大鼠窒息性心跳骤停全脑缺血模型制作的改进

目的 对大鼠窒息性心跳骤停全脑缺血模型进行改进.方法 80只SD大鼠,随机分为2组:假手术(Sham)组和全脑缺血/再灌注(I/R)组.麻醉后行动静脉置管和气管插管,I/R组建立窒息性心跳骤停模型,待平均动脉压≤6 mmHg后4min开始行心肺复苏,Sham组不窒息,不复苏.术后6、12、24、48和72 h行神经行为学评分,观察海马组织形态及神经元密度的改变.结果 I/R组术后24、48和72 h神经行为学评分较Sham组增高(P＜0.01);同时相神经元密度较Sham组降低(P＜0.01).结论 全脑缺血/再灌注组神经行为学评分、组织学分级、神经元密度的改变均提示大鼠神经系统受到明显的损害,此造模方法是成功的,其损伤小,有效地提高了大鼠全脑缺血模型成功率.     

Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts in a Greek tertiary hospital

Abstract

Introduction: In-hospital cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death and despite recent advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the survival to hospital discharge is poor. The aim of our study was to evaluate the success of resuscitation efforts in a tertiary hospital.

Patients and Methods: We retrospectively collected and analysed data on all patients in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted after in-hospital cardiac arrest in one-year period.

Results: 96 cardiac arrest victims were studied. Sustained return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 15 (15.6%) patients, while all of them survived for 24 h. Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, initiation of resuscitation efforts in less than 5 min, and intubation time < 1 min after team arrival were predictive factors associated with restoration of spontaneous circulation. Non-certified residents resuscitated 87 (90.6%) patients with 6 (6.8%) of them achieving return of spontaneous circulation and surviving for 24 h. On the contrary, certified ward residents resuscitated nine (9.3%) patients with 100% immediate and 24-h survival.

Conclusion: In our hospital, certified providers had remarkably higher successful resuscitation rates for in-hospital cardiac arrest than non-certified providers. This finding suggests that training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, continuing medical education, and implementation of the existing legislation will result in increased survival.     

心搏骤停患者心肺复苏过程中呼气末二氧化碳分压的比较

目的探讨心搏骤停患者心肺复苏过程中呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)的变化情况。方法选取本院2011年10月~2013年12月诊治的心搏骤停患者86例,均行心肺复苏治疗和PETCO2监测。根据复苏效果分为两组,34例患者自主循环恢复(ROSC)为观察组,52例患者复苏未成功为对照组,比较两组患者不同时间点PETCO2的变化情况。根据存活时间,将观察组分为两组,19例患者于24h内死亡为A组,15例患者存活大于24h为B组,比较两组患者不同时间点PETCO2的变化情况。结果对照组患者PETCO2先升高后降低,观察组患者PETCO2持续升高,观察组患者PETCO2在多个时相点均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);A组与B组患者PETCO2均持续升高,B组患者PETCO2在多个时相点均明显高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心搏骤停患者心肺复苏过程中,PETCO2与患者预后密切相关,可作为心肺复苏预后的有效监测指标。     

老年人心肺复苏的特点及临床分析

目的了解6年来我院老年人心肺复苏（CPR）现状,分析其临床特点,研究防治对策。方法对本院2002年6月至2008年6月发生的335例心跳骤停（CA）的患者资料进行分析,按年龄分为老年组（年龄≥60岁）和非老年组（年龄〈60岁）,比较2组自主循环恢复（ROSC）成功率、脑复苏成功率; 分析2组CPR开始时间、人工气道开始建立时间、CPR持续时间、除颤次数、肾上腺素用量,组间进行比较。结果非老年组ROSC成功率为32.42%,脑复苏率为3.85%,老年组ROSC成功率为20.92%,脑复苏成功率为0.65%。2组之间CPR开始时间、人工气道开始建立时间方面无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,肾上腺素用量上有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论老年人CA患者CPR成功率相当低,重视老年人基础疾病的救治,完善急救医疗体系建设,是提高老年人CPR成功率的关键措施。     

Factors modifying the effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden.

AIM: To describe possible factors modifying the effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival among patients suffering an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PATIENTS: A national survey in Sweden among patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and in whom resuscitative efforts were attempted. Sixty per cent of ambulance organizations were included. DESIGN: Prospective evaluation. Survival was defined as survival 1 month after cardiac arrest. RESULTS: In all, 14065 reports were included in the evaluation. Of these, resuscitation efforts were attempted in 10966 cases, of which 1089 were witnessed by ambulance crews. The report deals with the remaining 9877 patients, of whom bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted in 36%. Survival to 1 month was 8.2% among patients who received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation vs 2.5% among patients who did not receive it (odds ratio 3.5, 95% confidence interval 2.9-4.3). The effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival was related to: (1) the interval between collapse and the start of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (effect more marked in patients who experienced a short delay); (2) the quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (effect more marked if both chest compressions and ventilation were performed than if either of them was performed alone); (3) the category of bystander (effect more marked if bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed by a non-layperson); (4) interval between collapse and arrival of the ambulance (effect more marked if this interval was prolonged); (5) age (effect more marked in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation among the elderly); and (6) the location of the arrest (effect more marked if the arrest took place outside the home). CONCLUSION: The effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest can be modified by various factors. Factors that were associated with the effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation were the interval between the collapse and the start of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, whether or not the bystander was a layperson, the interval between collapse and the arrival of the ambulance, age and the place of arrest.     

氨茶碱和肾上腺素联用在心肺复苏早期的应用研究

目的探讨心肺复苏早期联用氨茶碱和肾上腺素的临床效果。方法心搏骤停患者69例,随机分为研究组和对照组。研究组早期联用氨茶碱和肾上腺素,对照组应用肾上腺素治疗。结果与对照组比较,研究组自主循环恢复率和24 h存活率增高（P〈0.01）,自主循环和自主呼吸恢复时间明显缩短、持续时间明显延长（P〈0.01）。结论心肺复苏早期联用氨茶碱和肾上腺素明显促进自主循环和自主呼吸的恢复,并能维持其稳定。     

Gender difference in the clinical outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A report using data from a national Korean registry

We explored gender differences in the characteristics and outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Korea.We retrospectively analyzed a nationwide multicenter registry of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients that prospectively collected from January to December 2014, and explored the clinical outcomes of 670 successfully resuscitated adult patients with OHCA who were transferred to 27 hospitals. The effect of gender on the 30-day neurologically favorable survival (cerebral performance category 1 or 2) was analyzed after propensity score matching (PSM) of each patient in terms of clinical characteristics.We included 670 patients with OHCA, of whom 482 (72%) were male and 182 (28%) were female. The frequency of witnessed arrests and proportion of home arrests were similar between men and women (73.7% vs 71.3%, P = .59, and 55.0% vs 60.6% P = .21, respectively). Women were older than men (mean age, 65.9 vs 59.7 years, P < .001) and less likely to present with an initial shockable rhythm (27.7% vs 45.0%, P < .001). Women were less likely to undergo targeted temperature management (19.1% vs 35.9%, P < .001), coronary angiography (14.9% vs 36.1%, P < .001), or revascularization (7.4% vs 19.3%, P < .001). Compared with men, women exhibited poorer 30-day neurologically favorable survival (69.7% vs 83.0%, P = .001). However, the gender difference was not significant on PSM or inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analyses (P = .48 and P = .63, respectively).Female patients with OHCA exhibited poorer clinical characteristics and were less likely to receive treatment than men. After accounting for these differences, clinical outcomes did not differ by gender.     

Outcome of in-hospital adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation assisted with portable auto-priming percutaneous cardiopulmonary support

Background

Outcome from in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is still unsatisfactory. CPR assisted with percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) is expected to improve the outcome of in-hospital CPR.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 83 consecutive cases of adult in-hospital CPR assisted by a portable pre-assembled auto-priming PCPS system (EBS, Terumo, Japan) from January 2004 to December 2007.

Results

PCPS was successfully performed in 97.6% of the patients and could be weaned in 57.8% of the patients. The survival-to-discharge rate was 41.0% with an acceptable neurological status in 85.3% of the patients. The 6-month survival was 38.6%. Survival-to-discharge decreased about 1% for each 1 min increase in the duration of CPR. The probability of survival was about 65%, 45%, and 19% when the duration of CPR was 10, 30, or 60 min, respectively. Multivariate analysis adjusted with clinical factors including organ dysfunction severity scores revealed that defibrillation and CPR duration less than 35 min were independent predictors for both survival-to-discharge (odds ratio = 8.0, 95% CI = 2.8-23.0, p < 0.001) and 6-month survival (hazard ratio = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.9-5.9, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our results showed that CPR assisted with PCPS results in an acceptable survival-to-discharge rate and mid-term prognosis.     

Thumper型CPR机对心脏复苏的疗效分析

目的探讨Thumper型CPR机对心脏停搏患者心肺复苏(CPR)的临床效果。方法将我院急诊科重症监护病房中发生心脏停搏的患者107例随机分为两组,对照组52例采用徒手胸外心脏按压,两人交替,CPR机组55例采用Thumper型CPR机进行胸外心脏按压,两组均按照《2005年国际CPR和心血管急救指南》进行急救,比较两组患者心脏复苏成功率,复苏成功时间,有创动脉血压,动脉血氧饱和度,动脉血氧分压,肋骨骨折发生率。结果 CPR机组心脏复苏成功率,有创动脉血压,血氧饱和度,动脉血氧分压明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);CPR成功时间,肋骨骨折发生率明显低于对照组,两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心脏停搏患者早期采用Thumper型CPR机进行心脏复苏,能显著提高CPR成功率,降低并发症的发生。     

Application of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adult patients with refractory cardiac arrest

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to summarize the clinical experience of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in the treatment of adult patients with refractory cardiac arrest.MethodsThe clinical data of 12 cases of adult patients with cardiac arrest hospitalized between June 2015 and September 2019 who were unable to achieve return of spontaneous circulation effectively with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) and were treated with ECPR technology were retrospectively analyzed. The group included six males and six females aged between 18 and 69 years. All the patients underwent veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) support with the adoption of femoral artery and vein catheterization.ResultsThe duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for the 12 patients was 32–125 min, and the ECMO duration was 2–190 h. Four patients were successfully weaned from ECMO and survived until hospital discharge. The other eight patients died in hospital; hemodynamic collapse (four patients) in the early stage of ECMO and severe neurological complications (three patients) were the main causes of death.ConclusionsSingle-center data showed that ECPR provided a new rescue alternative for some patients with reversible refractory cardiac arrest. We have demonstrated that the success rate of treatment could be improved by selecting suitable patients and reducing the CPR duration as much as possible.     

Strategy analysis of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in the community

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a crucial therapy for sudden cardiac arrest. This appreciation produced immense efforts by professional organizations to train laypeople for CPR skills. However, the rate of CPR training is low and varies widely across communities. Several strategies are used in order to improve the rate of CPR training and are performed in some advanced countries. The Chinese CPR training in communities could gain enlightenment from them.