肝癌栓塞化疗后的远期疗效评价

近年来,肝癌（HCC）的经导管栓塞化疗后的远期疗效报道愈来愈多。本文复习国内外有关文献,就其远期生存率作一评价。1不同治疗方式的远期生存率比较经肝动脉途径治疗HCC的方式包括经导管肝动脉灌注化疗（TAI）、经导管肝动脉化方加明胶海绵栓塞（TAE）、经导管肝动脉碘油抗癌药乳剂加明胶海绵栓塞（ICCE）以及节段性肝动脉化疗栓塞（S-TOCE）。各种治疗方式的1～5年生存率及远期疗效优劣依次为S－TOCE＞TOCE＞TAE＞TAI。[1]2肿癌形态学因素对远期间生存率的影响影响远期生存率的肿瘤形态学因素主要包括肿瘤大小、肿瘤类型…     

恩度肝动脉灌注联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的生存分析

目的探讨恩度肝动脉灌注联合经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效。方法选取2009年9月-2011年6月天津医科大学附属石油医院收治的76例中晚期肝癌患者。其中44例给予恩度肝动脉灌注联合经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,其余32例作为对照组,仅行经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗。治疗后,所有患者不定期行CT或磁共振成像(MRI)检查,观察肿瘤复发或转移情况以及有无肿瘤新生血管形成。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,Log-rank法分析两组术后生存差异。结果恩度治疗组的治疗有效率(RR)高于对照组(70.45%vs 43.75%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.47,P<0.05);疾病控制率(DCR)高于对照组(84.09%vs 56.25%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.18,P<0.01);两组中位无进展生存时间(m PFS)分别为9.00个月和5.00个月,差异有统计学意义(P=0.044)。中位生存期(m OS)分别为10.64个月和8.11个月,差异无统计学意义(P=0.448)。结论采用恩度肝动脉灌注联合经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌,可明显改善患者近期疗效及PFS,但对总生存期的改善不明显。     

肝动脉插管化疗栓塞联合射频消融对大肝癌疗效评价

目的 探讨经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融(RFA)治疗大肝癌的临床应用价值.方法 收集我院2006年4月～2008年7月肝细胞癌患者66例,并将其分为经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞+射频消融组(19例)、经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞组(24例)和射频消融组(23例),并将其疗效进行比较.结果 经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞+射频消融组的肿瘤坏死率达73.68％,明显高于单纯经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞组及单纯射频消融组(分别为50.00％和52.17％,P＜0.01或P＜0.05).局部复发率分别为26.32％、37.50％和30.43％,3组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞+射频消融组的平均生存期为28.3个月,高于经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞组与单纯射频消融组(分别为13.6个月、21.7个月,P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论 经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗大肝癌与单纯经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞和单纯射频消融治疗效果相比,可提高肿瘤坏死率,延长患者生存期.     

碘油化疗药物栓塞治疗肝细胞癌24例报告

目的分析碘油化疗药物栓塞治疗失去手术时机肝细胞癌的疗效。方法采用seldinger插管方法，将导管插入肝动脉或更接近肿瘤的供血动脉，先灌注化疗药物，再用碘油与化疗药物混悬液在X线监控下栓塞肿瘤血管，直至肿瘤区碘油沉积充分后再用明胶海绵栓塞。结果6个月生存率91．6％，12个月生存率41．6％，24个月生存率4．2％，平均生存13．6月。结论碘油化疗药物栓塞治疗中晚期肝细胞癌患者能适当延长病人的生存期。     

原发性肝癌术前经肝动脉化疗栓塞的病理观察

原发性肝癌术前经肝动脉化疗栓塞的病理观察山东省千佛山医院（２５００１４）滕木俭毕玉华刘瑞鸣张丽丽王涛１９９２年３月以来，我们收治１７例术前经导管行肝动脉化疗栓塞（ＴＡＥ）的原发性肝癌患者，均行肿瘤及部分肝切除。现就其病理结果讨论如下。１资料与方法本组...     

贲门癌的综合介入治疗疗效观察

目的观察经动脉化疗栓塞并内支架置放治疗中晚期贲门癌的临床效果。方法42例中晚期贲门癌患者除3例为临床诊断外其余均经内镜及病理学检查确诊。所有病例以Seldinger技术经股动脉穿刺插管，于肿瘤动脉内灌注化疗药物及栓塞剂并配合使用食管内支架置放术。灌注及栓塞以胃左动脉为主，少数辅以腹腔动脉、肝左动脉及左膈下动脉，所用栓塞剂为超液化碘油和明胶海绵颗粒。结果共行动脉灌注治疗143例次，平均3．4次/例，其中48例次加用碘油及明胶海绵颗粒栓塞。置放内支架47个。总有效率为88．1％(37／42)，半年、1年及2年生存率分别为82．0％(35／42)、69．1％(29／42)及38．0％(16／42)。结论经动脉灌注化疗栓塞并内支架置放的综合介入疗法是中晚期贲门癌安全有效的治疗措施。     

左膈下动脉供血在肝癌介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨左膈下动脉(LIPA)对肝癌的供血及其介入性栓塞在肝癌治疗中的价值.评价经导管做LIPA栓塞化疗的安全性和效果.方法 对22例经血管造影确认有LIPA参与肝癌供血者进行动脉栓塞化疗(TACE).结节型20例,巨块型2例.术前行CT或MRI平扫及增强扫描,术中常规做腹腔动脉-肝动脉及膈下动脉造影,在确认供血范围后将导管超选择至供血支,先用碘油-抗癌乳剂栓塞肿瘤末梢血管,然后注入明胶海绵碎粒或PVA颗粒.观察术后临床经过、相关实验室检查和影像学表现,并与血管造影进行对照分析.结果 病灶位于肝左叶18例(81.8%):7例位于S3,7例位于S2,4例位于S4.病灶位于肝右叶(S5)4例(18.2%).22例患者左膈下动脉TACE全部成功.9例进行LIPA化疗栓塞时发现肝动脉完全阻塞.2例术后发生左下肺叶盘状肺不张和少量胸腔积液.结论 LIPA参与肝癌供血多见于多次行TACE的病人并且肿块位于肝左叶.栓塞左膈下动脉的安全性很高,并发症少且多为自限性.     

原发性肝癌的介入治疗

肝癌的介入治疗主要包括二部分:经皮血管治疗技术及经皮非血管治疗技术,前者主要包括经肝动脉栓塞化疗术及经肝动脉门静脉结合栓塞化疗术;后者则指在超声(US)、CT、MR引导下经皮穿刺瘤内局部治疗,包括瘤内药物注射与物理损毁治疗。1肝癌的血管内介入治疗肝癌血管内介入治疗的最主要手段为经肝动脉栓塞化疗术。主要适用于以右叶为主或肝内多发病灶以及术后复发而无法手术切除的肝癌。经肝动脉栓塞化疗有以下作用:1阻断肿瘤血液供应,使肿瘤严重缺血坏死而缩小。2提高局部化疗药物浓度,增强抗肿瘤效应,减少化疗药物毒副作用。3破坏肿瘤的血…     

肝动脉化疗加栓塞治疗晚期肝癌65例分析

1997～ 2 0 0 0年 ,我院应用肝动脉化疗加栓塞治疗晚期肝癌患者 65例现报告如下。临床资料 :本组男 5 7例 ,女 8例 ,年龄 5 2 .5± 11.3岁。其中原发性肝癌 5 8例 ,转移性肝癌 7例 ,均经 CT、B超、AFP确诊。癌肿≤ 10 cm者 2 8例 ;>10 cm者 3 7例。肝癌分期 : 期者17例 , 期者 4 5例 , 期者 3例。肿瘤类型 :巨块型 3 9例 ,结节弥漫型 2 6例。 AFP≥ 2 0 0 ng/ml者 4 1例 ,AFP<2 0 0 ng/ml者 2 4例。门静脉癌栓者 2 8例。方法 :采用 Seldingers方法 ,经股动脉穿刺 ,将肝动脉导管选择性插管到肝固有动脉以远 ,行血管造影术 ,然后灌注化…     

经皮肝穿刺胆道内外引流术＋化疗栓塞术姑息性治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸临床体会

目的 探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道内外引流术（PTCD）＋化疗栓塞术（TALE）在恶性梗阻性黄疸姑息性治疗中的疗效。方法采用经皮肝穿刺技术胆道内外引流管植入及Seldinger穿刺技术行肿瘤动脉造影灌注化疗栓塞相结合的双介入治疗方法。结果 全部患者经皮经肝穿刺胆道内外引流手术成功，留置内外引流管13例，外引流管16例，双侧引流外引流和内外引流2例，31例患者均行动脉灌注化疗术，9例患者行动脉灌注化疗栓塞术，治疗后总胆红素明显下降。结论 经皮肝穿刺胆道内外引流术＋化疗栓塞术在恶性梗阻性黄疸临床治疗中是比较理想的姑息性治疗方法。能明显提高生活质量，延长患者的生存期。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及影响因素

目的观察肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗对原发性肝癌的疗效及影响因素．方法单纯化疗（Ａ组）；化疗加碘油栓塞（Ｂ组）；化疗加碘油加明胶海绵栓塞（Ｃ组）．结果５年内肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗中、晚期肝癌４２８例，３８６例经２个月～５０个月随访．肿瘤缩小率：Ａ组１４％，Ｂ组５５％，Ｃ组７９％（三组间Ｐ＜００１）．肿瘤基本消失：Ｃ组５％，Ａ，Ｂ两组无１例消失．生存时间：１年生存率Ａ组０％，Ｂ组１０％，Ｃ组４５％，其中１２例患者获Ⅱ期手术切除，切除标本病理检查见肿瘤区癌细胞全部或部分凝固坏死，瘤旁癌细胞稀疏．结论影响疗效因素与肿瘤的病理类型及血供情况，门静脉主干瘘和癌栓、肝动脉插管治疗方式有关．     

Clinical experience of hepatic hemangioma undergoing hepatic resection

The indications for surgery on cavernous hemangiomas, the most common benign tumors of the liver, remain unclear. This study reviewed 43 patients with cavernous hemangioma of the liver who underwent hepatic resection from 1984 to 2000. Patients were divided into three groups based on the reasons for surgery. Group I comprised 13 patients whose lesions presented symptoms and dimensions that were the main indications for operation. Group II consisted of 28 patients diagnosed with malignant tumors or who displayed malignant growth that could not be ruled out preoperatively. Group III comprised 2 patients with tumors found incidentally at laparotomy for other malignancies. No surgical mortality related to hepatectomy was noted. Postoperative bile leak was found in 2 (morbidity rate: 4.7%). Patients were followed up from 6 months to 12 years. Thirteen residual tumors progressed in size. The clinical status or symptoms changed only slightly in 10 patients with recurrence. The results suggest that resection therapy is an effective indicator for patients with symptoms and a questionable diagnosis. Hepatic resection may and should be carried out with no mortality and minimal morbidity risks since the lesion is benign.     

Reconstruction of hepatic organoid by hepatic stem cells

Recent advances in culture methods, stem cell research, and tissue engineering provide clues for making tissues in vitro that are functionally and structurally similar to hepatic tissues. To reconstruct hepatic organoids, two approaches to establish the methods have been proposed: the use of cells and the combination of cells and a scaffold (called tissue engineering). Recently, the coculture of hepatic cells (mature hepatocytes, small hepatocytes, hepatoblasts) and hepatic nonparenchymal cells has been reported to form hepatic organoids that possess differentiated hepatic functions. On the other hand, hepatocytes in a roller bottle were shown to form specific structures, consisting of biliary epithelial cells, connective tissue, mature hepatocytes, and endothelial cells. In this review, the studies of hepatic tissue formation in vitro will be summarized.     

肝硬化时肝窦毛细血管化形成机制

目的:探讨肠源性内毒素血症在肝窦毛细血管化形成中的作用及其可能机制.方法:♂ Wistar大鼠40只,完全随机分为模型组(n=32)与正常对照组(n=8),采用复合因素致肝硬化大鼠模型.模型组分别在饲养第2,4,6,8周末,正常对照组在实验开始时,经肠系膜上静脉末端穿刺测PVP.肝脏HE、VG染色,肝脏免疫组织化学染色观察α-SMA、LN、TGF-β1的动态表达,测定外周血中的内毒素、TNF-α、ALT的动态变化,采用扫描电镜观察肝窦内皮细胞失窗孔情况.结果:模型组ALT在第2周末达到高峰(57.84±7.57IU/L),随后逐渐下降;内毒素在第2、4、6周末,各点呈递增趋势,到第8周末时略有下降;TNF-α在第2、4周末呈递增趋势,到第6周末时略有下降,第8周末时又逐渐升高,但各点组均较对照组明显升高(均P<0.05);模型组PVP在第2、4周末,各点呈递增趋势,到第6周末时略有下降,第8周末时又逐渐升高;肝窦内皮细胞扫描电镜结果示随着肝纤维化及硬化程度的加重,窗孔逐渐变小、变少至消失;LN、TGF-β1免疫组织化学染色结果示随着病变的发展,与对照组和同指标前一时间组相比阳性表达逐渐增强(均P<0.05).α-SMA免疫组织化学染色在第2、4、6周末,阳性表达逐渐增强,到第8周末时略有下降.结论:肝硬化大鼠发生了肠源性内毒素血症,其可使TGF-β1、TNF-α、LN等合成增多,促进肝窦内皮细胞去窗孔化,间接参与肝窦毛细血管化的形成.     

肝硬化腹水和肝性胸水的治疗

腹水和肝性胸水是肝硬化失代偿期的并发症,其产生主要是由于门脉压升高、激活交感神经系统、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统、血浆胶体渗透压降低等因素有关,肝性胸水还有膈肌破裂形成裂孔等有关。治疗上多采用利尿剂、排放腹腔积液、输注白蛋白、腹水浓缩静脉回输、外科手术,甚至肝移植等综合治疗措施。     

Hemodynamic changes in hepatic sinusoids of hepatic steatosis mice

BACKGROUND Fatty liver(FL) is now a worldwide disease. For decades, researchers have been kept trying to elucidate the mechanism of FL at the molecular level, but rarely involve the study of morphology and medical physics. Traditionally, it was believed that hemodynamic changes occur only when fibrosis occurs, but it has been proved that these changes already show in steatosis stage, which may help to reveal the pathogenesis and its progress. Because the pseudolobules are not formed during the steatosis stage, this phenomenon may be caused by the compression of the liver microcirculation and changes in the hemodynamics.AIM To understand the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and to study the hemodynamic changes associated with hepatic steatosis.METHODS Eight-week-old male C57 BL/6 mice were divided into three groups randomly(control group, 2-wk group, and 4-wk group), with 16 mice per group. A hepatic steatosis model was established by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride in mice. After establishing the model, liver tissue from mice was stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE), and oil red O stains. Blood was collected from the angular vein, and hemorheological parameters were estimated. A two-photon fluorescence microscope was used to examine the flow properties of red blood cells in the hepatic sinusoids.RESULTS Oil red O staining indicated lipid accumulation in the liver after CCl_4 treatment.HE staining indicated narrowing of the hepatic sinusoidal vessels. No significant difference was observed between the 2-wk and 4-wk groups of mice onmorphological examination. Hemorheological tests included whole blood viscosity(mPas, γ = 10 s-1/γ = 100 s-1)(8.83 ± 2.22/4.69 ± 1.16, 7.73 ± 2.46/4.22 ±1.32, and 8.06 ± 2.88/4.22 ± 1.50), red blood cell volume(%)(51.00 ± 4.00, 42.00 ±5.00, and 40.00 ± 3.00), the content of plasma fibrinase(g/L)(3.80 ± 0.50, 2.90 ±0.80, and 2.30 ± 0.70), erythrocyte deformation index(%)(44.49 ± 5.81, 48.00 ±15.29, and 44.36 ± 15.01), erythrocyte electrophoresis rate(mm/s per V/m)(0.55 ±0.11, 0.50 ± 0.11, and 0.60 ± 0.20), revealing pathological changes in plasma components and red blood cells of hepatic steatosis. Assessment of blood flow velocity in the hepatic sinusoids with a laser Doppler flowmeter(mL/min per100 g)(94.43 ± 14.64, 80.00 ± 12.12, and 67.26 ± 5.92) and two-photon laser scanning microscope(μm/s)(325.68 ± 112.66, 213.53 ± 65.33, and 173.26 ± 44.02)revealed that as the modeling time increased, the blood flow velocity in the hepatic sinusoids decreased gradually, and the diameter of the hepatic sinusoids became smaller(μm)(10.28 ± 1.40, 6.84 ± 0.93, and 5.82 ± 0.79).CONCLUSION The inner diameter of the hepatic sinusoids decreases along with the decrease in the blood flow velocity within the sinusoids and the changes in the systemic hemorheology.     

Anatomo-pathologic study of hepatic toxicity in intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy

Intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of colorectal or endocrine carcinomas liver metastasis. However it is potentially toxic for the healthy liver. To check this, we studied non tumoral liver specimens in 14 patients treated by intra-arterial chemotherapy with 5 fluorouracil, 5 fluoro-2 deoxyuridine and an association of 5 fluorouracil and streptozotocin. The main hepatic lesions observed were: sclerosing cholangitis, central vein (dilatation and fibrosis) and moderate hepatocellular necrosis or cholestasis in the centrolobular area. Thus intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy has important toxic effects on healthy liver, even if clinical and biological liver disturbances are minimal in most cases. Caution must be exercised in using this method.