妊娠期妇女沙眼衣原体感染的检测报告

妊娠期妇女的各种衣原体感染常可引起自然流产、早产、胎膜早破、足月低体重儿及新生儿发病率的增加。性生活活跃期的妇女中约２０％－４０％有衣原体接触史，本室采用ＰＣＲ检测法对早、中期妊娠妇女沙眼衣原体感染进行了检测研究。资料与方法１．临床资料：９７年元月至...     

孕早期沙眼衣原体宫内感染的检测

本研究利用ＰＣＲ技术和地高辛标记的ＤＮＡ探针对５９例早孕绒毛组织中沙眼衣原体染进行研究。结果发现２例绒毛组织有沙眼衣原体感染，并感染率为３．４％，研究证实沙眼衣原体可引起孕早基歼宫内感染，建议对沙眼衣原体感染的孕妇进行宫内感染的产前诊断。     

生殖道沙眼衣原体感染与自然流产的关系

目的探讨沙眼衣原体（CT）与自然流产的关系。方法对67例（自然流产组）和52例人工流产及正常妊娠中期妇女（对照组）的宫颈粘液，及9例自然流产组和27例人工流产妇女的流产胚胎组织进行CT检测。结果自然流产组的宫腔粘液和流产胚胎组织中CT阳性率均明显高于时照组，两组比较差异有显著性（P＜0．01），且随着自然流产次数的增加，CT阳性率又逐步增高的趋势（P＜0．05）。结论生殖系统CT感染与部分自然流产关系密切，宫内CT感染可侵入胚胎，影响胚胎发育，导致流产。     

沙眼衣原体宫内感染的诊断与防治

沙眼衣原体（ＣＴ）是人类的重要病原体之一。ＣＴ感染人群罹患率极高，美国每年有４００万病例，国内生殖道感染调查为女性婚检ＣＴ检出率８．５％，妇科病人１７．８％，生殖道炎症者达４０％甚至更高。ＣＴ感染在我国也已构成流行，北京报告９０２例女性门诊病人ＣＴ阳...     

沙眼衣原体生殖道感染免疫及疫苗研究进展

沙眼衣原体 (ｃｈｌａｍｙｄｉａｔｒａｃｈｏｍａｔｉｓ ,ＣＴ)是一种严格的细胞内寄生性微生物 ,是沙眼和性传播疾病的主要病原体 ;通过性接触传播 ,可引起男性尿道炎、附睾炎 ,女性宫颈炎、盆腔炎 ,还可继发不育和异位妊娠等 ,对人类健康构成极大危害[1] 。为了控制沙眼衣原体的感染 ,很多实验室从各个方面对沙眼衣原体做了大量的研究工作并取得了很大进展 ,包括在 1998年获得了沙眼衣原体基因组的全部序列。沙眼衣原体疫苗的发展可以预防沙眼衣原体所致性传播疾病 ,迄今已从多种途径探讨疫苗的研制 ,但尚无成熟疫苗问世。沙眼衣原体感染…     

女性生残系统炎症患者沙眼衣原体感染分析

女性生殖系统炎症是妇科常见病之一，其发病涉及多种内外因子，寻找区分确切病因是对症治疗的关键。沙眼衣原体（ｃｈｌａｍｙｚｏｄｏａ　ｔｒａｃｈｏｍａｔｉｓ，Ｃｔ）是专性细胞内寄生物，其感染女性生殖道细胞后，能繁殖、传播并损伤粘膜组织，破坏生殖道环境，进而诱发生殖系统炎症。Ｃｔ感染的诊断决定于病原学检查，随着检测技术的进展，Ｃｔ感染的诊断也不断发生变化，本文采用聚合酶链反应（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎ　ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ，ＰＣＲ）扩增Ｃｔ特异基因，对来我院就治的女性生殖系统炎症患者进行Ｃｔ检测，以了…     

金标法检测514例生殖道感染妇女宫颈分泌物中沙眼衣原体抗原

目的了解育龄妇女宫颈分泌物标本中沙眼衣原体抗原阳性率。方法用金标法对2004年1月至2005年9月间拟诊为生殖道感染的年龄在23~40岁之间的育龄妇女宫颈分泌物标本检测沙眼衣原体抗原。结果514例拟诊为生殖道感染的育龄妇女生殖道标本中126例为沙眼衣原体抗原阳性,阳性率为24.5%,高于对照组(8.0%),经统计学处理,二者间有高度显著性差异(P<0.005)。结论育龄妇女生殖遒感染与沙眼衣原体有关,育龄妇女沙眼衣原体感染率较高,因孕期感染沙眼衣原体可引起母婴传播,所以应孕前、孕期及产前应常规检测沙眼衣原体,并且最好同时检测解脲支原体和淋球菌。这对优生工作有重要意义。     

沙眼衣原体感染及其诊治

沙眼衣原体(Chlamydlatrach trachomatis，CT)可致沙眼。沙眼致盲曾是一个严重的社会问题．随着人们生活水平的提高，此问题已不复存在。但CT可侵犯泌尿生殖道，在西方工业化国家中CT已是最流行的性传播疾病病原体。美国每年至少有400万CT感染者．医疗费用高达20亿美元。     

沙眼衣原体和肺炎衣原体感染母婴传播研究

了解孕妇宫颈沙眼衣原体，肺炎衣原体感染及母婴传播情况，探讨其与围产期疾病的关系。方法；于妊娠晚期收集孕妇宫颈脱落细胞，于分娩时收集羊水，新生儿口咽分泌物，应用套式ＰＣＲ方法检测ＣＴ，ＣＰＤＮＡ的存在。结果：１．宫颈分泌物ＣＴ阳性率：异常妊娠组１４．０％明显高于正常妊娠组的３．２％；ＣＰ阳性率：宫内发育迟缓组１１．１％高于正常妊娠组的１．１％。２．羊水ＣＴ，ＣＰ阳性率：宫颈阳性组分别为２８．６％及６     

孕期沙眼衣原体感染与妊娠结局的关系

目的研究孕期沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis,CT)与妊娠结局的关系.方法120例CT感染给予治疗的孕妇为A组;选择在年龄、孕周与之匹配因故未治疗的57例CT感染孕妇为B组;同期行围产监测的120例正常孕妇为C组.比较不良妊娠结局及宫内感染率.结果B组的自然流产、胎膜早破、早产、低体重儿、产褥感染、新生儿结膜炎、新生儿肺炎的发生率高于C组,P＜0.05,差异有显著性意义.A组与B组相比,其妊娠结局好转、宫内感染率下降,P＜0.05,差异有显著性意义.结论孕期CT感染可造成不良妊娠结局,治疗降低了宫内垂直传播率,应在孕前、孕早期常规筛查以便早诊早治从而改善妊娠结局.     

Attenuated poxvirus expressing three immunodominant CMV antigens as a vaccine strategy for CMV infection.

BACKGROUND: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important risk factor in the post-transplant (Tx) recovery phase for both hematopoietic stem cell Tx (HSCT) and solid organ Tx (SOT) recipients. CMV infection may be prevented or controlled by simultaneously inducing both CMV-specific neutralizing antibody (nAb) and cellular immunity. Soluble (s) UL55 (surface glycoprotein), UL83 (tegument protein) and UL123/e4 (nuclear protein) are immunodominant in eliciting both CMV nAb and cellular immunity. An attenuated poxvirus, modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) was selected to develop this vaccine strategy in Tx recipients, because of its clinical safety record, large foreign gene capacity, and capability to activate strong humoral and cellular immune responses against recombinant antigens. OBJECTIVES: A subunit vaccine that targets multiple CMV antigens will be used to gain maximal coverage and protective function against CMV infection. rMVA simultaneously expressing sUL55, UL83 and UL123/e4 will be generated, and humoral and cellular immunity it elicits will be characterized, after murine immunization and in vitro to amplify clinical recall responses. STUDY DESIGN: rMVA will be constructed in two steps using UL123/e4-pLW22 followed by sUL55-UL83-pLW51 transfer plasmids. Western blots will be used to characterize expression levels of each antigen. Primary immunity will be evaluated in mouse models, while recall responses to the virally expressed CMV antigens will be assessed in human peripheral blood. RESULTS: We generated CMV-MVA via homologous recombination, and demonstrated high expression levels of sUL55, UL83 and UL123/e4 by Western blot. CMV-MVA immunization potently induced both humoral and cellular immunity to sUL55, UL83 and UL123 after murine immunization, and cellular immunity to UL83 and UL123 by in vitro amplification of T cell recall responses in human PBMC. CONCLUSIONS: rMVA promotes high level expression of three immunodominant CMV antigens, which is reflected in results of immunization studies in which high titers of UL55-specific antibodies and CD4+ T-help are detected, as well as high levels of UL83-specific and moderate levels of UL123-specific CD8+ CTL.     

Identification of immunodominant antigens by probing a whole Chlamydia trachomatis open reading frame proteome microarray using sera from immunized mice

Chlamydia trachomatis infections can lead to severe chronic complications, including trachoma, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. The only effective approach to disease control is vaccination. The goal of this work was to identify new potential vaccine candidates through a proteomics approach. We constructed a protein chip array (Antigen Discovery, Inc.) by expressing the open reading frames (ORFs) from C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) genomic and plasmid DNA and tested it with serum samples from MoPn-immunized mice. Two groups of BALB/c female mice were immunized either intranasally or intravaginally with live elementary bodies (EB). Another two groups were immunized by a combination of the intramuscular and subcutaneous routes with UV-treated EB (UV-EB), using either CpG and Montanide as adjuvants to favor a Th1 response or alum to elicit a Th2 response. Serum samples collected at regular intervals postimmunization were tested in the proteome array. The microarray included the expression products of 909 proteins from a total of 921 ORFs of the Chlamydia MoPn genome and plasmid. A total of 185 immunodominant proteins elicited an early and sustained antibody response in the mice immunized with live EB, and of these, 71 were also recognized by the sera from mice immunized with UV-EB. The reactive antigens included some proteins that were previously described as immunogenic, such as the major outer membrane protein, OmpB, Hsp60, and IncA and proteins from the type III secretion system. In addition, we identified in mice several new immunogens, including 75 hypothetical proteins. In summary, we have identified a new group of immunodominant chlamydial proteins that can be tested for their ability to induce protection.     

Zinc-regulated biosynthesis of immunodominant antigens from Aspergillus spp

ASPND1 and ASPF2 are immunodominant antigens from Aspergillus nidulans and A. fumigatus, respectively, that are readily synthesized in infections in the human host, as demonstrated by their reactivity with more than 80% of sera from patients with aspergilloma or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. We demonstrate here that both antigens are exclusively produced under situations of low bioavailability of free Zn2+. Addition of micromolar concentrations of Zn2+ to the culture medium strongly stimulated Aspergillus growth but totally inhibited ASPND1 or ASPF2 production. This effect was specific, since other divalent metals had no effect. Removal of endogenous Zn2+ by a chelator also stimulated ASPND1 production, and the effect was specifically reversed by Zn2+. These results suggest a possible role of these antigens in the survival of the fungus in the lungs.     

Characterization of Chlamydia pneumoniae species-specific proteins immunodominant in humans.

Proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae immunodominant in humans were characterized with the sera of 13 patients who were not likely to have been exposed to C. trachomatis or C. psittaci. The serological responses among these patients were similar on a qualitative basis, but some differences were found quantitatively. However, the serological responses of the patients who were infected with C. pneumoniae differed markedly from those of two patients who were infected with C. trachomatis and two who were infected with C. psittaci and those of mice that were transtracheally infected with C. pneumoniae. Among proteins immunodominant in the patients who were infected with C. pneumoniae, a 40-kDa major outer membrane protein was genus specific and 53-, 46-, and 43-kDa proteins were species specific in their reactions with the majority of the human sera used. A few sera reacted strongly with a 73-kDa protein genus specifically. Some proteins with weak immunogenicity exhibited species specificity. An antigenic analysis with human sera and murine monoclonal antibodies against the 53-kDa protein showed that hte antigenicities were strictly conserved among the seven strains of C. pneumoniae tested. The genus-specific 73-kDa protein was solubilized with octylglucoside. All of the species-specific immunodominant proteins were solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate, but the genus-specific major outer membrane protein was not. These results suggest that a serological diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection could be achieved species specifically by comparison of the serum responses to sodium dodecyl sulfate- and octylglucoside-soluble fractions.     

Monoclonal antibodies to immunodominant surface-exposed protein antigens ofTreponema pallidum

Specific murine monoclonal antibodies directed against immunodominant surface-exposed protein antigens ofTreponema pallidum with molecular weights of 15,500, 33,000, 44,000, and 46,000 were isolated. Of seventeen monoclonal antibodies characterized by Western blotting, three were directed against 15,500, three against 33,000, nine against 44,000, and two against 46,000 molecular weight protein antigens ofTreponema pallidum. Three of the monoclonal antibodies were reactive in the haemagglutination assay, 11 in the in vitro immobilization assay, and 13 in the immunofluorescence assay. It is suggested that the different monoclonal antibodies could be useful in isolating immunodominant protein antigens ofTreponema pallidum and in obtaining information on their biological relevance for use in the diagnosis of syphilis.     

Characterization of immunodominant surface antigens of Haemophilus somnus.

An immunodominant Haemophilus somnus outer membrane protein with an apparent molecular mass of 40 kDa on Western blots (immunoblots) of gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels was characterized because a monospecific antibody against this antigen was protective. This monospecific antibody was used for immunoaffinity purification of the antigen. The immunoaffinity-purified antigen reacted with a polyclonal antibody to the 40-kDa antigen but not with a monoclonal antibody (3G9) which reacted with the 40-kDa antigen in gradient gels. On 8 or 10% gels, the approximately 40-kDa antigen was resolved as two bands, a 40-kDa band which reacted with the protective monospecific polyclonal antibody (p40) and a band of lower molecular mass which reacted with monoclonal antibody 3G9. The latter antigen was designated p39. Both antigens were conserved in all H. somnus isolates tested. The specific antibodies were also used to detect cross-reacting antigens in other gram-negative bacteria. Antibody to p40 reacted with proteins of 55 to 28 kDa, with the greatest intensity shown among proteins from other members of the family Pasteurellaceae. Antibody to p40 was reduced by absorption with live H. somnus or other members of the family Pasteurellaceae, so the antigen appears to be surface exposed. Antibody to p39 only cross-reacted with a broad band (38 to 40 kDa) in Haemophilus agni. Since H. agni is not a bovine pathogen and since convalescent-phase serum from H. somnus-infected animals did recognize p39, the latter may be a good immunodiagnostic antigen, if the lack of cross-reactivity with antigens in other gram-negative bacteria is confirmed with a polyclonal antibody to p39. The cross-reactivity of antiserum to p40 with antigens of members of the family Pasteurellaceae and the ability of this antiserum to protect against H. somnus pneumonia indicate that p40 may be a useful vaccine antigen for H. somnus disease and perhaps even diseases caused by other members of the family Pasteurellaceae.     

Identification and cloning of immunodominant antigens of Coxiella burnetii

A sublethal-challenge model was established in BALB/c mice by using protection from the development of severe splenomegaly as an indicator of vaccinogenic activity for evaluation of the protective efficacies of vaccine candidates. To determine the immunodominant antigens as defined by reaction to an infection-derived antibody, mouse sera from different stages of experimental infection with various doses of Coxiella burnetii were tested by immunoblotting. Proteins with molecular masses of 14, 16, 21, 28, 32, 45 to 50, 57, and 60 kDa were recognized as immunodominant antigens. Antibody responses in whole-cell antigen (WCA)-vaccinated mice were compared with those in unvaccinated mice by immunoblotting using two-dimensional gel-separated C. burnetii antigens. The results indicated that there were significantly different antibody responses during different stages of vaccination and challenge, suggesting that several specific immunogenic antigens may play critical roles in the protection of mice against challenge. To clone these immunogenic antigens, a genomic DNA library of Nine Mile phase I was screened with convalescent-phase antisera from mice. Eighteen novel immunoreactive proteins with molecular masses ranging from approximately 14 to 67 kDa were cloned and identified. Interestingly, several recombinant proteins reacted with sera from both early-stage infected and WCA-vaccinated prechallenged mice. These results suggest that these proteins may play critical roles in the development of protective immunity and that they are logical candidates for vaccine and serodiagnostic reagents.     

Identification of immunodominant surface antigens of Eimeria acervulina sporozoites and merozoites

Immunodominant surface antigens of Eimeria acervulina sporozoites and merozoites were identified by 125I-labeling and immunoblotting studies. Using these methodologies 60% of the immunodominant sporozoite antigens and 90% of the immunodominant merozoite antigens were observed to be 125I-surface labeled. However, several major 125I-labeled sporozoite and merozoite proteins did not represent prominent antigens as measured by immunoblotting. Immunodominant surface antigens were found over a wide size range for sporozoites (21-110 kDa) and for merozoites (20-250 kDa). In order to relate these findings to a 'natural' infection, two groups of 3-week old chickens were inoculated 5 times over a 2.5 week period with either a low or high dose of E. acervulina oocysts. The serum response to sporozoites and merozoites, indicated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers, was rapid; less than or equal to 7 days post-infection with 10(4) oocysts and less than or equal to 3 days with 10(5) oocysts. Many of the antigens identified by immunoblotting of sera from sporozoite- and merozoite-immunized animals were recognized by sera from both high dose and low dose E. acervulina-infected chickens. Furthermore, the sporozoite and merozoite antigens could be grouped into those constituents which induced a serum response early or late in the infection.     

Specificity of antibodies to immunodominant mycobacterial antigens in pulmonary tuberculosis.

A serological survey was performed in groups of patients with active sputum smear-positive or smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, healthy household contacts, and controls. Sera were tested for titers of antibodies which bound to each of five purified mycobacterial antigens by enzyme immunoassay and for competition of binding to single epitopes, using six radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies directed toward corresponding molecules. The evaluation of diagnostic specificity was based on a positive score represented by titers above the cutoff point of 2 standard deviations above the mean titer of a control group. For smear-positive samples, the best sensitivity (83%) was achieved by exclusive use of the 38-kilodalton (kDa) antigen or its corresponding monoclonal antibodies. For smear-negative samples, levels of antibodies binding to the 19-kDa antigen showed a lower sensitivity of 62% compared with the control group or 38% compared with the contact group. Titers of antibody binding to the 14-kDa antigen were raised in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated contacts, indicating that the greatest potential of this antigen may be in the detection of infection in a population for which tuberculin testing is unreliable. The results demonstrated the differing antibody responses to each of the tested antigens and distinct associations with the stage of infection or disease.