全身振动训练对老年女性骨密度的影响

目的探讨全身振动训练对老年女性骨密度的影响,为预防老年人骨质疏松提供理论依据。方法年龄、身高、体重相匹配的试验组(n=26)和对照组(n=26)进行X射线骨密度测试,试验组进行24周(每周3次,20分钟/次,频率20-35Hz、振幅3 mm)全身振动训练。结果试验组大转子(提高9.1%,P=0.042)、Ward’s三角区(提高16.9%,P=0.030)和腰椎L2-4(提高7.6%,P=0.039)骨密度显著增大,而左股骨颈骨密度无显著变化(P0.05)。结论全身振动训练改善了老年女性骨密度,建议作为预防老年人骨质疏松的一种非药物疗法。     

老年肌肉减少症与离心抗阻训练研究进展

老年肌肉减少症是随年龄增长而出现的骨骼肌量逐年衰减、肌肉功能逐年衰退的骨骼肌退行性疾病,正常人均可出现。患者的爆发力下降最为明显,平衡功能受损,因而频繁跌倒而致伤。抗阻训练是一种对抗老年肌肉减少症的有效干预方式,包括传统抗阻训练、爆发力抗阻训练和离心抗阻训练。近年来,离心抗阻训练在干预老年肌肉减少症的病理进程、预防和治疗运动损伤、提高老年人功能活动能力方面的作用凸显。通过适度拉长肌肉的离心训练不仅能够提高绝对肌力,还能够提高起动速度,增加爆发力的起动力量,继而提高爆发力。此外,离心训练还能增强制动力量,使机体能够快速有效地制动、减速、转向等,提高机体对运动的控制能力,有效地提高平衡能力,避免因运动控制不良导致的运动损伤,能够有效地预防跌倒,避免因跌倒所致的骨折等病症。但是,由于离心抗阻训练需要较高的技巧,目前仍未确立安全有效的训练方法和负荷强度等相关参数,因而仍期待更多的相关实验研究。本文综述了近年来研究者在离心抗阻训练与老年肌肉减少症方面相关的研究进展,以期为后续研究抛砖引玉。     

渐进性抗阻训练在女性绝经后骨质疏松症的辅助改善作用

目的在常规口服抗骨质疏松药物基础上,探讨渐进性抗阻训练在女性绝经后骨质疏松症(Postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMO)的辅助改善作用。方法自2015年10月~2016年10月,纳入PMO患者70例,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各35例。两组均予以常规口服碳酸钙D3+骨化三醇胶丸+阿仑膦酸钠片,在此基础上,对研究组患者给予渐进性抗阻训练。两组治疗6个月后,统一进行疗效观察。结果与治疗前相比,两组治疗6个月后的骨质疏松性疼痛VAS评分均显著降低,骨密度值均有显著变化,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP)、I型原胶原分子N-端前肽(PINP)的水平均显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);组间相比,研究组患者在疼痛、骨密度改善方面,以及TRACP水平的改善方面,均有更优秀的表现,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在口服抗骨质疏松药物基础上联合渐进性抗阻训练治疗PMO患者,可进一步降低骨质疏松性疼痛,降低TRACP水平,提升骨密度,具有临床参考价值。     

抗阻训练对烧伤患儿康复效果影响的研究进展

处于生长发育关键时期的儿童,受烧伤的直接或间接影响,其机体功能和生活质量都会大大降低。因此烧伤后的康复运动对烧伤患儿的救治至关重要。抗阻训练是患者进行康复运动的方式之一。本文综述了抗阻训练对烧伤患儿伤后康复的影响,总结了目前相关研究的优势和不足,为以后的研究提供了参考和思路,以期提高烧伤患儿的总体预后。     

青年女性腰椎骨密度与体脂分布的相关性

目的研究女性骨密度峰值阶段腰椎骨密度与体脂分布的相关性,探讨青年女性瘦身与老年骨质疏松症发生的关系。方法纳入一组25～35岁的女性志愿者,采集每位志愿者的一般信息(身高、体重、腰围、臀围),计算体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)和腰臀比(waist-hip ratio,WHR)。依据BMI将其分为两组,瘦型(BMI21.4)和胖型(BMI≥21.4)。利用Midways pro定量CT(QCT)分析系统,测量脐水平腹内脂肪面积(visceral fat area,VFA)、腹壁脂肪面积(subcutaneous fat area,SFA)、腰椎2～4的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),计算腹脂比(VF/SF)及腰椎平均BMD(vBMD)。两组间体脂参数、vBMD的差异比较采用独立样本t检验,vBMD与体脂参数的相关性采用Pearson相关性检验。结果纳入共计95名志愿者,其中瘦型43名,胖型52名。两组间VFA、SFA比较差异具有统计学意义,P值分别为0.01、0.003;两组间腰臀比、VF/SF、vBMD比较差异没有统计学意义;青年女性腰椎vBMD与VF/SF呈显著性相关(r=0.381,P=0.034)。结论女性腰椎峰值骨密度与BMI、腰围、臀围、VFA、SFA不具有相关性,与腹脂比(VF/SF)显著相关。青年女性科学瘦身不会降低机体骨密度储备。     

不同运动方式对维持性血液透析患者骨密度的影响

目的探讨维持性血液透析患者骨质疏松危险因素及不同运动方式干预后骨密度的变化。方法选取血液透析中心236例维持性血液透析患者并收集相关临床资料,将患者按照是否合并骨质疏松分为两组,对骨质疏松发生的危险因素进行单因素分析,对经单因素分析有显著差异的危险因素作二元Logistic回归分析;然后从中选取108例研究对象按年龄、性别随机分为4组:对照组(A组)、有氧运动联合抗阻运动组(B组)、有氧运动组(C组)及抗阻运动组(D组),每组各27例,研究观察24周,分别在干预前及24周末比较4组的骨密度。结果骨质疏松组女性比例、年龄、透析月龄、血磷、甲状旁腺素水平均高于非骨质疏松组(P0.05),血红蛋白低于非骨质疏松组(P0.05),性别、年龄、PTH是维持性血液透析患者骨质疏松的危险因素(P0.05)。A组、B组、C组、D组在运动干预前骨密度两两比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);运动干预24周后,与A组相比较,B组、C组、D组骨密度差异均有统计学意义(P0.05); B组、D组骨密度在运动24周末较运动前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论性别、年龄、PTH是维持性血液透析患者骨质疏松的危险因素。有氧联合抗阻运动改善骨密度方面效果更理想,而抗阻运动优于有氧运动;坚持长久持续的康复运动更能有效地改善血液透析患者的骨质疏松问题。     

老年女性下肢关节等速肌力与骨密度的相关性研究

目的探讨老年女性膝、踝关节不同角速度等速肌力与骨密度的相关性,为针对性力量训练改善骨密度提供理论依据。方法采用Iso Med 2000等速肌力测试仪对42例健康老年女性,进行优势侧60°/s(5次)和180°/s(20次)膝、踝关节屈伸测试。肌肉峰力矩与优势侧股骨近端BMD进行主成分分析相关性。结果 1)与股骨颈BMD呈显著正相关肌力指标:膝关节伸肌绝对力、爆发力和肌耐力(r=0.572,r=0.662,r=0.691)。踝关节伸肌绝对力、爆发力和屈、伸肌耐力(r=0.429,r=0.667,r=0.617,r=0.509);2)与大转子BMD呈显著正相关肌力指标:膝关节屈肌爆发力和屈、伸肌耐力(r=0.522,r=0.526,r=0.525),踝关节伸肌爆发力和屈肌耐力(r=0.576,r=0.601);3)与Ward’s三角区呈显著相关肌力指标:膝关节伸肌绝对力(r=0.536),踝关节屈肌耐力(r=0.612)。结论加强老年女性大腿前群肌和小腿后群肌绝对力和爆发力,同时注重膝关节伸和踝关节屈耐力练习有利于提高股骨近端BMD。     

新编五禽戏练习对老年女性平衡能力和骨密度的影响

目的探讨有规律的五禽戏练习对老年女性平衡能力和骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)的影响,为运动健身预防老年人跌倒、提升骨密度提供依据。方法根据年龄、身高、体重的情况分为实验组(n=36)和对照组(n=35),进行静态、动态平衡能力测试,腰椎以及优势侧股骨近端BMD测试。实验组进行为期24周(4次/周,70 min/次)的新编五禽戏练习。结果 24周实验组相比对照组:①静态平衡的左右方向开、闭眼压力中心移动距离显著缩短12.3%和13.1%(P0.05),左右方向闭眼压力中心移动速度显著降低12.9%(P0.05),开、闭眼单脚站立时间显著增加32.5%和49.4%(P0.01)。动态平衡的左右方向移动速度显著降低21.8%(P0.01)。静态和动态前后方向各项指标无统计学意义(P0.05);②腰椎L_(2～4)(增加6.8%)、大转子、Ward三角和股骨颈BMD虽不同程度增加但无显著变化(P0.05)。结论 24周五禽戏练习显著提高了老年女性左右方向静态和动态平衡能力,但前后方向变化不明显;对腰椎和股骨近端BMD改善不明显,可能延缓因增龄引起的BMD下降。     

高频全身振动训练及停练后对老年女性骨密度的影响

目的探讨24周高频全身振动训练及停练8周后对老年女性骨密度(BMD)的影响,为预防老年人骨质疏松症提供依据。方法 61名60~70岁健康老年女性随机分成振动组(30例)和对照组(31例)。采用美国Power-Plate振动仪进行24周(3次/周,20分钟/次,频率20~35Hz,振幅3 mm)的无负重全身振动训练。测试0周、24周和32周所有受试者股骨近端BMD。结果 1)24周后振动组大转子和Ward’s三角区BMD显著增大(P0.05),且显著大于对照组(P0.05);2)与0周相比,停练8周后振动组大转子BMD显著增大(P0.05)且显著大于对照组(P0.05)。结论高频全身振动训练能改善老年女性股骨近端BMD,但对股骨颈BMD影响不明显,停练8周后对大转子BMD提高仍起到维持作用。     

加压结合抗阻训练对糖耐量减低人群骨密度、胰岛素敏感性、肌力、激素分泌影响研究

目的探讨加压结合抗阻训练对糖耐量减低人群骨密度、胰岛素敏感性、肌力、激素代谢的影响,为推广改善胰岛素敏感性和骨健康的新运动处方提供参考。方法招募90名糖耐量减低人群,在实验前2周对所有受试者进行前测,前测内容包括腿部深蹲和腿举1RM测试、胰岛素敏感性、糖耐量测试、骨密度、骨代谢指标、腿部肌肉量、等速肌力测试、生长激素、血睾酮。所有受试者前测完成后进行随机分为对照组(C组)、加压搭配抗阻训练组(KR组)、抗阻训练组(R组),每组30人。分组完成后,按各组训练方案进行为期36周,每周5次的训练干预,36周训练干预结束后的3 d内进行后测,后测项目与前测一致。利用SPSS统计软件对所有指标进行独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析。结果糖耐量试验后2 h血糖(oral glucose tolerance test 2 h,OGTT-2 h)、胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, HOMA-IR)、尿羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,HOP)、血浆抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate resistant acid phosphatase,TRACP)、尿脱氧吡啶喏啉(deoxypyridinoline,DPD),KR组和R组的后测结果均显著低于前测和C组(P0.05),KR组后测结果显著低于R组(P0.05)。股骨颈骨密度、Wards三角骨密度、大转子骨密度,KR组和R组的后测结果均显著高于前测和C组(P0.05)。下肢肌肉量和下肢肌力,KR组和R组的后测结果均显著高于前测和C组(P0.05),KR组后测结果显著高于R组(P0.05)。结论糖耐量减低人群进行加压结合抗阻训练能提高糖耐量,改善胰岛素敏感性,同时增加其骨密度,降低骨吸收作用,增加下肢肌力和肌肉量。加压造成的静脉池效应诱发的生长激素、IGF-1、睾酮的分泌量增加是造成上述现象的主要影响因素。     

Bone mineral density and total body bone mineral content in 18- to 22-year-old women

One hundred sixty-four (164) healthy, young Caucasian women enrolled as midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy with no known disease or bone injury were followed for 3.6 years. Change in bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip, lumbar spine and distal tibia, and total body bone mineral content (TBMC) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone mineral density and TBMC of these women were measured within 2 months (60 ± 4 days) of entering the Academy and annually. Over the study period, hip BMD increased 2.26% (P < 0.001), lumbar spine BMD increased 3.27% (P < 0.001) and distal tibia BMD increased 5.2% (P < 0.001). Total body bone mineral content showed a 5.25% (P < 0.001) increase during the study period. In this group of young women, gain in BMD and TBMC continued until age 22. These results suggest that bone mass may accrue in certain groups of women beyond age 22. The significance of this increase in bone mass during early adulthood on risk for osteoporotic fractures in later life and its impact on exercise-related bone injuries are unknown and warrant further examination.     

Exercise maintains bone density at spine and hip EFOPS: a 3-year longitudinal study in early postmenopausal women

It is an important aim in the prevention of osteoporosis to stop or decelerate bone loss during the early postmenopausal years. Here we report on results of the 3-year EFOPS exercise trial in osteopenic women. The exercise strategy emphasized low-volume high-resistance strength training and high-impact aerobics. Forty-eight fully compliant women (55.1±3.3 years) with no medication or illness affecting bone metabolism participated in the exercise group (EG); 30 women (55.5±3.0 years) served as non-training controls (CG). At baseline there were no significant between-group differences with respect to physical fitness, bone mineral density, pain and nutritional status. The training consisted of two group training and two home training sessions per week. The study participants of both groups were individually supplemented with calcium and vitamin D (cholecalciferol). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DXA at the lumbar spine, proximal femur and distal forearm and by QCT at the lumbar spine. Speed of sound and broadband ultrasound attenuation were determined at the calcaneus by quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Pain frequency and intensity at different skeletal sites were assessed via questionnaire. After 38 months, the following within-group changes were measured: DXA lumbar spine, EG: 0.8% n.s.; CG: –3.3% P <0.001; QCT trabecular ROI, EG: 1.1% n.s; CG: –7.7% P <0.001; QCT cortical ROI, EG: 5.3% P <0.001; CG: –2.6% P <0.001; DXA total hip: EG: –0.2% n.s; CG –1.9%, P <0.001; DXA distal forearm, EG: –2.8% P <0.001; CG: –3.8% P <0.001; BUA, EG: –0.3% n.s; CG –5.4% P <0.001; SOS, EG: 0.3% n.s; CG –1.0% P <0.001. At year 3 between-group differences relative to the exercise group were: DXA lumbar spine: 4.1% P <0.001; QCT trabecular ROI: 8.8% P <0.001; QCT cortical ROI: 7.9% P <0.001; DXA total hip: 2.1%, P <0.001; DXA distal forearm: 1.0% n.s.; BUA: 5.8% P <0.05; SOS: 1.3% P <0.001. Pain frequency and intensity in the spine significantly decreased in the exercise group and increased in the control group, while no between-group differences were detected in the main joints. In summary, over a period of 3 years our low-volume/high-intensity exercise program was successful to maintain bone mineral density at the spine, hip and calcaneus, but not at the forearm.     

Ten-year prediction of osteoporosis from baseline bone mineral density: development of prognostic thresholds in healthy postmenopausal women. The Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study

Osteopenia is common in healthy women examined in the first year or two following menopause. Short-term fracture risk is low, but we lack algorithms to assess long-term risk of osteoporosis. Because bone loss proceeds at only a few percent per year, we speculated that baseline bone mineral density (BMD) would predict a large proportion of 10-year BMD and be useful for deriving predictive thresholds. We aimed to identify prognostic thresholds associated with less than 10% risk of osteoporosis by 10 years in the individual participant, in order to allow rational osteodensitometry and intervention. We analyzed dual energy X-ray absorptometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) from 872 women, who participated in the non-HRT arms of the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study and had remained on no HRT, bisphosphonates or raloxifene since inclusion 10 years ago. We defined development of a T -score below –2.5 at the LS and/or FN or incident fracture as end-point, and we derived prognostic thresholds for baseline BMD, defining 90% NPV (negative predictive value) and 90% sensitivity, respectively. Seventy-six percent of the variation in BMD of the LS at 10 years was predicted by baseline BMD. In an individual participant, a baseline BMD T -score above –1.4 (FN or LS, whichever was lower) was associated with a 10-year risk of less than 10% of developing osteoporotic BMD or fracture. This covered 69% of the population. By contrast, participants with T -scores below –1.4 had a 56% risk of fracture or low BMD within 10 years. At the population level, baseline T -score cutoffs below 0 at the LS (68% of the population), 0 at the FN (72%) or –0.6 (62%) at the lower of the two sites capture 90% of the population that developed osteoporosis during the following 10 years. A BMD measurement, performed in the first two years following menopause, is a strong long-term predictor of BMD in healthy women. The association is strong enough to provide robust prognostic thresholds, which can be used to divide the population into two prognostic classes at menopause.     

绝经后骨质疏松症患者肌力与骨密度的相关性研究

目的 探讨绝经后骨质疏松症患者腰部背伸肌力与骨密度的关系。方法 选择自2010年10月到2011年1月广东省部分地区行骨密度检测的144例女性骨质疏松症患者,年龄分布在50岁~75岁之间。根据中医辨证分型依次分为：肾阳虚衰组、肝肾阴虚组、脾肾阳虚组及气滞血瘀组。4组患者均行腰部背伸肌力检测,最后数据用SPSS16.0统计软件建立数据库,进行统计分析。结果 4组中L1～4平均BMD比较,肾阳虚衰组BMD较大,脾肾阳虚组次之,气滞血瘀组BMD值较小,4组之间两两比较均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。4组中腰部背伸肌力值比较,肾阳虚衰组肌力较大,脾肾阳虚组次之,气滞血瘀组肌力较小,肾阳虚衰组与脾肾阳虚组比较没有明显统计学差异（P＞0.05）,3组与气滞血瘀组比较均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;腰部背伸肌力与L1～4平均BMD值呈正相关。结论 4组中骨密度由高到低依次为肾阳虚衰、脾肾阳虚、肝肾阴虚、气滞血瘀,说明气滞血瘀型骨质疏松较其他3组骨质疏松严重。随着骨质疏松的发展,腰部背伸肌力日益减小,说明腰部背伸肌力的变化与骨密度呈正相关关系。     

10年前后RA患者骨质疏松发生情况的横断面对比研究

目的横断面对比10年前后类风湿关节炎(RA)患者骨密度(BMD)的变化和骨质疏松(OP)的发生情况,分析其发生的原因。方法采用DEXA法测定2011年确诊的120例RA患者和120例正常人股骨和腰椎部位BMD,详细记录RA患者各临床及实验室资料。同时与2001年53例RA患者的BMD等资料进行横断面对比。结果①正常人、2001年RA及2011年RA患者3组间OP发生率有明显差别(15.0%、22.6%、34.2%;x2=17.218,P=0.002)。②2001年53例RA患者中,非OP患者的年龄(43.73±15.06 vs 59.25±14.75,t=3.154,P=0.003)、CRP(35.35±31.91 vs 58.74±31.81,t=2.235,P=0.030)明显低于OP组。③2011年120例RA患者中,非OP患者的年龄(48.94±11.98 vs 56.66±14.26,t=3.135,P=0.002)、HAQ(1.39±0.67 vs 1.66±0.73,t=2.067,P=0.041)明显低于OP组。④2001年发生OP与非OP的RA患者中,服用糖皮质激素的患者比例无差别(P>0.05)。2011年发生OP的RA患者中服用糖皮质激素的患者比例为73.2%(30/41),明显高于非OP患者中的53.2%(42/79)(x2=4.501,P=0.034)。⑤与2001年RA相比,2011年RA患者的DAS28更低(6.77±1.38 vs 5.97±1.30,t=3.613,P<0.0001)、关节功能更好(1:18:22:12 vs 9:57:50:3,x2=20.690,P<0.0001),但关节X线分期更差(7:26:12:8 vs 13:27:53:23,x2=13.302,P=0.004)。⑥Logistic Regression分析发现:年龄(OR=1.093,P=0.010,95%CI:1.022～1.169)和CRP(OR=1.025,P=0.037,95%CI:1.002～1.48)为2001年RA患者发生OP的危险因素;年龄(OR=1.047,P=0.012,95%CI:1.010～1.085)和HAQ评分(OR=2.040,P=0.046,95%CI:1.013～4.111)为2011年RA患者发生OP的危险因素。结论 10年前后的横断面对比研究提示,RA患者OP发生率明显高于正常人,且呈上升趋势;高龄和RA疾病活动性是两个不同年度的横断面资料中RA患者发生OP的相同的危险因素。RA患者中糖皮质激素的使用比例的增高,可能是其关节炎症表现好转,但关节X线分期更差及OP发生率更高的原因之一。     

Home-based resistance training improves femoral bone mineral density in women on hormone therapy

This study tested whether moderate resistance training would improve femoral bone mineral density (BMD) in long-term users of hormone therapy with low BMD. The study was a 2-year randomized, controlled, trial (RCT) of moderate resistance training of either the lower extremity or the upper extremity. Eighty-five women participated in a 6-month observation period. The setting was center-based and home-based training. The participants were 189 women aged 59–78 years, with total femur T-scores from –0.8 to –2.8 and on hormone therapy (HT) for a minimum of 2 years (mean 11.8 years); 153 completed the trial. Lower extremity training used weight belts (mean 7.8 kg) in step-ups and chair rises; upper extremity training used elastic bands and dumbbells. Measurements were BMD and body composition [dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)], bone turnover markers. Total femoral BMD showed a downward trend during the observation period: 0.35%±0.18% (P=0.14). The response to training was similar in the upper and lower groups in the primary outcomes. At 2 years, total femoral BMD increased 1.5% (95% CI 0.8%–2.2%) in the lower group and 1.8% (95% CI 1.1%–2.5%) in the upper group. Trochanter BMD increased 2.4% (95% CI 1.3%–3.5%) in the lower group and 2.5% (95% CI 1.4%–3.6%) in the upper group (for both analyses time effect P<0.001). At 1 year, a bone resorption marker (C-telopeptide) decreased 9% (P=0.04). Bone formation markers, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, decreased 5% (P<0.001), and N-terminal type I procollagen peptide decreased 7% (P=0.01). Body composition (percent lean and percent body fat) was maintained in both groups. We concluded that long-term moderate resistance training reversed bone loss, decreased bone turnover, increased femur BMD, and maintained body composition. The similarity of response in upper and lower groups supports a systemic response rather than a site-specific response to moderate resistance training.     

抗骨质疏松治疗的最佳他汀类药物及剂量选择的动物试验研究

【】 目的 探索具有最佳抗骨质疏松作用的他汀药物种类和药物剂量,为进一步的研究他汀药物同时发挥抗骨质疏松和调脂作用提供基础。 方法 40只12月龄新西兰白兔通过双侧卵巢切除和泼尼松龙诱导8周建立骨质疏松症模型,随机分为4组：生理盐水(NS)组,瑞舒伐他汀(RSV)组,辛伐他汀(Sim)组,阿仑膦酸钠片(ALN)组。RSV组和Sim组按药物剂量梯度20、40、60、80、100(mg/kg.d)分为5小组。在第0、8、12、24、36周末测量白兔股骨骨密度(BMD)和骨钙素(BGP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRACP-5b)值。 结果 8周末白兔BMD较0周时明显降低(P＜0.05)。RSV组、Sim组比NS组BMD、BGP水平明显升高,TRACP-5b水平显著降低(P＜0.01),并且RSV组与ALN组指标水平接近(P＞0.05)。RSV组内中以60mg/kg.d喂养时,BMD、BGP较其他组明显升高。结论 他汀类药物具有抗骨质疏松的作用,效果接近唑来膦酸;亲水性瑞舒伐他汀比疏水性他汀药物更有作用;并且剂量在60mg/kg.d时效果更好。     

成年男性骨质疏松症的病例筛选与防治对策探讨

目的 探讨重庆地区中老年男性骨质疏松症的病例筛选、诊断以及对本地区中老年男性骨质疏松与骨质疏松性骨折的防治措施。方法 对180例不同程度出现常见的骨质疏松症状的40岁以上成年男性，使用双能X线骨密度仪（DXA）进行骨密度（BMD）测定。按年龄段（10年）分组统计BMD值，观察各年龄段骨质疏松与骨折发生情况。结合 病史及受检人群的社会、行为因素与疾病情况进行分析，提出病例筛选、诊断与防治措施。结果 重庆地区40岁以上的男性患者，出现常见的骨质疏松症状，或X片有骨质疏松改变，进行DXA检查骨质疏松症患者（T-score≤-2．5SD）的检出率较高。40岁到69岁期间的患骨质疏松症的男性人群，骨质疏松性骨折的发病随年龄段上升呈缓慢增加趁势，70岁以后的骨质疏松症患者骨折发生率明显增加（P〈0．01）。男性人群中存在日常膳食钙摄人量低、活动锻炼少、嗜烟酒等不良行为因素影响较普遍；部分人患有可能影响骨代谢异常的重叠性疾病。结论 40岁以后的成年男性临床出现常见的骨质疏松症状，X片检查提示骨质疏松改变，如果DXA骨密度测定T值低于-2．5SD，诊断为骨质疏松症较为客观。除高龄的因素外，成年男性人群中膳食钙含量低，缺少运动，不良嗜好，患影响骨代谢的疾病及环境因素等，都可能加快中老年男性骨矿物质的丢失过早患骨质疏松症。保持健康的生活、饮食习惯与针对性的药物治疗都是重要的防治措施。     

晚孕妇女骨密度变化的研究

目的探讨晚孕妇女骨密度的变化。方法用单光子γ射线吸收法测定３０４例健康晚孕妇女桡骨远端１／１０点与中远端１／３点的骨密度,并与同年龄组的健康非孕妇女相比较。结果晚孕组骨密度均值低于非孕组,１／１０点Ⅰ度和Ⅱ度骨量减少发生率均高于１／３点。结论相当一部分晚孕妇女不同程度的存在骨量减少现象,骨密度测定对发现孕妇骨密度低有重要意义。     

不同给药方案阿仑膦酸钠治疗绝经后妇女骨质疏松症18个月效果研究

目的阿仑膦酸钠是临床治疗绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的首选药物。本实验观察阿仑膦酸钠不同给药方案对绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的治疗效果以及不良反应的发生情况。方法本实验为开放、随机、平行对照临床研究。纳入西安两社区绝经后妇女共80名,年龄49～79岁,绝经年限3～31年。实验分为低剂量组和常规剂量组。低剂量组为每两周口服阿仑膦酸钠一次,每次70mg,疗程18个月。常规剂量组为每周口服阿仑膦酸钠一次,每次70mg,疗程18个月。两组同时每日服用钙尔奇D3600mg。实验主要观察指标为:第二腰椎到第四腰椎(L2-L4)、股骨颈、大转子、股骨干骨密度值变化,血液指标(血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶),肝肾功能指标(丙氨酸氨基转移酶、血肌酐),不良反应及新发骨折情况。结果 80例患者全部进入结果分析:①骨密度测定:每组患者治疗18个月后L2-L4、股骨颈、股骨大转子、股骨干的骨密度与治疗前相比均明显升高,差异有显著性意义(P﹤0.05)。低剂量组与常规剂量组相比L2-L4骨密度、股骨颈骨密度、股骨干骨密度值差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),表明两种给药方案相比增加骨密度效果相似。②两组患者血液指标及肝肾功能指标治疗前后均在正常范围内,显示两种用药方法均安全可靠。③不良反应主要为上腹部不适,两组不良反应差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),低剂量组显著低于常规剂量组。④两组患者均无新发骨折病例。结论阿仑膦酸钠治疗绝经后妇女骨质疏松症安全有效,低剂量用药方案与常规剂量用药方案相比增加骨密度效果和药物安全性相似,用药更加简单方便,不良反应更小,经济效益更高,是临床值得推荐的用药方案。