊断采用修订后的中国人MS诊断标准.结果 ACI组和对照组MS的患病率分别为43.17%和19.05%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).ACI组MS各组分水平与对照组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).MS使ACI发病的危险增加3.7倍(P<0.01).结论 MS与ACI关系密切,MS是ACI的重要危险因素.     

Is a single definition of the metabolic syndrome appropriate?—A comparative study of the USA and Asia

The metabolic syndrome has been identified as an increasingly important precursor to cardiovascular diseases in many Asian populations. Our objective was to compare the contribution of component risk factors to the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATPIII), in the US and selected Asian populations. Nationally representative survey data from Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand and the US were used. Analyses were restricted to men and women aged > or = 35 years. The age-standardized prevalence of the NCEP-ATPIII defined metabolic syndrome was highest in the US (31% in men, 35% in women), and lowest in Taiwan (11% in men, 12% in women). The component risk factors that defined the presence of the metabolic syndrome varied between countries. As expected, abnormal waist circumference was considerably more prevalent among individuals with the metabolic syndrome in the US (72% in men, 94% in women) compared with their Asian counterparts, but substantial variation was also observed between the Asian populations (13-22% in men, 38-63% in women). Furthermore, the relative contribution of other risk factors to the metabolic syndrome was also substantially different between countries. The NCEP-ATPIII definition identifies a heterogeneous group of individuals with the metabolic syndrome in different populations.     

Prevalence of coronary artery disease in Japanese patients with cerebral infarction: impact of metabolic syndrome and intracranial large artery atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Patients with cerebral infarction have a high prevalence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) and other vascular diseases, but there is a lack of such data for Japanese patients, so the present study investigated the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Japanese patients and determined the predictors of CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study group comprised 104 patients with cerebral infarction who had no history of CVD. All patients underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography, and systematic evaluation was done on the basis of the presence of other vascular diseases, CVD risk markers, and the degree of atherosclerosis. Of the total, 39 patients (37.5%) had CAD, 9 (8.7%) had carotid artery stenosis, 9 (8.7%) had peripheral artery disease of the lower limbs, and 3 (2.9%) had atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Multiple regression analysis showed that the presence of CAD was independently associated with metabolic syndrome (odds ratio (OR) 5.008, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.538-16.309; p<0.01) and intracranial large artery atherosclerosis (OR 4.979, 95% CI 1.633-15.183; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Japanese patients with cerebral infarction have a high prevalence of CVD, especially asymptomatic CAD. Both metabolic syndrome and intracranial large artery atherosclerosis may be potential predictors for identifying patients with cerebral infarction who are at the highest risk of asymptomatic CAD.