普罗布考对多柔比星肾病大鼠的保护作用及其机制研究

目的：观察普罗布考对多柔比星肾病大鼠肾脏的保护作用并探讨其作用机制。方法：40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、治疗组。尾静脉一次性注射多柔比星6mg·k^-1制备多柔比星肾病模型。1周后开始药物干预,模型组每天温开水灌胃,治疗组每天500mg·kg^-1·d“普罗布考灌胃,持续4周。4周后检测大鼠24h尿蛋白定量、血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（Scr）、血清及肾组织SOD活性和MDA含量,同时取肾组织标本观察病理学改变。结果：与模型组相比,治疗组24h尿蛋白排泄量和血脂明显下降（P〈0．05）,肾指数明显改善（P〈0．05）,血清和肾组织中SOD活性明显上升、MDA含量明显下降（P〈0．05）,肾组织病理损伤减轻。结论：普罗布考能提高多柔比星肾病大鼠血和肾组织中SOD活性,降低血脂,减少蛋白尿,减轻肾纽织的病理改变,具有肾保护作用。     

罗格列酮对多柔比星所致肾病大鼠的保护作用及其抗氧化机制研究

目的:研究罗格列酮对多柔比星所致肾脏氧化应激损伤大鼠肾脏的保护作用并探讨其作用机制.方法:采用MTT法测定不同浓度的罗格列酮对多柔比星作用下细胞的增殖活性的影响.50只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、多柔比星对照组和罗格列酮治疗组,大鼠尾静脉一次性注射多柔比星6.5 mg·kg-1制备多柔比星肾病模型.1周后,空白对照组每天蒸馏水灌胃,治疗组每天分别灌胃给予20、10和5mg·kg-1 罗格列酮,持续8周.8周后检测大鼠血清尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Scr)水平及肾组织各氧化指标,同时取肾组织标本观察病理学改变.结果:用罗格列酮孵育能够明显提高DOX作用下HEK29细胞存活率;与模型对照组相比,罗格列酮20 mg·kg-1组血清肌酐、尿素氮明显下降(P<0.05),肾组织中NO含量、NOS和SOD活性明显上升、MDA含量明显下降(P<0.05),肾组织病理损伤减轻.结论:罗格列酮能降低多柔比星所致大鼠肾脏氧化应激损伤,具有肾保护作用.     

雷洛昔芬对多柔比星诱导大鼠蛋白尿肾损害的作用及部分机制研究

目的观察雷洛昔芬（raloxifene,RAL）在大鼠多柔比星（adriamycin,ARD）诱导的蛋白尿肾损害过程中是否具有肾保护作用,并进一步探讨部分可能的机制。方法大鼠随机分为：正常对照组（A组,5只）、模型组（B组,8只）、RAL治疗组（C组,8只）。实验起始第1、2周的第一天,重复给予B,C组大鼠ARD（4 mg·kg^-1）尾静脉注射。自首次注射ARD之日起第二周末C组给予RAL3.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃。首次给予ARD后7周末收集24 h尿标本后取肾组织标本。BCA法检测24 h尿蛋白,Masson染色并在光镜下观察肾组织病理形态学改变,并采用肾小球硬化指数（glomerulosclerotic index,GSI）及肾小管间质损伤指数（tubulointerstitial injure index,TII）评估肾脏损害程度;免疫组化检测肾组织中Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达。结果与A组相比,第七周末B组光镜下观察肾组织形态可见系膜区细胞及基质明显增多,肾小管多灶性萎缩和片状扩张,管腔内可见蛋白管型,间质出现大量炎性细胞浸润。GSI及TII值、24 h蛋白尿排出率及Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达水平明显升高（P〈0.01）;C组中上述变化均较B组有所减轻（P〈0.05）。结论 RAL在大鼠多柔比星诱导的蛋白尿肾损害过程中表现出降低尿蛋白排泄率及改善肾纤维化病变的肾保护作用。     

青藤碱对实验性多柔比星肾病大鼠尿蛋白、IL-6影响的研究

目的：观察白细胞介素-6（IL-6）在多柔比星肾病大鼠肾组织及尿中的表达及青藤碱对其表达的影响。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠50只。随机分为正常组（10只）,肾病组（40只）。肾病组大鼠一次性尾静脉注射多柔比星5mg/kg,制备MCNS模型。注射后第7天检测所有大鼠24h尿蛋白定量,尿蛋白〉30mg/24h者为MCNS模型成功。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组大鼠肾组织及不同时期尿液中IL-6的表达。结果：①肾病组大鼠尿蛋白排泄量逐渐增加,各时期与正常组比较,均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;②肾病组大鼠肾组织及尿中IL-6表达较正常组明显增加,治疗组IL-6的表达也增高,但较肾病组为低;3肾病组在不同时期尿及肾组织中IL-6的变化与24 h尿蛋白的排泄量呈正相关（P〈0.01）;4肾组织与尿中IL-6呈正相关（P〈0.01）。结论：①IL-6在MCNS尿及肾脏组织中存在异常表达,青藤碱可减少蛋白尿减轻肾损害;②IL-6可能是蛋白尿发生的原因之一。     

青藤碱干预多柔比星肾病大鼠的实验研究

目的:观察白介素-6(IL-6)在多柔比星肾病大鼠肾组织及尿液中的表达及青藤碱(SIN)对其表达的影响.方法:雄性Wistar大鼠120只.随机分为正常组32只,肾病组88只.肾病组大鼠单次尾静脉注射多柔比星5mg/kg,制备微小病变型肾病(MCNS)模型.采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测各组大鼠不同时期肾组织及尿...     

维生素E对多柔比星所致生殖毒性雄性大鼠的保护作用

目的探讨维生素E对多柔比星致生殖毒性雄性大鼠的保护作用。方法通过一次性静脉注射多柔比星7.5 mg.kg-1制备多柔比星致雄性大鼠生殖毒性损伤模型。维生素E组(n=8)从造模前1 d起,灌服维生素E 100mg.d-1连续14 d。模型组(n=8)造模后,每日经腹腔注射0.9%氯化钠溶液1 mL。对照组(n=8)不造模,每日经腹腔注射0.9%氯化钠溶液1 mL。通过观察大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和睾丸病理组织学变化评估多柔比星对雄性大鼠生殖毒性作用。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清SOD活性降低,MDA含量升高(P<0.05),睾丸重量和睾丸系数降低(P<0.05),精曲小管生精细胞明显减少,精母细胞和精子细胞退变,部分坏死、脱落。维生素E组大鼠血清SOD活性和MDA含量与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),睾丸重量和睾丸系数的变化和睾丸病理损伤程度轻于模型组。结论维生素E对多柔比星所致生殖毒性雄性大鼠具有保护作用,其药理作用机制与提高机体抗氧化能力、抑制脂质过氧化反应有关。     

药物对多柔比星诱导肝损伤保护作用的研究进展

多柔比星具有很好的抗肿瘤作用,但因其心、肝、肾等毒副作用明显而限制了其应用.近年来的研究表明,多柔比星诱导的肝损伤发生机制以脂质过氧化和自由基损伤为主,因此应用具有抗氧化作用的药物预防和治疗多柔比星诱导的肝损伤成为研究热点.目前已知多种抗氧化药物,如降脂类药物、维生素类药物、含硫醇类药物等都具有很好的肝保护作用,此外一些植物提取物也可以作为肝保护剂缓解多柔比星诱导的肝毒性.     

共振瑞利散射法测定多柔比星脂质体中游离多柔比星的含量

目的:建立共振瑞利散射法(RRS)测定多柔比星(DOX)脂质体中游离 DOX 含量。方法:在 pH 2.6的 Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲液中,刚果红(CR)与 DOX 通过分子间作用力形成离子缔合物,在λ_(ex)=λ_(em)=380 nm 波长时能使 RRS 信号显著增强。结果:RRS 法在1～12 μg·mL~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,检出限为0.05~(-1)g·mL~(-1)。对6个不同批号的 DOX 脂质体混悬液中游离 DOX 的含量测定,结果与紫外可见分光光度法相符,RSD(n=6)为1.9%～3.2%,平均回收率为94.3%。结论:此方法灵敏度较高,可以用于测定 DOX 脂质体中游离 DOX 的含量。     

NF-κB在多柔比星所致大鼠心肌损伤中的作用及褪黑素的治疗作用

目的探讨NF-κB在多柔比星(Dox)心肌病中的作用及褪黑素(MT)的干预作用。方法30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、Dox模型组、Dox+MT组。免疫组织化学法检测NF-κB的活性,分光光密度法检测心肌组织中一氧化氮(NO)含量和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性,TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡。结果与正常对照组相比,NF-κB在Dox模型组显著活化,MT可抑制NF-κB的激活(P<0.05);与正常对照组相比,Dox组NO含量、iNOS活性和心肌细胞凋亡率显著升高(P<0.05),MT干预后均显著降低。结论NF-κB参与心肌氧化应激损伤,促进心肌细胞凋亡。MT可抑制NF-κB活化,减少自由基的生成,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,对Dox心肌病具有保护作用。     

多柔比星的毒性研究进展

多柔比星是一种具有细胞周期非特异性杀伤作用的蒽环类抗肿瘤抗生素,因其具有抗肿瘤谱广、活性强等特性,广泛用于治疗各种肿瘤。多柔比星主要用于急性白血病的治疗,对乳腺癌、肺癌、膀胱癌等多种肿瘤也有一定的疗效,但其强烈的细胞毒性作用对机体可产生广泛的生物化学反应,随着药物累积剂量的增加,其不良反应的发生率也相应增高。f     

Alleviation of doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity by chrysin in Wistar rats

Abstract

Objective: Doxorubicin (DXR) is an anticancer drug used in the treatment of many human malignancies. However, its clinical use is limited because of several side effects like cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. In the present study, we investigated the protective efficacy of chrysin against DXR-induced oxidative stress, nephro- and hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats using biochemical and histopathological approaches.

Methodology: Wistar rats were subjected to concomitant pre- and post-phylactic oral treatment of chrysin (40 and 80?mg/kg b.wt.) against nephro- and hepatotoxicity induced by single i.p. injection of DXR (40?mg/kg b.wt). Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity were assessed by measuring the level of serum creatinine, BUN, AST, ALT and LDH. The level of antioxidant armory of kidney and liver tissue was also measured.

Key findings: Treatment with chrysin significantly decreased the levels of serum toxicity markers and additionally elevated antioxidant defense enzyme levels. Histopathological changes further confirmed the biochemical results showing that DXR caused significant structural damage to kidney and liver tissue architecture which were reversed with chrysin.

Conclusion: The results suggest that chrysin attenuated nephro and hepatic damage induced by DXR.     

Protective effects of sinomenine against doxorubicin-induced nephrosis in rats

Sinomenine (SN, 1) is a pure compound extracted from the Sinomenium acutum plant. We investigated the protective effects and mechanism of action of SN in a rat model of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephrosis. Nephrosis was induced by a single dose of 5 mg/kg DOX, and DOX-treated rats received a daily i.p. injection of 10 or 30 mg/kg SN, or saline (n = 6). Urine and serum biochemical parameters, serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels, nephrin, podocin, α-actinin-4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) protein expression, and renal ultrastructure were examined at day 28. Compound 1 significantly attenuated the effect of DOX on urine and serum biochemical parameters. Electron microscopy demonstrated that 1 suppressed DOX-induced increases in foot process width. Compared with those in control rats, nephrin, podocin, and PPAR-α protein expressions decreased in the glomeruli of DOX-treated rats, and this effect was significantly attenuated by 1. However, no appreciable alterations were observed in the expression level of α-actinin-4. DOX significantly increased serum TNF-α and IL-1β compared with those in control rats, and 1 significantly reduced the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. SN ameliorates DOX-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats, resulting in a modulation of renal nephrin, podocin expression, and thereby protecting podocytes from injury.     

Protective effect of taurine against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in perfused chick hearts

The ability of taurine to protect the isolated heart against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity was examined. Chick hearts perfused for 20 min with medium containing 17 microM doxorubicin exhibited a decrease in contractility, an increase in resting tension and a dramatic depletion in tissue high energy phosphate content. Addition of 20 mM taurine to the perfusate attenuated the increase in resting tension and the decrease in myocardial adenosine triphosphate content induced by doxorubicin. The present study confirms our previous in vivo observations that taurine partially prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.     

Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats

The prevention of doxorubicin (DXR)-induced cardiotoxicity may be helpful to improve future DXR therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardio-protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an antioxidant agent, on DXR-induced cardiotoxicity. Rats were divided into three groups and treated with saline, DXR and DXR + CAPE. Rats were treated with CAPE (10 micromol x kg(-1) day(-1) i.p.) or saline starting 2 days before a single dose of DXR (20 mg x kg(-1) i.p.). Ten days later, haemodynamic measurements were performed and the hearts were excised for biochemical analyses and microscopic examination. The heart rate and mean blood pressure were higher and the pulse pressure was lower in the DXR group than in the other two groups. The administration of DXR alone resulted in higher myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content than in the other groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were higher in DXR and DXR + CAPE groups than in the saline group. Rats in the DXR + CAPE group had increased catalase activity in comparison with the DXR group and high glutathione peroxidase activity in comparison with the other two groups. There was severe disruption of mitochondrial fi ne structure in the electron microscopy of the DXR group. In contrast, myocardial microscopy appeared nearly normal in the DXR + CAPE group (as de fi ned at the electron microscopic level). In light of these in vivo haemodynamic, enzymatic and morphological results, we conclude that CAPE pretreatment significantly attenuated DXR-induced cardiac injury, possibly with its antioxidant effects.     

Cardioprotective effect of ascorbic acid on doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats

Objective:

To investigate the preventive and curative role of ascorbic acid on doxorubicin (dox)-induced myocardial toxicity in rats.

Materials and Methods:

Animals were divided into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as normal control and received saline 5 ml/kg/day intraperitoneal (i.p.) for a period of 15 days. Group II animals received ascorbic acid 20 mg/kg per oral (p.o.) for 15 days as a pretreatment control (PR). Group III animals received dox 2.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), i.p., in six equal injections for two weeks for a total cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg b.w. Group IV animals received ascorbic acid 20 mg/kg p.o. for 15 days as a pretreatment followed by dox 2.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in six equal injections for two weeks for a total cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. Group V animals received dox 2.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in six equal injections for two weeks for a total cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg b.w. followed by ascorbic acid 20 mg/kg p.o for 15 days as post-treatment control (CR). The biochemical parameters such as tissue glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and enzyme biomarkers such as creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were monitored.

Results:

Pretreatment with ascorbic acid (20 mg/kg p.o.) significantly protected the myocardium from the toxic effect of dox (PR), by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as GSH, SOD, and CAT toward normal and decreased the levels of MDA, CPK, LDH, AST, and ALT as compared with dox-treated rats. Post-treatment with ascorbic acid to dox-treated group (CR) significantly increased the levels of tissue GSH, SOD, CAT and significantly decreased the level of MDA as compared with dox-treated group. It also reduced the severity of cellular damage of the myocardium as confirmed by histopathology. The restoration of the endogenous antioxidant system clearly depicts that ascorbic acid produced its protective effect by scavenging the reactive oxygen species.

Conclusion:

The results obtained in this study provide evidence for the usefulness of the ascorbic acid as a cardioprotective agent.     

Protective effects of erdosteine against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats

The usefulness of doxorubicin (DXR) is limited by its cardiotoxicity. In order to improve future DXR therapy by using a new antioxidant agent, an experimental study was designed. This study was undertaken to determine whether DXR-induced cardiotoxicity is prevented by erdosteine, a mucolytic agent showing antioxidant properties. Three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (60 days old) were used: one group was untreated as a control; the other groups were treated with DXR (single i.p. dosage of 20 mg kg(-1) body wt.) or DXR plus erdosteine (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1), orally), respectively. The DXR treatment without erdosteine increased antioxidant enzyme activities and also increased lipid peroxidation in myocardial tissue. The rats treated with DXR plus erdosteine produced a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation in comparison with control and DXR groups. Furthermore, erdosteine administration led to an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities in comparison with the control group. Erdosteine treatment also increased the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in comparison with the DXR group. There was no significant difference in lipid peroxidation of myocardial tissue between control and DXR plus erdosteine-treated rats. It was concluded that erdosteine caused an increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, especially GSH-Px and CAT, protecting the heart tissue sufficiently from oxidative damage to membrane lipids and other cellular components induced by DXR.     

Protective effects of berberine against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats by inhibiting metabolism of doxorubicin

Abstract

1.?The clinical use of doxorubicin, an effective anticancer drug, is severely hampered by its cardiotoxicity. Berberine, a botanical alkaloid, has been reported to possess cardioprotective and antitumor effects. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective effect of berberine on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and the effect of berberine on the metabolism of doxorubicin.

2.?Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered doxorubicin in the presence or absence of berberine for 2 weeks. Administration of berberine effectively prevented doxorubicin-induced body weight reduction and mortality in rats.

3.?Berberine reduced the activity of myocardial enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), CK isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Echocardiographic examination further demonstrated that berberine effectively ameliorated cardiac dysfunction induced by doxorubicin.

4.?Berberine inhibited the metabolism of doxorubicin in the cytoplasm of rat heart and reduced the accumulation of doxorubicinol (a secondary alcohol metabolite of doxorubicin) in heart.

5.?These data showed that berberine alleviated the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats via inhibition of the metabolism of doxorubicin and reduced accumulation of doxorubicinol selectively in hearts.     

依布硒啉对阿霉素引起的心脏脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用

依布硒琳（Ｅｂｓ）是一种具有过氧化物酶样活性的含硒有机化合物，本文以阿霉素处理的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠为模型研究了Ｅｂｓ的保护作用．结果表明Ｅｂｓ能够减少阿霉素诱发的心肌脂质过氧化物的形成并提高机体谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶与脂质过氧化物的比值，防止阿霉素对心脏脂质过氧化损伤的毒性；同时测定血清肌酸激酶和谷草转氨酶活性，发现Ｅｂｓ也能保护组织免受阿霉素的损伤．     

Protective role of Phyllantus niruri extract in doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri (Aq.E.PN) against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced myocardial toxicity in rats.

Materials and Methods:

Cardiotoxicity was produced by Dox administration (15 mg/kg for 2 weeks). Aq.E PN (200 mg/kg, orally) was administered as pretreatment for 2 weeks alternated with Dox for the next 2 weeks. The general observations, mortality, histopathology, biomarker enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) and alkaline phosphatase, diagnostic enzyme markers like aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were monitored after 3 weeks of the last dose.

Results:

Pretreatment with the Aq.E.PN significantly (P < 0.01) protected the myocardium from the toxic effects of Dox by reducing the elevated level of biomarker and diagnostic enzymes like LDH, CPK, AST and ALT to the normal levels. Aq.E PN increased the GSH, SOD and CAT levels and decreased the MDA levels in cardiac tissue. Administration of Dox caused cardiomyopathy associated with an antioxidant deficiency.

Conclusion:

These results suggest a cardioprotective effect of P. niruri due to its antioxidant properties.     

Role of melatonin in mitigating chemotherapy-induced testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats

Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men of reproductive age, and its incidence is increasing steadily. A regimen of cisplatin (P), vinblastin (V) and bleomycin (B) (PVB) is the standard chemotherapy for testicular cancer. Though PVB-based chemotherapy has been widely used against germ cell tumors, it is associated with induction of oxidative toxicity and a transient or permanent loss of fertility. However, the mechanism of action of PVB on the testis is not thoroughly elucidated. Using a rat model, we investigated the persistence of the effects of PVB on steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis and testicular oxidative status and architecture. Further, we have also studied whether administration of melatonin has any protective effect on testicular physiology in the PVB-treated rats, since melatonin exerts influence on the antioxidant defense system. The body weight of the PVB-treated rats did not show significant change as compared with the control group. Significant decrease in the weight of the testis was observed with a reduction in volume in the PVB-treated rats. Administration of PVB caused a reduction in the testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. The circulatory levels of testosterone were also significantly reduced with an elevation of FSH and LH in the PVB-treated rats. Testicular architecture was severely affected with a reduction in seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial height. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were decreased while the levels of lipid peroxidation increased significantly in the testis of the PVB-treated rats indicating depletion of antioxidant defence system and elevation of oxidative stress. Co-administration of melatonin mitigated these changes in the PVB-treated rats.