两种碳酸饮料对烤瓷冠边缘微渗漏影响研究

目的　通过浸泡实验了解两种碳酸饮料对烤瓷冠边缘微渗漏的影响。方法　选取2017年7—8月于福建医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科门诊就诊的15例患者因正畸治疗需要拔除的前磨牙24颗。将拔除的前磨牙进行牙体预备,制作钴铬合金烤瓷冠,用树脂改性玻璃离子粘接剂粘固后随机均分为3组,分别为对照组、可乐组和雪碧组,每组8颗。对照组浸泡于人工唾液中,可乐组浸泡于可口可乐碳酸饮料中,雪碧组浸泡于雪碧碳酸饮料中,可乐组和雪碧组浸泡碳酸饮料的方法为每天3次,每次15 min,其余时间浸泡于人工唾液中。各组浸泡14 d后,用2%亚甲基蓝溶液浸泡染色,然后将其自颊舌向及近远中向顺牙体长轴剖开,体视显微镜下观察烤瓷冠边缘染料渗入情况,记录观测结果。结果　可乐组微渗漏程度大于雪碧组与对照组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。雪碧组微渗漏程度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论　各组经14 d浸泡后均发生微渗漏,可乐组的微渗漏程度大于雪碧组与对照组,提示可口可乐碳酸饮料对烤瓷冠边缘微渗漏有较强的影响。     

不同粘接剂对金属烤瓷冠边缘微渗漏影响的研究

目的 评价4种不同粘接剂在金属烤瓷冠修复中的微渗漏情况.方法 制作16个金属烤瓷冠,随机分成4组,分别采用玻璃离子黏固剂、树脂加强玻璃离子黏固剂、PanaviaF粘接剂和super-Bond C&B粘接剂黏固于前磨牙,经温度循环试验后,将样本浸入2%品红溶液中24 h,用体视显微镜观察牙-黏固剂界面边缘微渗漏状况,并进...     

金属烤瓷冠唇面全瓷颈缘制作方法和材料特性的比较研究

采用三种不同的金瓷冠唇面全瓷颈缘制取方法制作的瓷块标本，通过收缩率，致密度的测定比较，结果表明瓷体收缩率以瓷树脂技术最小，瓷蜡技术居中，直接提取技术最大；瓷体致密度以直接提取技术最大，瓷蜡技术居中，瓷树脂技术最小，提示瓷树旨技术用的材料存在收缩不全。     

金属烤瓷冠唇面全瓷颈缘边缘适合性研究

对三种唇面全瓷颈缘制取技术制作的金瓷冠的边缘浮出量进行了测量，分析比较三种冠边缘的适合性。结果表明，三种金瓷冠边缘的适合性均在临床可接受范围内，三者之间有统计学差异，以瓷树脂技术最佳，直接提取技术次之，瓷蜡技术最差。瓷树脂技术具有操作准确的优点。     

金属烤瓷唇面全瓷颈缘边缘适合性研究

对三种唇面全瓷颈缘制取技术制作的金瓷冠的边缘浮出量进行了测量，分析比较三种冠边缘的适合性。结果表明，三种金瓷冠边缘的适合性均在临床可接受范围内，三者之间有统计学差异，以瓷树脂技术最佳，直接提取技术次之，瓷蜡技术最差。瓷树脂技术具有操作准确的优点。     

应用扫描电镜对金属烤瓷冠不同粘接剂边缘微渗漏的比较研究

目的:评价不同粘接剂粘固金属烤瓷冠的边缘微渗漏情况,为临床选择粘接剂提供实验依据.方法:选取传统的玻璃离子粘接剂、树脂加强型玻璃离子粘接剂、Panavia F粘接剂和Super-Bond C&B粘接剂4种材料,应用于离体牙金属烤瓷冠的粘接,用扫描电镜测量粘接剂与牙组织面间微缝隙的缝隙宽度.数据处理用SPSS 11.5软...     

3种黏接剂的微渗漏比较

目的采用冷热循环后染色的方法,比较贵金属、树脂两种不同嵌体材料使用树脂黏接剂、玻璃离子水门汀、磷酸锌水门汀3种不同黏接材料的微渗漏。方法在前磨牙上分别制作贵金属、树脂嵌体各30件;分别用3种不同黏接材料与相应牙体窝洞黏固。将所有试件冷热循环后品红染色,沿嵌体长轴剖开,观测染料渗漏的情况。并测量修复体和牙体边缘的距离。结果各嵌体组都发生了明显的微渗漏。每组的染色都达到了窝洞底并且累及牙本质,龈缘的染色比牙合面深,而树脂黏接剂相对玻璃离子水门汀和磷酸锌水门汀染色浅。结论3种黏接剂经过4000次冷热循环以后边缘都发生了渗漏。染色显示渗漏发生在龈缘的量比牙合面的量大,而其与边缘的宽度未显示明显的关联。     

烤瓷冠颈缘密合度和位置对牙周健康的影响

目的探讨烤瓷冠颈缘密合度和位置对冠桥基牙牙周组织健康的影响。方法收集已接受烤瓷冠桥修复的患者46例,共63颗基牙,按冠颈缘处是否卡探针分为颈缘密合组和颈缘不密合组,又按冠颈缘位置分为龈上组、齐龈组和龈下组。检查各基牙的菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数及探针深度,并进行统计学分析。结果颈缘不密合组烤瓷冠基牙的龈沟出血指数高于颈缘密合组(P<0.05),龈下组高于龈上组和齐龈组(P<0.05)。结论为了基牙牙周组织健康,烤瓷冠的颈缘应尽可能密合,且边缘不宜做在龈下。     

对金属烤瓷冠失败病例的讨论

9年来,在为1074例患者制作的1580件金属烤瓷冠修复体中,因瓷裂或瓷崩、冠脱落、牙折断等而致修复失败的共25例,失败率为1.6％。本文系对失败的原因进行分析和讨论,以提供临床参考。     

金属烤瓷冠修复体对牙龈健康的影响因素

金属烤瓷冠是临床上最基本和常见的一种修复方法,冠修复体周围牙龈组织的健康状况是判断其最终修复效果的关键所在.在临床上,烤瓷冠修复治疗的过程中,与牙龈健康关系密切的主要因素包括金属烤瓷冠所使用的材料、冠边缘的形态和宽度、冠缘线的位置、烤瓷冠颈缘的适合性、烤瓷冠的外形和邻接以及烤瓷冠表面及冠牙体衔接部的粗糙程度等等,本文就这些主要影响因素进行综述.     

An In Vitro Evaluation of the Microleakage under Complete Metal Crowns Using Three Adhesive Luting Cements

Despite the material advancements and precise laboratory techniques, cement lines are inevitable in fixed prosthodontics which leads to increased dependence on the integrity of the cement to maintain the marginal seal. The material class of luting agent is known to influence microleakage. Studies of cement dissolution and disintegration have produced varying results. Hence, this study was done to evaluate marginal leakage under complete metal crowns using three adhesive cements, two resin cements (one self cure, one dual cure) and a glass ionomer cement. Metal crowns were prepared on sixty intact extracted premolars and were randomly divided into three groups of twenty each, with each group using a different cement for luting. All the samples were then subjected to thermocycling and were sectioned using a diamond saw. Reflected Binocular Stereomicroscope at 100× magnification was used to study the extent of microleakage at both metal cement (MC) and tooth cement (TC) interface, at two opposite margins of each sectioned specimen. Data was analyzed with a one way analysis of variance. For comparison among the groups multiple comparison Bonferroni test was done. Within group data was analysed with independent student t test. Between three groups, metal crowns cemented with multilink cement showed significantly less microleakage at both the interfaces. Glass ionomer cement recorded maximum combined microleakage amongst three cements irrespective of the interfaces. Within group, glass ionomer and multilink cement showed more microleakage at MC interfaces than at TC interface. A complex interaction between variables related to dental restoration, luting agent and tooth structure probably influence microleakage. In vitro studies must always be followed by in vivo studies before definite conclusion can be drawn.     

烤瓷冠全瓷边缘适合性的实验研究

目的研究金属烤瓷冠的全瓷边缘与金属边缘的边缘适合性的差异。方法选取正畸拔除的第一前磨牙64颗,按全冠修复要求备牙、印模,随机分2组,每组32颗。第一组制作金属边缘,第二组制作全瓷边缘,在轮廓仪下测量边缘间隙,数据进行统计学处理。结果全瓷边缘间隙的平均值为(27.93±15.84)μm,金属边缘间隙的平均值为(42.23±34.12)μm,2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论全瓷边缘的边缘适合性明显优于金属边缘。     

A Study on Provisional Cements,Cementation Techniques,and Their Effects on Bonding of Porcelain Laminate Veneers

Minimal tooth preparation is required for porcelain laminate veneers, but interim restorations are a must to protect their teeth against thermal insult, chemical irritation, and to provide aesthetics. Cement remaining after the removal of the provisional restoration can impair the etching quality of the tooth surface and fit and final bonding of the porcelain laminate veneer. This in vitro study examined the tooth surface for remaining debris of cement after removal of a provisional restoration. Determine the presence of cement debris on prepared tooth surface subsequent to the removal of provisional restoration. Determine the cement with the least residue following the cleansing procedures. Determine the effect of smear layer on the amount of residual luting cement. Eighty-four extracted natural anterior teeth were prepared for porcelain laminate veneers. For half of the teeth, the smear layer was removed before luting provisional restorations. Veneer provisional restorations were fabricated and luted to teeth with six bonding methods: varnish combined with glass ionomer cement (GIC), varnish combined with resin modified GIC, varnish, spot etching combined with dual-cure luting cement, adhesive combined with GIC, adhesive combined with resin modified GIC, and adhesive, spot etching combined with dual-cure luting cement. After removal of provisional restorations 1 week later, the tooth surface was examined for residual luting material with SEM. Traces of cement debris were found on all the prepared teeth surfaces for all six groups which were cemented with different methods. Cement debris was seen on teeth subsequent to the removal of provisional’s. Dual-cure cement had the least residue following the cleansing procedures. Presence of smear layer had no statistical significance in comparison with cement residue. With the use of adhesive the cement debris was always found to be more than with the use of varnish. GIC showed maximum residual cement followed by dual-cure.     

不同金瓷面积比对瓷修补树脂粘结强度的影响

目的:比较树脂与不同比例金属暴露的瓷面的粘结剪切强度.方法:按常规烤瓷方法分别制作总面积8 mm×8 mm,金瓷比例分别为1:3(组1),1:1(组2),3:1(组3),8:0(组4,作为对照)的试样各10个,瓷厚度为1 mm,金瓷结合处为钝角,以避免内应力的产生,将各组试样表面按照瓷修补套装的产品说明书处理各试样的1/2的面积,粘结8 mm×4 mm×2 mm的树脂材料.用Instron力学测试仪,进行剪切强度测试.结果:组1,组2的剪切强度显著性高于组3,组4.结论:使用Ultradent修补套装对部分金属暴露的崩瓷进行修补时,金瓷面积比<1时的粘结力明显较大,修补效果较好.     

三种金属烤瓷冠对基牙牙周组织影响的定量研究

目的研究3种金属烤瓷冠对基牙龈沟液（gingival crevicular fluid,GCF）量、GCF中天冬氨酸转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）和碱性磷酸酶（alkalinephosphatase,ALP）水平的影响。方法磨牙行烤瓷单冠修复的患者90例,分成3组,分别行镍铬合金、钴铬合金、金合金烤瓷冠修复,于修复前及修复后1周、1个月、6个月检测基牙GCF量、GCF中AST和ALP活性水平。结果3组修复前GCF量、龈沟液AST活性、龈沟液ALP活性的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。镍铬合金组修复后1周、1个月和6个月的GCF量（t=2.738、t=2.694、t=2.501,P〈0.05）、龈沟液AST活性（t=2.537、t=2.463、t=2.389,P〈0.05）、龈沟液ALP活性（t=2.359、t=2.278、t=2.046,P〈0.05）较修复前均增加。钴铬合金组修复后6个月,GCF量（t=0.791）、龈沟液AST活性（t=1.380）、龈沟液ALP活性（t=1.195）与修复前的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。金合金组修复后1个月,GCF量（t=0.759）、龈沟液AST活性（t=1.431）、龈沟液ALP活性（t=1.106）同修复前的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论金合金是理想的金属烤瓷冠材料,钴铬合金烤瓷冠对牙周健康影响较小。     

下颌磨牙根管锥度对垂直加压充填技术根尖封闭性的影响

目的：研究在下颌磨牙不同锥度的根管中,垂直加压充填技术根尖封闭性与根管充填质量的差异。方法：选取30颗近中根为单根的下颌磨牙,其根管有两个独立的根管口与根尖孔,截去牙冠及远中根后将近中两根管分别预备为0.06与0.10锥度,采用垂直加压充填技术进行充填。运用染色透明法观察根管封闭效果及根管充填质量。结果：0.06锥度根管微渗漏平均为（1.20±0.70）mm,0.10锥度根管微渗漏平均为（0.43±0.29）mm（P〈0.01）。0.06锥度根管组超充8例,0.10锥度根管组超充1例（P〈0.05）。结论：在下颌磨牙采用垂直加压技术时0.10锥度根管能得到更好的充填效果。     

Invivo Comparative Evaluation of Tertiary Dentin Deposit to Three Different Luting Cements a Histopathological Study

The aim of the study is to evaluate histopathologically the amount of tertiary dentin deposit stimulated by three different luting cements. With the informed consent for fifteen patients crown preparation was done for maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth which were scheduled for orthodontic extraction. Copings were cemented with three different luting cements zinc oxide eugenol, glass ionomer and zinc polycarboxylate which were classified as Groups A, B and C respectively. The teeth were later extracted and histopathologically analysed for pulpodentinal reactions using a control study group. Statistically Tukey-HSD procedure was used to identify the significant group and one way ANNOVA was used to analyse the thickness of tertiary dentin among the study group. Tertiary dentin was seen in most of the specimens. When the three groups were compared zinc oxide eugenol helps in stimulation of tertiary dentin formation.     

Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strengths of Different Core Materials with Various Luting Agents Used for Cast Crown Restorations

The coronal cast restoration continues to be used commonly to restore mutilated, endodontically treated teeth. The tensile bond strength of luting cements is of critical importance as many of failures are at the core and the crown interface. An invitro study with aim to evaluate and compare bond strengths of luting cements between different core materials and cast crowns. A total of 45 extracted identical mandibular second premolars were endodontically treated and divided into 3 groups of 15 each. Specimens in first group were restored with cast post and core (Group C), and specimens in second group were restored with stainless steel parapost and composite core material (Group B) and specimens in third group were restored with stainless steel parapost and glass ionomer core build (Group G). Standardized crown preparation was done for all the specimens to receive cast crowns. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups and were cemented using 3 different luting cements namely, resin cement, polycarboxylate cement, glass ionomer cement (Type I). The samples of each subgroup (n = 5) were subjected to tensile testing using Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min till the dislodgement of crown from the core surface was observed. The bond strengths were significantly different according one way ANOVA (F-150.76 and p < 0.0000). The results of the study showed that the specimens cemented with resin cement in cast core, composite core and glass ionomer core exhibited significantly higher bond strengths as compared to specimens cemented with glass ionomer and polycarboxylate cement. Composite resin core and resin cement combinations were superior to all other cement and core combinations tested.     

不同牙面处理技术对窝沟封闭边缘密合性的影响

目的：以离体牙为研究对象,运用扫描电镜和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察不同牙面预备技术对窝沟封闭后边缘密合性的影响,为临床选择适宜的牙面预备技术提供实验依据。方法：60颗离体第三磨牙随机分为3组,每组20颗：A组,传统杯刷清洁（CST）;B组,窝沟釉质成形术（EST）;C组,非创伤性充填（ART）;牙面处理后分别涂布窝沟封闭材料。将实验标本浸于罗丹明B溶液染色后采用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察标本微渗漏深度;采用扫描电镜观察封闭剂与牙釉质结合处的超微结构。结果：EST组所产生的微渗漏深度最低,其次是ART组,对照组所产生的微渗漏深度最高。扫描电镜下,EST组中窝沟封闭剂与牙釉质之间渗透性好,ART组和对照组中窝沟封闭剂与牙釉质之间渗透性较好。结论：研究表明不同牙面处理技术对窝沟封闭边缘密合性的影响有显著性差异。ART技术与CST技术相似,封闭剂与牙釉质的边缘密合性较好,为ART技术应用于窝沟封闭提供了有力的证据。