强直性脊柱炎炎性骨破坏和病理性骨化的信号转导机制

炎性骨破坏和病理性骨化是强直性脊柱炎的特征性病理表现,有多种细胞因子和信号通路参与其中。目前,肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素是最广为人知的参与炎性破坏的细胞因子,与此同时,伴随着越来越多新的生物学标志物的出现,Wnt/β- catenin信号通路、BMP/TGF-β信号通路等在AS骨化中的作用也日益受到重视。细胞因子介导的炎症与病理性骨化信号通路之间关系的研究,可能从分子水平上揭示强直性脊柱炎从炎症到骨化过程的机制,并为TNF抑制剂的长期临床应用提供依据。     

中医药调控骨代谢防治强直性脊柱炎的研究进展

骨代谢紊乱在加剧强直性脊柱炎的病理进程中扮演了重要角色。强直性脊柱炎出现局部过度骨化的同时,存在全身骨量的流失,此外免疫及炎症反应也与骨代谢紊乱密切相关。通过检索国内外文献,对中医药维持强直性脊柱炎骨代谢平衡的分子学机制进行综述,认为中医药通过抑制强直性脊柱炎成骨相关的异位骨化,延缓强直性脊柱炎破骨相关的骨量流失,调节免疫及炎症反应维持强直性脊柱炎骨代谢平衡,发挥防治强直性脊柱炎的作用。     

强直性脊柱炎骨代谢的研究进展

强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis,AS）是一种自身免疫功能异常引起的以慢性炎症性关节炎为主要表现的疾病,可发展为脊柱关节炎,慢性炎症和病理性骨形成是它的两个主要病理特点。进行性的脊柱关节僵硬引起的脊柱活动障碍是患者最常见的主诉,因此对脊柱关节的异常骨增生的病理机制得到广泛的关注。但随着对AS研究的深入,发现在脊柱局部过度骨化的同时伴有系统性的骨丢失,表明AS发病过程不仅仅是单一的成骨或破骨异常,而是处于兼有两者的骨代谢失衡环境中。目前研究发现AS疾病中Wnt、BMP信号通路和炎症反应在AS疾病中既促进成骨,又能影响破骨细胞形成;而破骨细胞在发挥骨吸收作用的同时,它的产物又参与了新生骨形成。但大多数研究均是着重于描述单独的成骨或破骨机制,未能明确地阐明它们是如何在引起脊柱周围骨质增生的同时导致全身骨量丢失的具体作用机制。AS病理过程中炎症因子是否在不同的部位发挥不同的作用,如何在控制新生骨形成的同时减少骨质疏松发生的风险,这些问题仍需要得到进一步的探索研究。     

破骨细胞与强直性脊柱炎

破骨细胞是专职性骨吸收细胞,在骨重塑中发挥着重要的作用,其来源于骨髓单核巨噬细胞、外周血单核细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞及牙槽骨巨噬细胞,在成骨/基质细胞或OPG/RANKL/RANK、TNF-α、IL-1、M-CSF、VEGF等促分化因子的作用下分化成熟,进而发挥骨质破坏作用。骨、软骨的破坏及局部骨质疏松是强直性脊柱炎的主要病理改变之一,其中破骨细胞发挥着重要的作用,针对破骨细胞靶向治疗是阻止强直性脊柱炎骨与软骨破坏的研究方向之一。     

强直性脊柱炎致病机制研究进展

强直性脊柱炎(AS)是一种慢性进行性脊柱关节病.骶髂关节炎症和关节骨化强直是AS典型病理变化的两个阶段,两者之间有一定相关性,但炎症的发生不是异位骨化的充分必要条件.AS异位骨化涉及BMP、Wnt、Notch和Hedgehog等多条信号通路,各信号通路之间相互联系、相互制约,形成一错综复杂的调节网络.该文就AS病理特征...     

强直性脊柱炎引起骨代谢紊乱的分子学机制

强直性脊柱炎属于风湿免疫科的常见疾患,以累及骶髂关节和中轴骨的自发性炎症为病变特征,除脊柱关节的进行性退化、功能遭受破坏外,全身性骨代谢紊乱贯穿疾病的始末,后期极易导致脆性骨折的发生,严重影响患者身心健康和生活质量。骨质疏松作为强直性脊柱炎最常见的并发症,其本质还是强直性脊柱炎引起的机体内环境紊乱,破骨细胞与成骨细胞之间脱耦联,骨吸收作用强于骨形成,进一步造成骨代谢失衡、骨量丢失。本文在分子生物学层面围绕强直性脊柱炎造成骨代谢紊乱的具体机制展开综述,阐明二者之间的因果关系,为强直性脊柱炎诊疗过程中积极配合抗骨质疏松治疗提供科学依据,以期更好地指导临床。     

骨骼系统中糖代谢机制的运动干预研究

成骨细胞的骨形成功能和破骨细胞的骨吸收功能构成了骨重塑结构,其平衡过程是骨稳态的重要因素。然而,这种平衡可能会因为骨内稳态失衡而受到破坏,了解骨骼中葡萄糖代谢的作用和调节机制,可为进一步揭示成骨细胞和破骨细胞的分化过程提供更宽阔的视角。文献表明,PTH、胰岛素、IGFs、Wnt信号通路均会对成骨细胞中的糖酵解过程产生作用。破骨细胞中的糖酵解和氧化磷酸化过程,会引起RANKL水平激增,进而维持骨稳态。此外,确定糖代谢与成骨细胞和破骨细胞的生长因子及转录因子之间的联系,为运动干预提供媒介,将有助于阐明运动调节糖代谢与骨代谢的共同机制,为新型治疗方法开辟新的途径。     

微重力对骨稳态调节作用的相关研究进展

骨稳态的维持需要破骨细胞、成骨细胞和骨细胞的信号传导以及干细胞的增殖分化参与。微重力导致机械载荷减少进而改变骨稳态内细胞代谢。本综述介绍微重力对骨稳态的调节关系,以及其作用机制。微重力使成骨细胞增殖分化延迟,破骨细胞吸收增强,骨细胞溶解,巨噬细胞介导免疫炎症因子调控成骨和破骨平衡。骨骼系统的调节机制复杂,各细胞类型相互影响,多信号通路交叉作用。未来还需进一步探索骨稳态失调引起的骨质疏松的治疗靶点。     

强直性脊柱炎骨化机制研究的最新进展

强直性脊柱炎( Anklosing Spondylitis,AS)是一种慢性进行性自身免疫性疾病.主要侵犯骶髂关节、脊椎关节与附近的肌腱、韧带等软组织,炎症后继发纤维化与钙化,使脊椎逐渐失去柔软度,严重时会发展到像“竹节”一样无法弯曲或伸展.这种非钙化组织发生新骨形成的现象通常指的是“异位”骨化.在AS中显示为附着点和滑膜关节、软骨结合处形成新骨[1],钙化在骨形成过程中起着决定性作用[2],因而了解其钙化机制对了解AS的病因具有重要的作用.     

破骨细胞非溶骨功能研究进展

目的综述破骨细胞除骨吸收之外的功能研究进展。方法查阅近年来与破骨细胞功能研究相关的文献,排除与骨吸收有关的文献,并进行分析总结。结果破骨细胞从骨基质调节因子、双向信号和细胞因子3个方面调节骨形成,参与造血微环境的形成,造血干细胞动员及其数量、功能的维持,以及血管生成过程。结论目前对破骨细胞调节造血作用的确切机制仍缺乏深入了解;此外,破骨细胞耦联因子作用于成骨细胞分化的哪一过程、诱导的血管生成参与哪些生理或病理过程等关键问题也有待解决;揭示其内在机制有助于为治疗多种破骨细胞相关性疾病提供科学的策略。     

杭州健康女性定量骨超声测定原发性骨质疏松

目的 评价杭州健康女性骨超声速度(SOS)值随增龄减少和骨质疏松患病率，建立杭州地区女性骨超声速度值参考数据库。方法 定量超声法测定1208例杭州地区健康女性桡骨远端(RAD)，第3指骨近节(PLX)，第V跖骨(MTR)和胫骨中段(TIB)的超声速度值。结果 RAD、PLX、MTR和TIBSOS峰值(Peak of SOS)均出现在40-45岁，TJB的SOS峰值出现在35—40岁，此后随年龄增长而下降。绝经后妇女在绝经后早期和晚期各有1个SOS快速减少期，前见于桡骨近端，平均年减少率为2．4％，后见于胫骨中段，平均年减少率为1．8％。各部位骨SOS累积减少率随年龄增长而增加，到85岁4部位累积减少为13％-18％。60岁以后骨质疏松性症(OP)检出率为45％-70％，OP检出率以桡骨远端最高，60-70岁平均为67％，第3指骨近端次之约50％，胫骨中段最低为36％；75岁以后分别为70％，65％和45％。结论 全身各部位骨超声速度值到达峰值的年龄不同，峰值也各有差异。绝经后妇女骨超声速度值随年龄增加减少较快，应予激素和补钙治疗，桡骨远端为本地区SOS检测和OP检出的敏感部位。     

Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

目的 评价脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用.方法 健康雄性C3H/He小鼠40只,周龄8～10周,体重18～22 g,随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、骨癌痛组(B组)、PBS组(P组)和米诺环素组(M组).S组跟骨骨髓腔内注射PBS 10 μl;余3组跟骨骨髓腔内注射含2×105个骨纤维肉瘤细胞的PBS 10 μl制备骨癌痛模型,于造模前即刻开始PBS组鞘内注射PBS 5μl,M组鞘内注射米诺环素(用PBS溶解为0.2 mmol/L)5μl,1次/d,连续11 d.于造模前1 d、造模后即刻、3、5、7、9、11 d时测定机械痛阈;于造模后3、7、9、11 d机械痛阈测定结束后测定冷痛阈.痛阈测定结束后处死小鼠,取脊髓组织,测定神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和CD11b的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,B组和P组造模后3-11 d时、M组造模后3、5 d时机械痛阈升高,B组、P组和M组造模后7～11 d时冷痛阈升高,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达上调(P<0.05).与B组比较,M组造模后3-11 d时机械痛阈降低,造模后7-11 d时冷痛阈降低,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达下调(P<0.05).结论 脊髓胶质细胞(星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)的激活参与了小鼠骨癌痛的形成.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.