多层螺旋CT对先天性耳畸形的诊断价值

目的 探讨先天性耳畸形多层螺旋CT(MSCT)的表现,为临床诊断、评估和治疗提供准确信息.方法 回顾性分析先天性耳畸形患者36例46耳,行MSCT容积扫描及MPR、CPR、MIP、VR、VE等重建.结果 36例46耳中,双侧10例,单侧26例;外中耳联合畸形43耳,合并内耳畸形3耳;外耳畸形中,骨性闭锁38耳,膜性闭锁5耳,骨性狭窄3耳;中耳畸形中,听小骨缺如4例,发育不全42耳,小鼓室45耳;合并畸形中,垂直外耳道19耳,下颌骨髁突及颞颌关节异常31耳,面神经管乳突段前位28耳,鼓室段低位7耳,颈静脉窝高位5耳,乙状窦前位3耳,中颅窝低位2耳;合并中耳炎6耳.结论 MSCT后处理重建能准确诊断先天性耳畸形的外、中、内耳异常解剖结构及合并畸形,并为临床提供参考.     

先天性外耳道狭窄的CT分析（附30例报告）

目的：分析先天性外耳道狭窄合并鼓室，听小骨畸形的ＣＴ表现，材料与方法，对经过电镜检查诊断为传时性耳聋者３０例４０耳进行横断及冠状位ＣＴ扫描，结果：４０耳中有３４耳呈骨性外耳道狭窄，６耳呈膜性外耳道狭窄，２６耳合并有鼓室狭窄，１９耳合并有面神经管乳突段前位２９耳合并有听小骨畸形。结论：经高分辨率ＣＴ对颞骨进行横断及冠状位扫描综合分析后即可获得外。内耳的三维造影资料，为临床提供影像学依据，     

多层螺旋CT曲面重建在先天性外耳道闭锁中面神经管异常的研究

目的用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)曲面重建(CPR)技术研究先天性外耳道闭锁中面神经管的异常。方法对15例(17耳)先天性外耳道闭锁患者进行多层螺旋高分辨率CT(HRCT)扫描,图像后处理在Philips Mx8000工作站进行。结果17耳中,外耳道狭窄2耳,外耳道膜性闭锁2耳,骨性闭锁13耳。外耳道先天性胆脂瘤及耳后瘘管1耳。鼓室畸形3耳。听小骨先天畸形7耳。内耳畸形1耳。面神经管异常17耳。其中面神经管总长度变短11耳,面神经管走行异常5耳,面神经管位置异常9耳,面神经管管径变细1耳,面神经管分叉1耳。结论MSCT高分辨率扫描加CPR技术能清晰显示先天性外耳道闭锁患者中面神经管的异常,有利于临床医生术前详尽了解面神经管的行程,减少不必要的面神经意外损伤。     

颞骨鼓部发育不良所致外耳道畸形的CT分析

目的 分析84耳外耳道畸形的高分辨率CT（HRCT）表现，探讨颞骨鼓部发育畸形与外耳道畸形的关系。资料与方法 临床诊断84耳外、中耳畸形患者均行HRCT检查，重点观察骨性外耳道鼓部发育的形态。结果 鼓部完全未发育、骨性外耳道未形成43耳(43／84)；鼓部重度发育不良、鼓部为不规则形态、未形成骨性外耳道27耳(27／84)；鼓部中度发育不良、鼓部形成不典型的“U”结构、外耳道形态不良14耳(14／84)。结论 骨性外耳道发育不良与颞骨鼓部发育不全有重要关系。     

333例先天性外中耳畸形的CT分析

目的：分析先天性外中耳畸形的各种ＣＴ特征。材料与方法：对高分辨率ＣＴ确诊为外中耳畸形的３３３例４０４耳的病变部位和类型进行分析。结果：４０４耳中３６４耳外耳道闭锁，４０耳外耳道狭窄，３７７耳有听小骨畸形，３８２耳鼓室狭窄，３３３耳面神经管乳突段前位。结论：颞骨高分辨ＣＴ可获得外、中、内耳畸形类型的影像资料，可为临床制定治疗方案提供依据。     

先天性外中耳畸形合并内耳畸形的HRCT表现

目的:总结先天性外中耳畸形合并内耳畸形的高分辨CT(HRCT)表现。方法:6例6耳先天性外中耳畸形同时合并内耳畸形,5例行横断面及冠状面HRCT扫描,1例仅行横断面扫描。分析先天性外中耳畸形合并内耳畸形的HRCT表现特点。结果:6耳不同程度的外中耳畸形合并的内耳畸形有:①外半规管畸形(6耳):外半规管短小或短粗;②前庭扩大(3耳):前庭增宽,左右径大于4mm;③前庭窗封闭(3耳):HRCT冠状面显示前庭窗结构消失;④内听道异常(2耳):内听道狭窄,可合并走行异常;⑤前庭导水管扩大(1耳):前庭导水管呈三角形扩大并与总脚相通。结论:部分先天性外中耳畸形可同时合并内耳畸形,HRCT检查时应重视发现这种复杂畸形。     

CT检查在外耳道闭锁中的临床应用

目的：探讨CT在外耳道闭锁中的临床直用．方法：外耳道闭锁病人15例（18只耳），先天性12例，后天性3例，平均年龄24岁选用显示骨算法重建行CT扫描，层厚1-2mm，横断面为常规切展方向，5例加扫冠状位．结果：①外耳道闭锁：骨性闭锁16耳（88．9％），膜性闭锁2耳（11．1％）。②中耳发育畸形：中耳破室腔挟小10耳（55．6％），听小骨畸形10耳（55．6％）。③乳突气化不良者8耳（44．4％），气化良好者10耳（55．6％）。④本组病例内耳结构未见明显异常．⑤鼓骨畸形10例（55．6％），面神经管垂直段前8耳（44．4％），结论：CT扫描可获得外耳、中耳及内耳的三维影像资抖，明确外耳道闭锁的程度及类型、鼓室及听小骨畸形的情况．面神经管垂直段的位置以硬内耳细微结构有无畸形等，有助于手术方式的选择，提高外耳道畸形手术的成功率。     

高分辨率CT在外耳及中耳畸形诊断中的应用

目的 探讨高分辨率CT(high resolution CT,HRCT)对外耳及中耳先天性畸形的诊断价值.方法 收集经HRCT检查诊断为外耳及中耳先天性畸形病人34例,评价中耳及外耳畸形的类别.结果 34例先天性耳畸形病人中,单纯外耳畸形11例,单纯中耳畸形7例,外耳畸形合并中耳畸形16例.外耳、中耳畸形的发病率并无明显差异;外耳、中耳畸形单侧、同时发生常见;外耳畸形中先天性外耳道闭锁常见;中耳畸形中听骨链异常常见,单纯中耳畸形中常见镫骨畸形.结论 HRCT可清晰显示外耳及中耳畸形.     

先天性外中耳畸形的螺旋CT与手术对照观察

目的进一步提高螺旋CT及后处理技术诊断外中耳畸形的水平。资料与方法对22例(24耳)经手术治疗的先天性外中耳畸形病例,术前采用螺旋CT高分辨扫描,将原始扫描数据密集重组后进行多平面重组(MPR)(轴面、冠状面、斜轴面、斜冠状面)、曲面重组(CPR)及仿真内镜容积重组(VR)成像,与手术所见进行详细对照观察。结果手术治疗24耳,外耳道狭窄1耳,骨性闭锁18耳,膜性闭锁3耳。鼓室腔狭小12耳。锤骨畸形或缺如23耳,其中1耳CT见细小锤骨,而手术为缺如。砧骨缺如4耳,砧骨畸形16耳,其中有2耳手术见砧骨长脚长、砧骨粗大,而CT表现基本正常。镫骨细小畸形6耳,其他畸形7耳,镫骨缺如5耳;砧锤关节融合畸形14耳,轻度变形1耳,缺如4耳;砧镫关节融合1耳,不连5耳,缺如7耳;卵圆窗骨性封闭8耳,上述CT所见均与手术相符。手术见3耳圆窗骨性封闭,其中1耳CT表现正常。手术有3耳未见咽鼓管开口,其中1耳CT表现正常。手术见面神经管前位8耳,其中1耳CT表现正常。结论螺旋CT高分辨扫描及其多种后处理成像综合观察,多数可以反映外中耳畸形情况,有利于指导手术方案的制定。     

先天性耳畸形和正常颞骨的螺旋CT三维成像分析

目的：探讨螺旋CT扫描及三维重建成像技术在先天性耳畸形和正常颞骨的临床应用，方法：采用螺旋高分辨CT扫描技术，对16例先天性，中耳畸形及40例正常耳行多平面重建，曲面重建和三维表面成像，结果：16侧患耳畸形为：外耳道骨性闭锁，鼓室狭小，听小骨发育不育，面神经管异常等。小视野密集重建清晰显示了细微结构，多平面重建提供多位信息，三维表面成像立体直观地显示形态结构，结论：螺旋高分辨CT及三维重建成像技术有利于外，中、内耳正常结构的显示和先天畸形的诊断，三维重建成像技术能提供更多的诊断信息，建议临床选择应用。     

高分辨率CT显示听小骨能力的研究

目的 探讨高分辨率CT（HRCT）单侧密集骨重建技术对听小骨细微结构的显示能力及对疾病的诊断价值。方法：收集45人，81只耳的资料，全部病例行HRCT扫描，后进行单侧局部密集骨重建，观察轴冠位的正常及异常HRCT图像对听小骨（包括砧骨豆状突，砧镫关节，镫骨前后脚、脚板）的显示情况。结果：慢性中耳乳突炎31只，外耳道先天性闭锁伴中耳发育畸形2只，颞骨骨折波及中耳1只。HRCT密集骨重建，轴冠位结合扫描，能清晰显示听小骨炎症的微小破坏，骨折等病变；结合中耳仿真内镜可清晰地显示发育畸形的听小骨。结论：HRCT能清晰，准确地显示听小骨细微结构。优于传统的CT图像，可为临床诊断和治疗提供可靠的依据。     

Patients with dysplasia of the auricle and external ear abnormalities: Evaluation of the temporal bones malformation with thin-section computed tomography

Purpose

To correlate the relationship of the degree of external, middle, and inner ears abnormalities and the degree of dysplasia of the auricle (microtia).

Methods

We used high-resolution CT, with axial and coronal 1-mm contiguous sections to examine the temporal bones of patients with microtia.

Results

In cases of type II and III microtia, bony atresia of the external auditory canal was predominant. The degrees of middle ear malformations and ossicular dysplasia were correlated with the severity of the auricular anomalies. Inner ear changes were uncommon.

Conclusion

Microtia is commonly associated with a variety of external, middle, and, less frequently inner ear abnormalities. High-resolution multiplanar CT scanning is the primary imaging modality of choice in the preoperative evaluation of patients with microtia and external auditory canal dysplasia.     

Deformity of the labyrinth and internal auditory meatus in congenital deafness.

In congenital deafness it is important that the radiological examination should exclude any deformities of the bony labyrinth or internal auditory meatus as well as demonstrating lesions of the middle and external ears. Radiological assessment of inner ear abnormalities should be used as a guide both to the feasibility of reconstructive surgery to the middle and external ears and for the future training of the child. Inner ear abnormalities demonstrated by tomography in 56 patients are discussed in relation to the cochlea function. The importance of demonstrating the central bony spiral of the cochlea and of assessing the size and shape the internal auditory meatus is stressed.     

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of congenital abnormalities of the temporal bone

Congenital abnormalities of the temporal bone are mostly accompanied by conductive or sensori-neural hearing loss. Before any therapeutic procedures are done high resolution CT (HRCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed to establish the correct diagnosis and to plan the potentially surgical intervention. HRCT best depicts osseous changes especially those of the external auditory canal and the middle ear containing the ossicles and the osseous structures of the temporal bone and the petrous bone containing the inner ear. MRI excellently shows soft tissue changes of the inner ear especially on the high resolution 3DT2-weighted sequences which give a superb contrast between the nerves and the cerebro-spinal fluid. Malformations of the external auditory canal consists of aplasia or hypoplasia and those of the middle ear range form extreme hypoplasia or aplasia to very mild deformations of the ossicles. Malformations of the inner ear also range form complete aplasia to very mild hypoplasia of the organs of the inner ear as well as malformations concerning the nerves in the internal auditory canal range from aplasia to hypoplasia. Malformations of the temporal bone can either occur isolated or in combination in which malformations of the external and middle ear may be accompanied by those of the inner ear. Furthermore, malformations of the temporal bone may also occur in otofacial, otocervical or otoskeletal syndromes. These syndromes may be accompanied by certain malformations of the temporal bone. HRCT and MRI are both excellent methods to depict congenital abnormalities of the temporal bone and of the inner ear and should be used as complementary methods because HRCT best depicts osseous changes and MRI superbly depicts soft tissue changes. Both methods are important to establish the correct diagnosis to plan the therapeutic procedures.     

颞骨骨纤维异常增殖症HRCT研究

目的 探讨颞骨骨纤维异常增殖症HRCT表现，评价HRCT 的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析资料完整的16例颞骨骨纤维异常增殖症的HRCT扫描图像。结果 颞骨单侧发病lO例，双侧发病6例。腿cT示受累颞骨弥漫性膨大，骨皮质变薄。根据病变的密度分为3种类型：硬化型9例(56．25％)，表现为均匀一致的高密度；变形性骨炎型6例(37．5％)，表现为高密度病灶中散在点或片状低密度区；囊型1例(6．25％)，病变明显膨胀，表现为多个球形或卵圆形透亮区，有薄的骨壳包绕。骨纤维异常增殖症可导致颞骨的自然腔隙、孔道狭窄，如外耳道、鼓室腔、内听道、前庭导水管、耳蜗导水管及面神经乳突段骨管；一般不破坏听小骨和内耳骨迷路；常见并发症为炎症、胆脂瘤，3例(18．75％)继发胆脂瘤分别位于外耳道、乳突及上鼓室，乳突窦，其中上鼓室，乳突窦胆脂瘤破坏邻近听小骨、上半规管。此外，还可引起岩段颈内动脉管、颈静脉孔、茎乳孔和颞下颌关节形态的改变。结论HRCT可清楚显示颞骨骨纤维异常增殖症骨质改变、病变范围及并发症，在本病的诊断、治疗及随访中起重要作用。