特异性免疫治疗对支气管哮喘患儿Treg水平及肺功能的影响

为探讨特异性免疫治疗对支气管哮喘患儿Treg水平及肺功能的影响,选取60例支气管哮喘患儿,随机分为试验组和对照组(30例/组).对照组给予基础用药治疗,试验组在基础用药治疗的同时给予特异性免疫治疗,比较2组治疗前后Treg水平和肺功能的变化.结果显示,治疗1年后2组CD4+CD25highT细胞、CD4+CD25hig...     

硫酸镁联合孟鲁司特钠治疗对小儿支气管哮喘肺功能及免疫功能的影响分析

目的分析硫酸镁联合孟鲁司特钠治疗对小儿支气管哮喘肺功能及免疫功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年2月至2019年10月本院收治的89例支气管哮喘患儿临床资料,按照治疗方法的差异分为联合组(n=43)和对照组(n=46)。对照组在常规药物治疗基础上加用硫酸镁治疗,联合组则采用硫酸镁联合孟鲁司特钠片治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后肺功能、免疫功能、临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果联合组临床总有效率为95.35%,显著高于对照组的78.26%(P0.05);联合组治疗后FVC、FEV_1、FEV1/FVC水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组患者免疫功能各指标均有所升高,且联合组IgM、IgG、IgA、CD_(4+)、CD_(4+)/CD_(8+)均显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论硫酸镁联合孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿支气管哮喘效果显著,可明显改善患儿肺功能并调节其免疫功能,安全性高,值得临床推广。     

自拟定喘化痰方辅助治疗支气管哮喘急性发作的临床研究

目的:研究我院自拟定喘化痰方辅助治疗支气管哮喘急性发作的临床效果.方法:以2018年10月至2020年1月于我院接受治疗的78例支气管哮喘急性发作患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组(n=39).对照组患者给予布地奈德粉吸入剂Bid进行治疗,观察组患者在此基础上联合使用我院自拟定喘化痰方进行治疗,治疗2 w后,采用哮喘控制测试(Asthma control test,ACT)评价患者哮喘控制情况;同时比较治疗前、后患者中医症状积分(气粗息涌,胸膈烦闷,呛咳频繁)以及用力肺活量(Forced vital capacity,FVC)、最大呼气峰流速(Peak expiratory flow,PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积Forced expiratory volume in 1 second,FEV1).结果:治疗2 w后,观察组ACT评级明显低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者气粗息涌、胸膈烦闷、呛咳频繁等中医症状积分较治疗前均有显著下降,且观察组积分低于同一时间对照组患者(P<0.05);两组患者FVC、PEF、FEV1水平较治疗前均有明显提升,且观察组显著高于同一时间对照组(P<0.05).结论:自拟定喘化痰方结合常规药物治疗支气管哮喘急性发作效果优良,有利于缓解患者临床症状,具有临床使用价值.     

不同时程心理应激对支气管哮喘大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨幼年和成年期心理应激对成年支气管哮喘大鼠免疫功能的影响及其生理机制。方法:将32只Wistar幼年大鼠随机分为哮喘模型组(成年期制备哮喘模型)、成年应激哮喘组(成年时给予心理应激的哮喘大鼠)、幼年应激哮喘组(幼年时给予心理应激的哮喘大鼠)和正常对照组(n=8)。建立心理应激与哮喘大鼠模型,肺组织HE染色与白细胞亚群计数,放免法测定血清IL-4、皮质醇、肺泡灌洗液IgE及脑组织IL-1β含量。结果:束缚应激可加重哮喘动物气道炎症和多项免疫指标紊乱。幼年应激后幼年应激哮喘组血清皮质醇显著高于其他各组(P0.01),哮喘造模结束后成年应激哮喘组大鼠中枢IL-1β和血清皮质醇含量升高,幼年应激哮喘组降低。结论:幼年与成年心理应激均加重了大鼠哮喘,但存在不同机制,HPA轴在这一过程中起了重要作用。     

复可托治疗小儿反复肺炎支原体感染的疗效及对 免疫功能和肺功能的影响

目的 探讨复可托治疗小儿反复肺炎支原体感染的疗效及对免疫功能和肺功能的影响。方法 选取我院2015年1月~2017年1月收治的88例反复MP感染患儿为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为两组,各44例。对照组患儿给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上口服复可托,对比两组患儿临床疗效、免疫指标、肺功能指标。结果 观察组总有效率为97.73%,高于对照组的81.82%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组患儿IgA、IgM、IgG、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+等免疫指标优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组患儿肺功能指标FVC、FEV1、PEF、FEF25、FEF50、FEF75均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 复可托治疗小儿反复MP感染临床疗效显著,可有效改善免疫功能和肺功能。     

自拟"化积汤"治疗小儿积滞证60例

笔者自1999年以来，应用自拟“化积汤”治疗小儿积滞证60例，获得较好疗效，现报道如下：     

支气管哮喘—肺功能—遗传关系的初步观察

临床遗传学确认支气管哮喘（下称哮喘）是一种遗传病,发病过程中肺功能有一定变化。作者通过60名过敏性哮喘缓解期病员及30名健康对照组进行了临床、遗传学、IgE及部分肺功能（流速容量曲线、肺活量、残气、功能残气、肺总量、最大通气量、时间肺活量等）的测定探讨了哮喘——肺功能——遗传三者的关系,调查中发现两组受试者的部分肺功能（流速容量曲线图形及测定值）有明显不同;哮喘组中流速容量曲线图形及测定值异常例数为44例,占73.3％,对照组中异常例数为3例,占10.0％,经统计测定P<0.05。另外,哮喘组流速容量曲线中V_(50)％VC为1.10,V_(25)％VC为O.60,V_(50)/V_(25)为1.83;对照组则V_(50)％VC为5.88,V_(25)％VC为2.15,V_(50)/V_(25)为2.73,经统计测定P<0.OS.这些充分表明了遗传性疾病哮喘的发病与肺功能改变有关。并且有阳性遗传家族史的30个家族与阴性遗传家族史的30个家族的部分肺功能,（流速容量曲线图形及测定值）有明显不同;哮喘阳性遗传家族史组中流速容量曲线图形态及测定值异常例数为3O例,异常率达100％,而哮喘阴性遗传家族史组中异常例数为14例,异常率为46.7％,两组经统计测定P相似文献   

氧气驱动雾化吸入对支气管哮喘患者肺功能及血氧饱和度的影响

目的 探讨氧气驱动雾化吸入对支气管哮喘患者肺功能及血氧饱和度的影响。方法 选取2017年3月~2019年3月我院收治的86例支气管哮喘患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各43例。对照组实施超声雾化吸入治疗,观察组实施氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗,比较两组肺功能指标（PA-aDO2、FEV1、PEF及RI）、血氧饱和度及不良反应发生率。结果 治疗后,观察组PA-aDO2、RI低于对照组[（2.40±0.39）kPa vs（2.97±0.42）kPa]、[（0.18±0.08）vs（0.29±0.06）],FEV1、PEF高于对照组[（2.01±0.16）L vs（1.46±0.18）L]、[（125.29±9.68）ml/min vs（108.55±8.79）ml/min],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组血氧饱和度高于对照组[（95.04±2.53）% vs（88.63±2.42）%],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组不良反应发生率比较（6.98% vs 11.63%）,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 氧气驱动雾化吸入可有效增强支气管哮喘患者肺功能,提高血氧饱和度,且不增加不良反应。     

吸入性糖皮质激素治疗小儿支气管哮喘的临床疗效及对血清炎性因子的影响

目的:观察并分析吸入性糖皮质激素治疗小儿支气管哮喘的临床疗效及对血清炎性因子水平的影响。方法:选取本院2019-10—2021-10收治的急性期支气管哮喘患儿80例作为研究对象,随机分成对照组40例和观察组40例,对照组患儿实施常规治疗加孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片口服,观察组患儿在常规治疗的基础上辅以吸入性糖皮质激素治疗。治疗7天后,比较两组患儿临床疗效、临床症状改善时间以及治疗前后肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气峰流速(PEF)]和血清炎性因子指标[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)]水平变化及组间差异。结果:治疗7天后,观察组患儿总有效率为92.50%,显著高于对照组的72.50%(P<0.05)。观察组患儿哮鸣音消失时间、气促消失时间、咳嗽消失时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患儿FEV1、FVC、PEF、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均较治疗前改善,且观察组患儿改善效果均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患儿不良反应率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:支气管哮喘小儿常规治疗辅以吸入性糖皮质激素治疗疗效更显著,且安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

过敏性支气管哮喘患者粘膜SIgA免疫功能的研究

在进一步明确疾病诊断和改进测定方法的基础上,本文从外分泌液中SIgA和外周血淋巴细胞培养上清液中IgA含量测定两个方面对过敏性哮喘患者的粘膜SIgA免疫功能进行了研究。过敏性哮喘病人唾液SIgA粘膜局部分泌率与鼻分泌液中SIgA含量均较正常人显著增高(p=0.028,0.021),表明过敏性哮喘患者可能呈粘膜SIgA免疫高反应状态。其外周血淋巴细胞培养上清液中IgA含量与唾液、鼻分泌液中SIgA含量无明显相关性,提示过敏性哮喘病人粘膜IgA分泌细胞的功能异常可能与细胞免疫调节障碍有关。     

支气管肺炎患儿机体免疫功能变化的分析

目的通过对支气管肺炎患儿T细胞亚群、血清免疫球蛋白、血清补体及细胞因子变化的分析,探讨小儿支气管肺炎机体免疫功能状态及免疫学发病机制,为临床了解病情、选择适当的治疗方案提供理论依据。方法支气管肺炎组65例,男39例,女26例,年龄2个月～13岁,平均年龄4.1岁。对照组20例,男12例,女8例,年龄1～12岁,平均年龄4.3岁。应用多色流式细胞术检测T细胞亚群(CD3+、CD3+CD4+Th、CD3+CD8+Ts、CD3+CD4+Th/CD3+CD8+Ts)、应用免疫散射比浊法检测血清免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)、血清补体(C3、C4)、应用ELISA法检测血清细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-4)。结果支气管肺炎组T细胞亚群改变明显,CD3+、CD3+CD4+Th显著低于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.01);CD3+CD8+Ts显著高于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.01);CD3+CD4+Th/CD3+CD8+Ts比值降低,与对照组相比,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。支气管肺炎组血清IgA、IgG水平显著低于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.01);支气管肺炎组血清补体C3低于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。支气管肺炎组血清细胞因子IFN-γ浓度及Th1/Th2比值高于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论支气管肺炎患儿存在细胞免疫和体液免疫功能紊乱,对支气管肺炎患儿检测免疫功能有助于判断病情、指导治疗。     

Adrenal function of children with bronchial asthma treated with beclomethasone dipropionate.

The function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was investigated in nine asthmatic children treated by inhalation of beclomethasone dipropionate (300 micrograms/day) for 12 weeks. The trial was designed as a prospective study. The 24-hour urinary free cortisol, serum cortisol, response to ACTH, and nocturnal serum cortisol followed by 20-minute sampling were measured before and after the study period. No significant changes were found, suggesting that inhaled beclomethasone, in a daily dose of 300 micrograms, does not cause suppression of the HPA axis.     

Adrenal function in children with bronchial asthma treated with beclomethasone dipropionate or budesonide

The effect of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and budesonide on the adrenal function was studied in 30 children (aged 7 to 15 years) with mild bronchial asthma. The trial was designed as a prospective double-blind parallel study of the effect of stepwise increase of either beclomethasone dipropionate or budesonide from 200 micrograms through 400 micrograms, to 800 micrograms daily in three consecutive periods of 4 weeks. At the end of each period, the adrenal stress response was evaluated by measurements of serum cortisol and androstenedione during a short adrenocorticotropic hormone test. The unstimulated diurnal production of glucocorticosteroids was assessed by measurements of free cortisol in 24-hour urine samples. Free cortisol in urine was found a valid measure of the total diurnal excretion of cortisol metabolites, since it exhibited a good correlation to the fractional cortisol metabolites measured by gas chromatography. The adrenal response to adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation was unaffected by treatment or dose. The unstimulated diurnal production of glucocorticosteroids demonstrated a highly significant dose-related suppression in response to the inhaled steroids. No significant difference was found between the two topical steroids (probability value 5.3%), and yet the suppression was apparent in the group of children treated with beclomethasone dipropionate but not in the group of children treated with budesonide. Further studies are desirable in order to ascertain whether budesonide offers an improved ratio between beneficial anti-inflammatory effect and unwanted systemic activity.     

Irreversible lung function deficits in young adults with a history of childhood asthma

BACKGROUND: Asthma, traditionally characterized as reversible airway obstruction, might lead to structural changes and permanent impairment. OBJECTIVE: We sought to study the frequency, severity, and reversibility of pulmonary deficits in adults with a history of moderate-to-severe childhood allergic asthma. METHODS: Subjects (n = 121) previously enrolled in a randomized trial of immunotherapy for childhood asthma were recalled. Eighty-four young adults (age, 17-30 years; 78% male) were reevaluated by means of spirometry. Subjects with a postbronchodilator FEV1, forced vital capacity, or FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio less than or equal to the 5th percentile or 2 or more indices less than or equal to the 10th percentile (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III normative data) were invited to undergo complete pulmonary function testing, physical examination, and chest radiography after 1 week of 1 mg/kg daily prednisone. RESULTS: Of 84 subjects reevaluated, 40 (48%) had one or more spirometric indices less than or equal to the 5th and 10th percentiles (P < .0001). Twenty-eight of the 40 subjects were reassessed after prednisone treatment, of whom 21 (75%) did not improve. Adult and childhood (age 5-12 years) spirometric results were positively correlated (r = 0.49-0.72, P < .001). Abnormal adult spirometric results were associated with a longer duration of asthma at enrollment in the original trial (4.6 vs 6 years, P=.02), increased childhood methacholine sensitivity (PC20, 0.11 vs 0.18 mg/mL; P = .01), and birth prematurity (adjusted odds ratio, 10.7; 95% CI, 1.4-84.5). Immunotherapy status was unrelated to adult lung function. CONCLUSIONS: Many adults with a history of moderate-to-severe allergic asthma in childhood have irreversible lung function deficits. Childhood spirometry, duration of asthma, methacholine sensitivity, and birth prematurity might identify such individuals at a young age.     

Circulating immune complexes in patients with house-dust-mite-sensitive bronchial asthma

Sera from forty patients with house-dust-mite-sensitive bronchial asthma were examined for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) by the sensitive and quantitative CIq solid-phase radioimmunoassay (Clq-SP) and a monoclonal rheumatoid factor solid-phase radioimmunoassay (mRF-SP). Compared to fifteen normal individuals, the asthmatic patients showed significantly higher mean values of Clq-reactive materials; however, there was no difference between the results from the patients treated by immunotherapy using Dermatophagoides farinae extract and those not so treated. Moreover, immune complexes in eight patients before and after immunotherapy showed that the amount of the complexes tend to decrease during immunotherapy. Furthermore, the presence of complexes had no relationship with the amounts of mite-specific IgG antibody. Similar results were also obtained in tests using mRF-SP. These data suggest that complexes in the sera of the house-dust-mite-sensitive asthmatic patients are not necessarily associated either with immunotherapy or with the mite-specific IgG antibodies.     

Bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction: predictors of future lung function in childhood asthma

BACKGROUND: Persistently low levels of lung function are associated with subsequent symptoms in patients with asthma as children. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that objective measures of baseline pulmonary function would be independently associated with future lung function in the Childhood Asthma Management Program and that these associations might vary with treatment. METHODS: We evaluated the association of FEV1, airway responsiveness, and bronchodilator response at randomization as predictors of longitudinal growth in FEV1 at the 48-month follow-up visit in the 1041 Childhood Asthma Management Program participants. RESULTS: Baseline levels of airway responsiveness and bronchodilator response were significantly associated with baseline level of lung function. In multivariate models, higher bronchodilator response (beta = 0.22; P < .0001), log PC20 (beta = 1.82; P < .0001), and FEV1 (beta = 0.58; P < .0001) at randomization were each associated with higher levels of prebronchodilator FEV1, as a percent of predicted, after 4 years. Similar associations were noted for prebronchodilator forced vital capacity and FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio. Baseline bronchodilator response was a particularly powerful predictor of lung function improvements while on inhaled corticosteroids, whereas airway responsiveness was a better predictor in subjects not randomized to any controller medications. CONCLUSION: We conclude that baseline bronchodilator response, airway responsiveness, and level of FEV1 are independent predictors of subsequent level of FEV1 in childhood asthma and may have treatment-specific prognostic significance for persistence of symptoms into early adulthood. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: In asthma, bronchodilator and bronchoconstrictor responses are independent predictors of future lung function and should not be used interchangeably; bronchodilator response may indicate good response to inhaled corticosteroids.     

Substance p-induced cutaneous and bronchial reactions in children with bronchial asthma.

We studied substance P-induced cutaneous and bronchial reactions in children with allergic disorders. Furthermore, inhibitory effects of lidocaine on these responses elicited by substance P were also studied. In the intradermal test, children with moderate or severe bronchial asthma showed significantly stronger reactions than controls. In bronchial challenge with substance P, children with bronchial asthma showed an increasing fall in FEV1 and V50 in proportion to the severity of their asthma. Concomitant use of lidocaine significantly inhibited not only substance P-induced intradermal erythema and wheal reactions but air flow limitations. It also inhibited histamine-induced erythema and house dust-induced wheal and erythema reactions. No adverse reactions to lidocaine were observed. These results suggest that substance P might play an important role in cutaneous and bronchial hypersensitivity reactions in humans and that lidocaine has an inhibitory effect on substance P-induced reactions.