高效液相色谱法测定复方亚油酸乙酯胶丸中橙皮苷的含量

目的建立复方亚油酸乙酯胶丸中橙皮苷的含量测定方法。方法液相色谱法。色谱柱:Kromasil C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-0.5%冰醋酸溶液(40∶60);流速1.0mL.min-1;柱温:40℃;检测波长:283nm。结果橙皮苷在0.07505～0.3752μg范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9997,n=5),平均加样回收率为99.16%,RSD为1.7%(n=6)。结论该方法操作简便,结果可靠,可用于复方亚油酸乙酯胶丸中橙皮苷的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定复方亚油酸乙酯胶丸中维生素C和烟酸含量

目的 建立测定复方亚油酸乙酯胶丸中维生素C和烟酸含量的高效液相色谱法.方法 色谱柱为Waters Fire C18柱(250mm ×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-0.004 mol/L庚烷磺酸钠溶液-冰醋酸(10:90:0.05),流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长254 nm.结果 维生素C质量浓度在12.09～241.8 μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 8,n=6),平均加样回收率为98.89%,RSD为1.09%(n=9);烟酸质量浓度在12.57～251.4 μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=1.000 0,n=6),平均加样回收率为98.17%,RSD为1.06%(n=9).结论 该方法简便快速,结果准确,可作为该产品质量控制方法.     

高效液相色谱法测定复方三维亚油酸胶丸Ⅰ中维生素E含量

目的建立复方三维亚油酸胶丸Ⅰ中维生素E的定量测定方法。方法色谱柱为Sunfire C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(95∶5);流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长284 nm,柱温30℃。结果维生素E质量浓度在0.258 5~5.170 3 g/L浓围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为96.36%,RSD为1.84%(n=9)。结论经方法学考察,该方法符合定量检测要求,可作为该制剂中维生素E的质量控制方法。     

复方维生素E霜中熊果苷和维生素E的含量测定

目的建立复方维生素E霜中熊果苷和维生素E的含量测定方法。方法熊果苷的含量测定采用正相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Machedey-NagelSi柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为正己烷-醋酸乙酯-甲醇（30∶10∶9）,检测波长285nm,流速1.2mL/min,柱温35℃,进样量10μL。维生素E的含量测定采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为C18柱（150mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇,检测波长285nm,流速1.5mL/min,柱温35℃,进样量10μL。结果熊果苷质量浓度在14.78～25.48μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.9998）,平均加样回收率为100.50%,RSD=2.06%（n=9）;维生素E质量浓度在14.42～26.78μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.9997）,平均加样回收率为97.21%,RSD=2.64%（n=9）。结论所用含量测定方法操作简便快速,结果准确可靠,可用于复方维生素E霜的质量控制。     

RP—HPLC法同时测定复方明目胶囊中绿原酸和秦皮甲素的含量

目的:建立复方明目胶囊中绿原酸和秦皮甲素含量的测定方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,ZORBAX～C_(18)(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(用三乙胺调节 pH=4.5)(8:92)为流动相,检测波长327 nm,流速0.8 mL·min~(-1),柱温25%。结果:绿原酸在1.0～6.0μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,r=0.9993,绿原酸平均加样回收率为100.2%,RSD 为0.9%(n=5);秦皮甲素在1.60～12.32μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,r=0.9996,秦皮甲素平均加样回收率为97.3%,RSD 为1.2%(n=5)。结论:本方法可靠性高,准确性和重复性好,适用于复方明目胶囊中绿原酸和秦皮甲素的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方虫草胶囊中没食子酸的含量

目的:建立测定复方虫草胶囊中没食子酸含量的方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为ODS C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长为270 nm,柱温:室温。结果:没食子酸在4.16～24.96μg浓度范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,平均回收率为101.75%,RSD为0.53%(n=5)。结论:方法简便,结果准确,可用于复方虫草胶囊的质量控制。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定复方地薄铝搽剂中醋酸地塞米松的含量

目的建立测定复方地薄铝搽剂中醋酸地塞米松含量的反相高效液相色谱法。方法固定相:L ichrospher C18-20 cm色谱柱;流动相:甲醇-水(70∶30);流速:1.0 mL.m in-1;检测波长:240 nm;进样量:10μL。结果线性关系良好,醋酸地塞米松的加样回收率为100.88%,RSD为1.58%。结论该方法简便快速,分离度好,结果稳定,可用于复方地薄铝搽剂的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定复方羊角片中阿魏酸的含量

目的测定复方羊角片中阿魏酸的含量.方法采用高效液相色谱法.色谱柱为Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6×250mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1%醋酸溶液(30∶70)为流动相;流速:1.0mL·min-1,检测波长321nm.结果阿魏酸的进样量在0.08~0.28μg范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均加样回收率为100.3%,RSD为1.71%(n=6).结论方法简便、准确,可用于复方羊角片中阿魏酸的含量测定.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定胃舒颗粒中橙皮苷的含量

目的 :建立以反相高效液相色谱法测定胃舒颗粒中橙皮苷含量的方法。方法 :色谱柱为SymmetryC18 柱 ;流动相为乙腈 -水(19.5∶80.5) ,水中含磷酸 (体积比为800∶0.1) ;检测波长为284nm。结果 :橙皮苷进样量在0 0228μg～0 1596μg范围内线性关系良好 (r=0.9996) ,平均加样回收率为97.2 % (RSD=1.1 % ,n=6)。结论 :本方法简便、准确 ,可用于控制胃舒颗粒的质量。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方维生素胶囊中维生素B_(12)的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱法测定复方维生素胶囊中维生素B12含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为HypersilODS,流动相为甲醇-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(22∶78,pH=6.4),流速为1.0ml/min,检测波长为360nm,柱温为室温,进样量为20μl。结果:维生素B12进样量在10.20μg～204.00μg范围内与峰面积积分值线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.7%(RSD=1.18%)。结论:本方法简便、快速、准确,不受维生素B6、叶酸等成分的干扰,可用于测定复方维生素胶囊中维生素B12的含量。     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of gaultherin and its analogs

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed.     

Modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty in toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics

Two important methodological issues within the framework of the variability and uncertainty analysis of toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic systems are discussed: (i) modelling and simulation of the existing physiologic variability in a population; and (ii) modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty when there is insufficient or not well defined (e.g. small sample, semiquantitative, qualitative and vague) information available. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are especially suited for separating and characterising the physiologic variability from the overall variability and uncertainty in the system. Monte Carlo sampling should draw from multivariate distributions, which reflect all levels of existing dependencies in the intact organism. The population characteristics should be taken into account. A fuzzy simulation approach is proposed to model variability and uncertainty when there is semiquantitative, qualitative and vague information about the model parameters and their statistical distributions cannot be defined reliably.     

成骨细胞的功能与损伤和骨质疏松的防治

骨质疏松是一种全身性骨骼疾病,导致骨折风险增加。成人的骨量通过破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞的骨形成作用来维持动态平衡,治疗骨质疏松症的理想策略是抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收和/或增强成骨细胞的骨形成功能。目前针对保护成骨细胞及增强其功能的骨质疏松疗法相对较少。因此,本文针对成骨细胞相关功能蛋白、各种细胞损伤机制（内质网应激、氧化应激、机械过载、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA的影响等）及骨质疏松的治疗与预防作一综述,以期为针对增强成骨细胞功能的骨质疏松治疗策略提供新思路。     

益生菌与肿瘤防治

益生菌广泛存在于自然界中,通过维持宿主体内菌群平衡、影响肠屏障功能和调节免疫应答等作用,提高宿主健康水平,被公认为"肠道健康卫士".一些益生菌可以增强机体的免疫功能,抑制致癌物质,影响肿瘤细胞的基因表达,对肿瘤具有拮抗作用.大量研究表明,益生菌在未来的肿瘤防治中有很好的应用和发展前景.     

Self-stimulation and amphetamine: Tolerance to d and l isomers and cross tolerance to cocaine and methylphenidate

The effects of the d and l isomers of amphetamine on self-stimulation responding were tested following acute and chronic administration. Tolerance and post-drug depression of responding occurred in tests with both isomers, indicating no role for p-hydroxynorephedrine (PHN) which is one of the metabolites of d-amphetamine. In the second experiment, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine all produced quantitatively and qualitatively similar effects on self-stimulation responding following acute administration. Following chronic administration of d-amphetamine, animals showed tolerance to all three drugs, indicating cross-tolerance among them. These data are consistent with an hypothesis that tolerance and post-drug depression following chronic amphetamine treatment are the result of decreases in postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, which would lead to a decreased effectiveness of all three drugs, regardless of their pre-synaptic mechanisms.     

Acamprosate and naltrexone treatment effects on ethanol and sucrose seeking and intake in ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats

Rationale  Two pharmacotherapies are approved for treating alcohol craving (acamprosate and naltrexone), but both have shown mixed findings in animals and humans. Objectives  The present experiments utilized a “reinforcer blocking” approach (i.e., rats were able to consume ethanol during treatment) to better understand the efficacy of these treatments for ethanol seeking and drinking using ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats. Materials and methods  In “nondependent” experiments, drugs (acamprosate 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; naltrexone 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) were administered over 3-week periods prior to operant sessions with a low response requirement to gain access to reinforcers for 20 min. For “dependent” experiments, rats were made dependent in vapor/inhalation chambers. Results  Acamprosate and naltrexone had similar effects on intake in nondependent and dependent rats; neither drug was selective for ethanol over sucrose drinking. In nondependent animals, naltrexone was more efficacious at more doses than acamprosate, and acamprosate’s effects were limited to a dose that also had adverse effects on body weight. Both pharmacotherapies showed more selectivity when examining reinforcer seeking. In nondependent rats, acamprosate and naltrexone had response-attenuating effects in ethanol, but not sucrose, groups. In dependent animals, acamprosate had selective effects limited to a decrease in sucrose seeking. Naltrexone, however, selectively decreased ethanol-seeking in nondependent rats. Conclusions  The naltrexone-induced decreases in seeking suggested a change in incentive motivation which was selective for ethanol in nondependent rats. The “nondependent” paradigm may model early stages of “problem drinking” in humans, and the findings suggest that naltrexone could be a good intervention for this level of alcohol abuse and relapse prevention.     

Antiinfective and encrustation-inhibiting materials--myth and facts

Catheters, urethral and ureteral stents and other urological implants are frequently affected by encrustration and infection due to their permanent contact with urine. Indwelling urinary catheters provide a haven for microorganisms and thus require extensive monitoring. Several surface modification techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of devices including the immobilization of biomolecules, the incorporation of hydrophilic grafts to reduce protein adsorption, the creation of hydrophobic surfaces, the creation of microdomains to regulate cellular and protein adhesion, new polymers and antimicrobial coatings. Physico-chemical explanation to elucidate the mechanism of such encrustation or infection inhibiting materials is still not available. Our series of experiments showed a marked decrease of silver-activity in biological fluids which corresponds with the controversial clinical results obtained with silver coated urinary catheters. Rifampicin/minocycline coated catheters had very low activity against Gram-negative rods, enterococci and Candida spp., the main causing organisms of urinary catheter infection. Surface engineered materials and antimicrobial drug delivery systems will be the next generation of sophisticated urinary catheters and stents, if both efficacy as well as efficiency has been proved clinically.     

Alprazolam and lorazepam single and multiple-dose effects on psychomotor skills and sleep

Summary The effects of alprazolam 0.5 mg and lorazepam 2 mg on cognitive and psychomotor skills were assessed in twelve normal volunteer subjects in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Single and multiple dose effects were monitored using a battery of tests comprising critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT), choice reaction time (CRT), simulated car tracking, and subjective ratings of perceived sedation (LARS) and of sleep behaviour (LSEQ). Compared with placebo baseline scores, treatment with lorazepam 2 mg (both single and multiple doses) resulted in a widespread impairment of CRT, tracking accuracy, and CFFT. Single doses of alprazolam 0.5 mg reduced CFFT with respect to the placebo baseline. Single and multiple dose treatment with both drugs resulted in subjective reports of sedation, a reduction of sleep onset latency, and improved sleep quality. Only lorazepam 2 mg significantly disrupted the integrity of behaviour on waking from sleep. These results suggest important pharmacodynamic differences between the two drugs in the doses used.