海马皮质厚度和血管发育研究

用碱性磷酸酶染色，ＨＥ染色及墨汁灌注法，在光镜下观察３０例（６０侧）６个月胎儿至６岁儿童新鲜尸体大脑海马皮质厚度，皮质动脉分布皮质动脉管径，毛细血管密度和管径，结果表明，海马皮质厚度，血管分布，血管密度和管径均随年龄增长而增加，并且均以出生后变化明显。     

人脑海马皮质毛细血管比容积

测量毛细血管密度,并不能正确反映组织的血管容量分布,文内采用作者在Ｅｌｉａｓ毛细血管体积密度概念的基础上,勘察的一种单位体积组织中毛细血管容积（比容积）测量法。采用３０例（６０侧）６个月胎儿至６岁儿童新鲜尸体大脑,用碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）染色,在光镜下观察毛细血管分布,显微放大照相,自动彩扩机扩印照片,游标卡尺测量并计算海马皮质毛细血管“比容积”,结果表明,四个年龄组的左右侧毛细血管比容积,均无明显     

人脑视皮质及毛细血管的计量学研究

用HE及碱性磷酶染色法,在光镜下定量观察25例(50侧)6个月龄胎儿至6岁儿童新鲜尸体大脑视皮质的厚度、毛细血管密度、皮质动脉及毛细血管的口径。结果表明:视皮质厚度、毛细血管密度、血管管径均随年龄增长而增加。在视皮质各层里毛细血管密度以第Ⅳ层最高。     

大鼠海马毛细血管密度的体视学研究

用１８只大鼠海马分别制成连续切片，垂直切片和各向同性均匀随机切片，对海马各区，各层内毛细血管体积分数，表面积密度和长度密度进行计量，结果：海马各区的毛细血管密度以ＣＡ２区最高，其次为ＣＡ１，ＣＡ３，ＣＡ４区最低，但各区间无显著差异，各层中以锥体层毛细血管密度最高，次为多形层和分子层，腔隙层最低，各层具显著差异。     

幼儿海马血管构筑研究

本文采用色素明胶灌注后肉眼及光镜观察,铸型扫描及图像分析对31例幼尸的海马血管构筑进行了研究.人海马血管主要来源于大脑后动脉,分海马前、中、后动脉,由其进一步发出海马内侧及外侧横行动脉供应海马本部与齿状回.海马内部存在着广泛的毛细血管前徵血管吻合和毛细血管网.海马前部毛细血管密度高于后部;内部以CA_2,CA_3区锥体层密度最高.扫描电镜下可见徵静脉与徵动脉以1∶4的关系构成徵血管单位,并见毛细血管前后括约肌.     

糖尿病大鼠海马毛细血管超微结构观察

目的:观察实验性糖尿病大鼠海马毛细血管超微结构改变。方法:将成年SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（5只）、糖尿病组（12只,经腹腔注射链脲佐菌素制备实验性糖尿病大鼠模型）、糖尿病治疗组（12只,给予部分成模大鼠长效胰岛素2-3U/日治疗,使血糖低于10mmol/L）,于成模第3月末及第6月末灌注固定取脑,透射电镜下观察海马CA1区毛细血管。结果:糖尿病大鼠海马毛细血管基底膜增厚、内皮细胞与周细胞退变。6月组病变较3月组更显著,各治疗组改变较轻微。结论:糖尿病可导致大鼠海马毛细血管基底膜增厚,早期应用胰岛素治疗可延缓其发生。     

人胚胎大海海马发育的超微结构研究

本文借为微镜技术对４月胎龄组及６月胎龄组水囊引产胎儿海马中段部位的神经细胞进行了超微结构观察、拍照，并对照片给予分析、讨论。结果显示：６月组部分神经细胞中细胞器较４月组发达。该结果可提示人胎儿海马发育中期（４月组）神经细胞功能欠添跃，鸸以了较晚期（６月组）神经细胞功能增强，细胞器发育较完善，功能活跃。     

Nestin-Expressing Cells in the Human Hippocampus

Nestin, a protein of the intermediate filament family, is typical of undifferentiated neural stem and progenitor cells. The present report describes studies of nestin expression in the hippocampus of patients with epilepsy and identifies five types of nestin-immunopositive cells differing in terms of their morphological phenotype and immunological characteristics. These were cells with the phenotype of radial glial cells, bipolar cells, small dendritic cells, cells of the subependymal zone, and astrocyte-like cells. Two types of cell — radial gliocytes of the dentate fascia and NG2-immunopositive bipolar cells — can be regarded as neural precursors of different levels of commitment. __________ Translated from Morfologiya, Vol. 126, No. 6, pp. 19–25, November–December, 2004. Director: Professor A. A. Sosunov Director: Professor R. Solomon     

Effect of Kindling on GABAergic Neurons of the Hippocampus and Pyriform Cortex

GABAergic neurons in different fields of the hippocampus and pyriform cortex were examined 2 weeks and 1 month after electric stimulation of the ventral hippocampus. The counts of GABAergic neurons in the studied structures decreased significantly. The most pronounced shifts in the pyriform cortex were found in the central compartment. Decreased number of inhibitory elements in the two major epileptogenic structures attests to appreciable restructuring in the functions of their neuronal circles. __________ Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 140, No. 7, pp. 57–59, July, 2005     

三七总皂甙对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后大脑皮质及海马内肾上腺髓质素的影响

目的探讨三七总皂甙对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后大脑皮质及海马内肾上腺髓质素(ADM)的影响。方法采用线栓法制成大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注(MCAO)模型,阻断血流2h后再灌注4h。应用免疫组织化学染色法检测大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑组织的ADM表达情况及三七总皂甙对其影响。结果正常大鼠海马及皮质内即有ADM表达,假手术后ADM表达略有增加(P>0.05);大鼠脑缺血再灌注后ADM免疫反应阳性细胞多于正常对照组及假手术组(P<0.05);大鼠脑缺血再灌注后缺血侧及缺血对侧ADM免疫反应阳性细胞均增多,但以缺血侧区域增多最为明显(P<0.05)。大鼠腹腔注射三七总皂甙后,ADM阳性细胞表达比缺血再灌注组或生理盐水组明显增多(P<0.05)。结论脑缺血再灌注后ADM表达增强,三七总皂甙能增强脑缺血再灌注后脑组织表达ADM,对缺血再灌注后脑组织具有保护作用。     

Developmental Changes in the Thickness of the Cortex and Its Layers in the Paramedian Lobule of the Cerebellum in Children

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - Objective. To study developmental changes in the thickness of the cortex and its layers in the paramedian lobule of the cerebellum in children. Materials...     

铅致大鼠海马结构酸性磷酸酶活性和超微结构的改变

实验观察铅中毒大鼠海马酸性磷酸酶(ACPase)活性和超微结构的改变,采用了酶组织化学和透射电镜技术.发现(1)实验组海马CA1、CA3区和齿状回ACPase活性增强,其中CA3区图像分析显示,对照组和实验组灰度值分别为99.80±1.75和86.43±1.29,两组间差异有显著性(P＜0.05);(2)实验组海马CA1和CA3区锥体细胞细胞器减少,排列稀疏.胞质内出现明显增多的脂褐素.核内出现空泡变性.此外,实验组海马内有髓神经纤维髓鞘出现变形改变.文内还讨论了铅中毒致海马的结构改变对其功能的影响.     

Histochemical and Morphological Changes in Various Regions of the Rat Hippocampus in Swimming-Induced Stress

Swimming stress increased the functional activity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in rats, as indicated by decreases in their glycogen contents and increases in their nucleic acid contents and the nucleus:cytoplasm ratio. These changes were most marked in hippocampal field CA1, while changes in other regions of the hippocampus were minimal.     

糖尿病大鼠海马超微结构观察及胰岛素治疗作用

目的 观察实验性糖尿病大鼠海马超微结构改变。方法 将成年ＳＤ大鼠随机分为正常对照组（５只）、糖尿病组（１２只,经腹腔注射链脉佐菌素制备实验性糖尿病大鼠模型）、糖尿病治疗组门 只,给子部分成模大凤长效胰岛素２－３Ｕ／日治疗,使空腹血糖低于 １０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,于成模第３月末及第６月末灌注固定取脑,透射电镜下观察梅马起微结构。结果 电镜下可见糖尿病大鼠海马发生锥体细胞退变。６月组病变较三月组更显著,相应治疗组改变较轻傲。结论 糖尿病可导致大鼠海马锥体细胞退变,早期应用胰岛素治疗可延缓其发生。     

Human Neuron-Specific Enolase: Genetic and Developmental Studies

Neuron-specific enolase is readily detected as early as 54 days gestational age in brain extracts from human fetuses and undergoes a rapid increase with developmental maturation of the nervous system. No genetic variants of this enzyme were found among 14 fetal and 120 postnatal specimens, consistent with previous findings of highly restricted variation among glycolytic enzymes.     

Proteomics Reveals Intersexual Differences in the Rat Brain Hippocampus

It is widely accepted that intersexual differences occur in cognitive domains, e.g., in spatial learning and memory. The hippocampus plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short‐term memory to long‐term memory and spatial navigation. However, it still remains unknown whether the hippocampal proteomic profiling differs between males and females. In this study, we investigated the intersexual differences in protein expression of hippocampi using the two‐dimensional electrophoresis analysis. In all, 33 differentially expressed proteins were characterized by matrix‐assisted laser desorption and ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and validated by Western‐blotting analysis. In line with Western‐blotting validation, the proteomic identification revealed the overexpression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in female rats' hippocampi, and the overexpression of both creatine kinase B‐type and DRP‐2 in male rats' hippocampi. The intersexual differences in hippocampal proteomic profiling are probably closely related to those in spatial learning and memory abilities. Anat Rec, 296:462–469, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.