颅面拆装入路颅底肿瘤切除术(附62例报告)

目的探讨颅面拆装入路在颅底区肿瘤切除术中的应用.方法根据肿瘤侵犯范围分别采用额鼻拆装、上颌窦壁拆装、全上颌骨拆装、下颌骨拆装、颞颧拆装、颞颧一下颌骨拆装等技术,共施行颅底肿瘤摘除62例.其中良性肿瘤15例,恶性肿瘤47例.结果良性肿瘤术后无复发.恶性肿瘤术后3年生存率为62.0%,5年生存率为38.3%.结论应用颅面拆装方法摘除颅底区肿瘤,术野暴露较充分,有利于病灶的完全切除,颅底重要结构可得到保护,并能较好地恢复面部的形态和功能.     

颞骨和颞下窝联合入路侧颅底肿瘤切除术

目的探讨安全和彻底摘除广侵侧颅底及其相邻区的肿瘤的手术入路和方法。方法通过颞骨和颞下窝联合入路,应用显微外科技术摘除肿瘤,并尽可能维护或重建颅底和颅神经。结果６２例侧颅底良、恶性肿瘤（巨细胞瘤１２例、神经鞘瘤９例、骨瘤４例、骨化纤维瘤２例、颈静脉球瘤９例、脑膜瘤２例、粘液软骨瘤１例、先天性胆脂瘤２例、鳃源性囊肿３例、外耳道中耳癌１４例和鼻咽癌４例）,经术后随访５年或５年以上,无复发为４２例（６７．７％）,带瘤生存为１６例（２５．８％）,死亡为４例（６．５％,均为恶性肿瘤）。无颅内外感染、脑脊液漏或皮瓣坏死等并发症。结论颞骨和颞下窝联合入路适用于侵及颞骨、颅中窝、颅后窝和颞下窝等多解剖区肿瘤的手术切除。     

冀点入切前前,中颅底沟通瘤

目的 对７例前、中颅底沟通瘤的手术入路及治疗经验进行总结。方法 颅眶沟通瘤３例,中颅底沟通４例,均采取冀点及基改良入路,其中５例采取硬膜外入路,２例结合硬膜内外入路切除肿瘤。结果 ６例患者实现肿瘤全切,１例次全切除,无手术死亡。结果 冀点入路是切除前、中颅底沟通瘤的理想入路,具有显露充分、易于掌握和改良等优点;采取带蒂颞肌瓣充填肿瘤切除后的残腔,反折骨膜修补硬膜的颅底重建方法可以有效地防止各种并发     

翼点入路切除前、中颅底沟通瘤

目的　对 7例前、中颅底沟通瘤的手术入路及治疗经验进行总结。方法　颅眶沟通瘤 3例 ,中颅底沟通瘤 4例 ,均采取翼点及其改良入路 ,其中 5例采取硬膜外入路 ,2例结合硬膜内外入路切除肿瘤。结果　 6例患者实现肿瘤全切 ,1例次全切除 ,无手术死亡。结论　翼点入路是切除前、中颅底沟通瘤的理想入路 ,具有显露充分、易于掌握和改良等优点 ;采取带蒂颞肌瓣充填肿瘤切除后的残腔 ,反折骨膜修补硬膜的颅底重建方法可以有效地防止各种并发症的发生。     

颅面联合入路在颅底沟通性肿瘤中的应用

目的探讨颅面联合入路在颅底区沟通性肿瘤治疗中的方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析我院44例经颅面联合入路手术治疗颅底区沟通性肿瘤患者资料,经病理证实恶性肿瘤31例,良性肿瘤13例。位于前颅底区35例,累及前、中颅底区9例。肿瘤切除后造成的硬脑膜缺损用自体组织严密修补,并用额部带蒂复合组织瓣行颅底区组织缺损修复。结果肿瘤全切38例,次全切除3例,部分切除3例,无手术死亡病例。并发症包括脑神经损伤3例,伤口感染2例,出现暂时性脑脊液漏2例,一过性精神症状2例。随访1~6年,10例死于肿瘤复发,失访2例。存活2年以上25例,3年以上17例。结论颅面联合入路是颅底区沟通性肿瘤外科治疗的主要手术入路之一,它是前颅底区(部分可以累及中颅底区)沟通性肿瘤较好的手术入路。     

颅底近颅底肿瘤的手术入路选择

目的 :探讨治疗颅底近颅底肿瘤的最佳手术入路。方法 :对 16 1例颅底近颅底肿瘤 ,采用颅面联合入路 6例 ,上颌骨截除或 (和 )眶内容物摘除术 5例 ,鼻侧切开术 7例 ,额眶入路 1例 ,上颌骨切开外旋及扩大外旋入路 2 1例 ,经颈合并下颌骨切开外旋入路 30例 ,经颈入路 4 8例 ,耳后大C形切口入路 19例 ,颈腮入路 8例 ,经口入路 6例 ,颞额入路 8例 ,耳前颞下入路 2例。结果 :98例良性肿瘤中除 2例经口入路者复发外 ,余无复发。恶性肿瘤 6 3例 ,1例术后 1.5个月并发脑脊液漏死于颅内感染。生存期最长 1例已超过 8年。生存 5年以上 10例 ,3年以上 19例 ,2年以上 16例 ,1年以上 16例。 3、5年生存率分别为 5 9.18% (2 9/49) ,38.4 6 % (10 /2 6 )。结论 :只有根据颅底肿瘤的具体部位及范围、病理类型进行术式设计 ,选择合适的手术入路才能提高颅底肿瘤的治疗效果。     

累及颅底肿瘤的手术切除与入路选择

目的 探讨颅底肿瘤切除的最佳手术入路。方法 回顾分析1993－2000年中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学肿瘤医院外科处理侵及颅底肿瘤84例的经验，讨论及颅底不同部位病变手术入路特点，以求选择最好的手术入路彻底切除肿瘤，同时昼保护颅底、颅内重要结构，减少并发症。结果 患者年龄6－78岁，平均43．8岁。良性肿瘤14例，恶性肿瘤70例。采用各种手术入路切除累及咽旁颅底肿瘤38例；同时有前、中颅底破坏7例；肿瘤同时累及中、后颅底13例；侧颅底颞下窝肿瘤26例。用各种组织瓣修复颅底缺损或填充60例。6例并发脑脊液漏，2例迟发脑脓肿，修复组织瓣部分坏死3例，无手术死亡及严重颅脑并发症。恶性肿瘤在3年生存率67．5％（27／40）。结论 最佳手术入路的选择应相对于颅底不同部位的肿瘤，针对特殊的解剖结构而选择，可以根据以下几个因素综合考虑：①肿瘤部位及累及的范围；②安全、充分地切除肿瘤；③正常功能结构及外观影响小；④便于可靠有效地修复。     

累及颅底肿瘤的手术切除与入路选择

目的　探讨颅底肿瘤切除的最佳手术入路。方法　回顾分析 1993～ 2 0 0 0年中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学肿瘤医院外科处理侵及颅底肿瘤 84例的经验 ,讨论侵及颅底不同部位病变手术入路特点 ,以求选择最好的手术入路彻底切除肿瘤 ,同时尽量保护颅底、颅内重要结构 ,减少并发症。结果　患者年龄 6～ 78岁 ,平均 4 3 8岁。良性肿瘤 14例 ,恶性肿瘤 70例。采用各种手术入路切除累及咽旁颅底肿瘤 38例 ;同时有前、中颅底破坏 7例 ;肿瘤同时累及中、后颅底 13例 ;侧颅底颞下窝肿瘤 2 6例。用各种组织瓣修复颅底缺损或填充 6 0例。 6例并发脑脊液漏 ,2例迟发脑脓肿 ,修复组织瓣部分坏死 3例 ,无手术死亡及严重颅脑并发症。恶性肿瘤 3年生存率 6 7 5 % (2 7/ 4 0 )。结论　最佳手术入路的选择应相对于颅底不同部位的肿瘤 ,针对特殊的解剖结构而选择 ,可以根据以下几个因素综合考虑 :①肿瘤部位及累及的范围 ;②安全、充分地切除肿瘤 ;③正常功能结构及外观影响小 ;④便于可靠有效地修复     

面部移位入路手术切除颅底肿瘤的颅底修补与重建(附38例报告)

目的探讨采用上颌骨翻转面部移位入路手术切除侵及颅底肿瘤的颅底修补与重建。方法38例颅底侵入瘤患者,均采用上颌骨翻转面部移位入路手术切除,颅底缺损采用9种不同方法修补。结果38例患者均达到显微镜下肿瘤全切或次全切。全部患者获1~70个月随访,平均随访33.7个月。因肿瘤复发死亡6例,与肿瘤无关死亡2例,带瘤生存5例,其余25例均无肿瘤复发。与颅底修补与重建有关的手术并发症包括:转移组织瓣部分坏死2例,脑脊液漏3例,1例术后第30天行面部创腔冲洗吸引时突发颈内动脉大出血死亡。结论上颌骨翻转面部移位入路手术切除颅底侵入瘤具有显露充分、肿瘤切除彻底的优点。根据肿瘤切除后颅底缺损情况采用不同的方法修补,重建颅底,疗效满意。     

颈腮入路及其拓展术式在咽旁隙肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨颈腮入路及其拓展术式在咽旁隙肿瘤手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2009年1月~2018年4月行经颈腮入路手术治疗的29例咽旁颅底肿瘤患者的临床资料。其中2例颈腮入路切除颅底咽旁隙复发肿瘤,1例颈腮入路下颌骨升支离断再复位切除侵犯颅底咽旁隙巨大复发性多形性腺瘤,2例颈腮入路下颌骨升支后缘部分切除暴露咽旁隙切除侵犯颅底的多形性腺瘤,22例颈腮入路将下颌骨前上牵拉暴露颅底咽旁隙并切除该部位肿瘤,2例颈腮入路结合内镜辅助切除颅底咽旁隙复发神经来源肿瘤。结果本组29例患者皆成功手术,其中恶性肿瘤2例,良性肿瘤27例;27例良性肿瘤中,多形性腺瘤25例,复发神经来源肿瘤2例。25例多形性腺瘤病例中3例为复发多形性腺瘤;本组病例均无出血、张口受限等不良并发症。复发良性肿瘤病例中2例行术后预防气管切开,术后1个月皆拔除气管套管。2例颅底咽旁隙复发恶性肿瘤中手术后最短存活时间为1年7个月,最长3年。结论颈腮入路不仅适应于大部分咽旁隙肿瘤的切除,而且可以根据肿瘤的性质和累及颅底的范围进行适当拓展,以实现有效切除肿瘤和保证重要解剖结构的安全。     

经单侧颅底与颅面联合入路切除颅底肿瘤20例报告

报告经单侧颅底与颅面联合入路切除颅底肿瘤２０例，病变来自中耳肿瘤１０例，颞下窝肿瘤５例，腮腺肿瘤３例，上颌窦和颞部软组织肿瘤各１例。介绍五种手术进路，讨论了颞骨次全切除和颞下窝肿瘤侵犯侧颅底的手术治疗。全部病例进行随访，推荐以手术为主的综合治疗     

Chondrosarcoma of the skull base: long-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base is an uncommon neoplasm comprising 0.15% of all intracranial tumors and 6% of skull base neoplasms. The outcome of treatment is difficult to assess because the slow growth rate means that there is a long interval before detecting the recurrence. We describe the use of lateral skull base techniques for these lesions and examine the long-term outcomes. The pathological features, radiological findings, and radiotherapy options are also discussed. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review with current follow-up where possible. SETTING: Tertiary referral neurotologic private practice. PATIENTS: Eight patients with histologically confirmed skull base chondrosarcoma operated on since 1979. At the time of the surgery, the five women and three men ranged in age from 31 to 63 years, with a mean of 42.9 years. The follow-up ranged from 9 months to 25 years and 5 months. INTERVENTIONS: All patients underwent surgical removal; the earliest patient underwent surgical removal via transcochlear and retrosigmoid approaches, and seven via an infratemporal fossa approach, with or without exenteration of the otic capsule. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of patients with residual and recurrent tumors. RESULTS: In the patient who underwent surgery via the transcochlear approach, recurrence was noted within 3 months, and new exploration using the retrosigmoid approach was performed for the removal of the recurrent lesion. This patient showed no signs of recurrence for 25 years since last surgery. Of the seven patients who underwent surgery via the infratemporal fossa approach, one had residual tumor found at 1 year, but remained alive and well for 21 years after the surgery. The other six had gross total resection and showed no signs of recurrence at the last known follow-up. One patient died as a result of an unrelated cause 18 years after surgery for the chondrosarcoma. CONCLUSION: The gross total resection of these lesions is possible because of the evolution of lateral skull base techniques and can be routinely accomplished with the infratemporal fossa approach. The improved exposure afforded by this approach seems to have resulted in more complete extirpation of the tumor and a decrease in the recurrence rate.     

颞下窝B型径路切除侧颅底肿瘤临床分析

目的探讨颞下窝B型径路在侧颅底肿瘤中的适应证及手术效果。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2018年6月采用颞下窝B型径路治疗8例侧颅底肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中横纹肌肉瘤1例,成熟型畸胎瘤1例,骨巨细胞瘤1例,颞骨鳞癌1例,巨细胞修复性肉芽肿2例,胆脂瘤2例。结果3例患者病变范围主要累及颈静脉孔区、颈内动脉、岩尖;5例患者病变范围主要累及颧弓、颞下颌关节、中颅底甚至颞叶。7例单纯行颞下窝B型径路,1例患者行颞下窝B型径路联合经耳蜗径路,8例患者均完全切除病变。所有患者术后1周复查头颅MRI,均未见病变残留。4例患者术后为重度传导性或混合性听力下降,另外4例患者术后为极重度感音神经性听力下降。术前面瘫者2例,术后无加重;术前面神经功能正常者,术后2例出现面瘫,其中1例为联合经耳蜗入路患者术中将面神经进行移位,另外1例由于恶性肿瘤已侵犯面神经,术中将受侵犯的面神经切除。所有患者随访期间均无脑脊液耳漏、颅内出血,颅内感染、偏瘫、死亡等严重术后并发症。 结论颞下窝B型径路在暴露颈内动脉垂直段和水平段、岩尖等部位极具优势,同时这一径路也可用于切除累及颧弓、颞下颌关节甚至累及颞叶的侧颅底肿瘤。     

儿童侧颅底肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的:探讨儿童侧颅底肿瘤的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法.方法:回顾性分析8例儿童侧颅底肿瘤的临床表现、影像学特点及治疗方法.其中颞部并中、后颅窝巨大三叉神经鞘膜瘤1例.颞部并中、后颅窝黑色素神经外胚层肿瘤1例,婴幼儿颞骨纤维瘤病1例,斜坡脊索瘤1例,鼻咽部胚胎型横纹肌肉瘤2例,神经母细胞瘤2例.1例经颞下窝Fisch C型及迷路上联合径路、1例经岩骨径路、4例经颞下窝Fisch C型径路将肿瘤全切除,1例经腭径路行肿瘤次全切,1例单纯行化疗未做手术.7例手术患儿中4例术前、术后化疗,3例术后化疗.结果:除1例脊索瘤患儿术后5个月复发死亡外,其余7例患儿均存活(6例手术、1例未手术),其中2例鼻咽部胚胎型横纹肌肉瘤术后小灶复发,1例神经母细胞瘤化疗后未行手术的患儿,6个月后复发.除术前1例外展神经、3例三叉神经受累及外,术后2例出现短暂脑脊液漏,1例同侧听力丧失.1例声嘶(同侧声带外展麻痹),2例吞咽困难,术后3～4个月渐恢复.7例手术患儿均无伤口感染裂开及皮瓣坏死,未出现面瘫、脑膜炎及偏瘫、死亡等严重并发症.结论:儿童侧颅底肿瘤生长部位深在、临床症状复杂多样、隐匿、不典型,往往确诊时已为晚期,积极行CT和MRI检查有助于提高早期诊断率.手术切除肿瘤仍为首选,手术前后配合放、化疗.手术径路的选择应依据病变的部位和范围,颞骨和颞下窝联合径路可以最大限度切除侵及该区域的肿瘤,保存脑神经功能,减少并发症.     

Neurotologic skull base surgery in pediatric patients.

OBJECTIVE: Innovations in diagnosis, surgical techniques, and perioperative care have dramatically improved outcomes in lateral skull base procedures in recent years. There is a belief, however, that children with skull base tumors have yet to benefit from these technological and procedural advances. The purpose of this study is to provide a clinical review of neurotologic skull base surgery in the pediatric population. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Private practice tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Eighty-nine pediatric patients undergoing 115 neurotologic procedures for lateral skull base tumors from July 1992 to September 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Initial clinical presentation, tumor type, pre- and postoperative hearing and facial nerve status, treatment course, complications, and functional outcomes. RESULTS: The majority of tumors in this series were vestibular schwannomas, and 65 patients were diagnosed with neurofibromatosis Type 2. Surgical approaches included 70 middle fossa, 40 translabyrinthine, 2 transcochlear, 2 infratemporal fossa, and 1 retrosigmoid craniotomy. Complete tumor removal was accomplished in the majority of cases (97%), with good preservation of facial nerve function (House-Brackmann Grade I or II) in 80% of patients. In patients undergoing middle fossa surgery for hearing preservation, measurable hearing was preserved in 61.4% of cases. The incidence of complications was low. CONCLUSION: With advances in diagnostic procedures and use of current neurotologic techniques, pediatric patients may undergo successful treatment of lateral skull base tumors, with good functional outcomes and minimal morbidity.     

The infratemporal fossa approach to skull base surgery.

The infratemporal fossa approach, in conjunction with the application of microsurgical technique and improved perioperative care, has permitted significant advances in lateral skull base surgery. The glomus jugulare tumor is the prototypical neoplasm resected by this approach, although this technique can be applied to a host of additional benign and malignant lesions of the skull base. This approach entails identification and control of the cranial nerves and great vessels in the neck, anterior transposition of the facial nerve, and infralabyrinthine petrosectomy. Intracranial tumor extension and petrous carotid artery involvement remain limiting factors. Significant morbidity, particularly neurologic deficit and hemorrhage, may occur due tot the nature and location of lateral skull base tumors. Recent advances in preoperative embolization and temporary carotid artery balloon occlusion have advanced the limits of resection via the infratemporal fossa approach.     

额—耳前—颈联合入路切除巨大侧颅底沟通性肿瘤

目的 探讨适宜切除巨大侧颅底肿瘤的手术途径。方法 应用额-耳前-颈联合入路，制作眶颧骨瓣及颅骨骨瓣，结合下颌骨脱位下移，获得了充分暴露肿瘤的术野，治疗2例占据咽旁间隙、颞下窝穿颅底达颅中窝的巨大侧颅底沟通性肿瘤。结果 2例肿瘤均获得全切，术后患者恢复良好，均未发生脑脊液泼等任何颅内并发症，面部无明显畸形，咬合正常。结论 额-耳前-颈联合入路是用于切除巨大咽旁间隙、颞下窝、侵入颅中窝的侧颅底良、恶性肿瘤较理想的手术途径。     

侧颅底肿瘤切除术后缺损的修复重建

目的：探讨侧颅底肿瘤切除术后缺损的修复。方法：回顾性总结182例侧颅底肿瘤切除术后缺损的修复及愈后情况。病种包括听神经瘤（92例），颈静脉孔肿瘤（21例），颞下窝肿瘤（6例），鼻咽癌放疗后复发癌（4例），中耳癌（3例），桥小脑角的脑膜瘤（2例），蛛网膜囊肿（2例），颞骨鳞状细胞癌2例。修复部位包括硬脑膜、颅底骨、颧弓、颅底颞下窝的缺损。采用的材料有腹壁脂肪（113例）、颞肌及颞肌筋膜瓣（2g例）、胸锁乳突肌肌瓣（19例）、胸大肌皮瓣（2例）、人工脑膜（1例）、钛板（1例）。结果：采用的带血管颞肌及颞肌筋膜瓣、胸大肌皮瓣、胸锁乳突肌肌瓣全部存活，用脂肪修复成功率为98．2％（111／113），脑脊液漏2例，无颅内感染发生。结论：根据侧颅底脑肿瘤的部位和不同类型的缺损，采用不同的修复材料和方法，肿瘤切除后颅底缺损的修复重建对术后功能的保留和恢复，避免脑脊液漏、颅内感染的发生，有着至关重要的作用，是侧颅底肿瘤手术成功的关键之一。     

Chondroblastoma of the temporal bone

Chondroblastomas are highly destructive tumors that are derived from immature cartilage cells. The occurrence of this tumor in the temporal bone or skull base is uncommon. Approximately 70 cases have previously been reported, several of which have involved the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We report here the case of a 67-year-old woman who presented with right-sided mixed hearing loss, a right external auditory canal mass, ear fullness, otalgia, blood-stained otorrhea, and pain around the TMJ, associated with difficulty in opening the mouth. CT and MRI revealed a mass involving the TMJ, infratemporal fossa, and pterygopalatine fossa. The patient underwent tumor resection via an infratemporal fossa approach type B. Gross total tumor removal was achieved, with no facial nerve paralysis or other complications observed after surgery. No recurrence or residual tumors were observed on CT and MRI, even after 7.5 years of follow-up. We conclude that temporal bone chondroblastomas are extremely rare and aggressive, but the outcome after appropriate surgical treatment is favorable. From the review, it may be particularly important to deal with tumors that involve the TMJ, which could affect the long-term outcomes, as well as tumor recurrence.     

transcervical approach for resection of lateral skull base tumors

Objectives Conventional approaches for removal of lateral skull base tumors, including transmandibular, infratemporal fossa, preauricular transzygmatic subtemporal approaches, are major invasive procedures that often sacrifice hearing and cause abnormal occlusion and cosmetic defects. Reports of the transcervical approach for resection of skull base tumors are rare, although it was described for resection of clival chordomas in as early as 1966. The purpose of this study is to review our experiences in management of lateral skull base tumors using the transcervical approach. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Methods Six lateral skull base tumor cases treated with transcervical approach procedures were reviewed, including the medical records. Results There were 4 males and 2 females. Age ranged from 12 through 52 years. Histopathological diagnoses included malignant schwannoma(n = 1), malignant carotid body tumor(n = 1), heamangioma(n=1), schwannoma (n=2) and pleomorphic adenoma (n = 1). Transcervical techniques were used in all cases with the use of microscope in the lateral skull base area. Complete tumor removal was achieved in all cases. Postoperative radiotherapy was implemented in 1 case of malignant schwannoma and 1 case of malignant carotid body tumor. Jugular foramen syndrome occurred as a surgical complication in 1 case of malignant Schwannoma of the vagus nerve. There was no tumor recurrence during the 10 - 42 month follow-up period. Conclusion Compared with conventional approaches, the transcervical approach provides a easy, safe, minimal invasive and effective procedure for removal of selected lateral skull base tumors.