女性盆腔器官膨出疾病全盆底修复重建术的手术配合

目的:探讨女性盆腔器官膨出疾病全盆底修复重建术的手术配合方法.方法:对25例盆腔器官膨出患者手术治疗的护理配合进行回顾性总结.结果:25例患者平均手术时间50 min;术中平均出血量20～50 ml.术后无并发症发生.结论:手术室护士不但要熟悉疾病的特点,还要具备娴熟的护理技术,从而提高手术配合质量,减少手术并发症的发生.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvic organ prolapse

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pelvic organ prolapse is technically feasible and has several advantages when compared with fluoroscopic cystoproctography. Organ descent and the supportive structures of the pelvic floor can be assessed with MRI. The role of MRI in evaluating patients with pelvic floor dysfunction is evolving, and there have been many developments in the past few years. The current status of MRI of pelvic organ prolapse is reviewed.     

盆腔器官活动度和肛提肌裂孔面积用于诊断盆腔器官脱垂

目的 观察盆腔器官活动度和肛提肌裂孔面积诊断盆腔器官脱垂(POP)的价值。方法 收集疑诊盆底肌功能障碍的343例女性患者,根据POP定量系统(POP-Q)将其分为POP组(n=247)及对照组(n=96);记录其静息态至最大瓦尔萨尔瓦动作时的膀胱颈移动度(BNM)、宫颈移动度(CM)、直肠壶腹移动度(RAM)及最大瓦尔萨尔瓦动作下肛提肌裂孔面积(vHA);比较组间上述指标差异,评价其诊断POP的价值。结果 POP组前腔BNM、中腔BNM和CM、后腔RAM与对照组各指标差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);其中,POP组中腔CM与对照组的差异较组间BNM差异更为显著(P=0.001 vs. P=0.01)。以BNM诊断前腔POP、以CM诊断中腔POP、以RAM诊断后腔POP的敏感度分别为85.60%、78.10%、88.60%,以vHA诊断前、中及后腔POP的敏感度分别为79.10%、85.60%及75.60%;以BNM+vHA诊断前腔POP的敏感度为94.96%,以CM+vHA诊断中腔POP的敏感度为97.10%,以RAM+vHA诊断后腔POP的敏感度为95.60%。结论 盆腔器官活动度联合肛提肌裂孔面积有助于诊断POP。     

经会阴盆底超声与盆腔器官脱垂定量检查(POP-Q)评估女性盆腔器官脱垂的一致性

目的 观察经会阴盆底超声(TPFUS)与盆腔器官脱垂定量检查(POP-Q)评估盆腔器官脱垂(POP)的一致性.方法 回顾性分析262例接受TPFUS和POP-Q评估的POP患者,观察TPFUS前盆腔测值U、中盆腔测值Cx和后盆腔测值R与POP-Q的Ba、C和Bp测值的相关性,以Kappa值评估2种方法诊断结果的一致性....     

赖氨酰氧化酶与盆腔器官脱垂的研究

盆腔器官脱垂(POP)是常见的妇产科疾病,但其发病机制尚不明确。目前研究表明,POP的发生与盆底结缔组织结构及功能完整性被破坏有关,而盆底结缔组织细胞外基质(ECM)的主要成分是弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白,弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白的含量和结构的改变可引起组织弹性降低,盆底结构松弛。赖氨酰氧化酶(LOX)能催化弹性纤维的聚合形成共价交联,增加细胞外基质的稳定性,故推测LOX表达的改变在POP的发生、发展中可能起一定作用。     

不同术式治疗盆腔脏器脱垂患者的临床疗效

目的分析影响盆腔脏器脱垂患者术后恢复的因素,为指导盆腔脏器脱垂患者的临床治疗提供依据。方法回顾性分析326例接受盆腔脏器脱垂手术患者的临床资料,比较阴道半封闭术、腹腔镜下阴道残端悬吊术、腹腔镜下保留子宫的前路子宫悬吊术、曼彻斯特手术、腹腔镜辅助经阴道子宫悬吊术、经阴道子宫全切术+自体韧带悬吊术的临床疗效,分析影响患者术后恢复的因素。结果采用腹腔镜下保留子宫的前路子宫悬吊术手术时间[(94.34±27.95)min]少于腹腔镜下阴道残端悬吊术[(155.22±46.41)min](t=6.476,P=0.000),高于阴道半封闭术[(58.38±26.25)min],差异有统计学意义(t=5.128,P=0.005)。在术中出血量方面,腹腔镜下保留子宫的前路子宫悬吊术组(43.13±37.01)m L少于其他组别,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。在术后住院天数方面,腹腔镜下保留子宫的前路子宫悬吊术组(4.42±2.29)d少于腹腔镜下阴道残端悬吊术组(5.46±1.12)d(t=5.191,P=0.000)和曼彻斯特手术(6.50±1.30)d(t=9.370,P=0.000),差异有统计学意义。结论腹腔镜下保留子宫的前路子宫悬吊术在手术时间、术中出血量和术后住院天数等方面优于其他手术方式。     

盆底超声测量提肌板角度评估产后盆腔器官脱垂北大核心CSCD

目的观察盆底超声测量提肌板角度(LPA)评估产后盆腔器官脱垂(POP)的价值。方法87名产后女性接受盆底超声检查,根据存在POP与否将其分为POP组(n=49)和正常组(n=38),分别测量静息状态(LPA_(静息))、最大缩肛动作(LPA_(缩肛))及最大瓦尔萨尔瓦动作下(LPA_(瓦))的LPA,计算最大缩肛动作(△LPA_(缩肛))和最大瓦尔萨尔瓦动作下LPA变化值(△LPA_(瓦));比较2组LPA参数差异,并观察其与POP的相关性。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),评价各LPA参数诊断POP的效能。结果POP组LPA_(瓦)小于正常组(U=330.00,P<0.001)、△LPA_(瓦)大于正常组(t=-4.357,P<0.001),而LPA_(静息)、LPA_(缩肛)及△LPA_(缩肛)差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。POP严重程度与LPA_(瓦)呈中度负相关(r=-0.570,P<0.001),与△LPA_(瓦)呈低度正相关(r=0.475,P<0.001),而与LPA_(静息)(r=-0.130,P=0.231)、LPA_(缩肛)(r=-0.036,P=0.741)和△LPA_(缩肛)(r=-0.029,P=0.793)均无明显相关。以LPA_(瓦)=2.70°为截断值,其诊断POP的敏感度可达81.63%,特异度达83.67%;以△LPA_(瓦)=21.10°为截断值,其诊断POP的敏感度为67.35%,特异度为81.57%(Z=1.832,P=0.067)。结论采用盆底超声测量LPA可诊断产后POP,以LPA_(瓦)和△LPA_(瓦)的诊断效能最佳。     

2例子宫脱垂伴阴道前后壁脱出全盆底重建术的围手术期护理

目的探讨全盆底重建手术的围手术期护理措施。方法对2例子宫脱垂伴阴道前后壁脱出患者施行各种全盆底重建术的护理措施,包括术前、术后身心护理及出院指导。结果经术后随访,2例患者均治愈,术后随访1~2月无复发。结论全盆底重建手术的围手术期护理重点是术前准备、安全护理,术后的病情观察、排便排尿护理、并发症的预防护理及出院后的健康指导。     

经阴道Prolift全盆底悬吊术治疗盆腔器官脱垂11例效果分析

目的:总结本院近3年来使用经阴道Prolift全盆底悬吊术治疗盆腔器官脱垂的经验.方法:对2007年5月至2009年12月11例盆腔器官脱垂患者施行全盆底重建术的效果和并发症情况进行总结分析.结果:手术成功率100%,随访2个月～3年,100%症状缓解,1例(0.9%)出现性生活满意度较前下降,1例(0.9%)出现局部感染并抗炎治疗,无一例损伤膀胱、直肠,无一例出现网片侵蚀.结论:经阴道Prolift全盆底悬吊术可用于纠正盆腔器官脱垂,安全可行,但作为一种新方法,其长期疗效有待进一步随访观察.     

Ultrasound assessment of pelvic organ prolapse: the relationship between prolapse severity and symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: At present little information is available to help define whether a certain degree of pelvic organ prolapse is clinically relevant. We performed a retrospective study to define cut-offs for significant pelvic organ descent on the basis of prolapse symptoms. METHODS: At a tertiary urogynecological center, 735 women with symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction and prolapse were seen for interview, clinical examination, multi-channel urodynamics and ultrasound imaging, while supine and after voiding, for prolapse quantification. Women with multi-compartment prolapse, i.e. those in whom no compartment was clearly dominant were excluded. Receiver-operator statistics were used to test pelvic organ descent as a predictor of prolapse symptoms. RESULTS: Mean age was 55.1 years, mean parity 2.8 (range, 0-12). Symptoms of prolapse were reported by 188 women (25.6%). Seventy-four showed a symptomatic multi-compartment prolapse and were excluded, 56 symptomatic women had cystoceles and 48 had rectoceles. Symptomatic cystoceles descended on average to 23.8 mm below the symphysis pubis and symptomatic rectoceles to 21.4 mm below the symphysis pubis. Descent was strongly associated with symptoms of prolapse (both, P < 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) statistics suggested a cut-off of 10 mm below the symphysis pubis for cystocele, and 15 mm below the symphysis pubis for rectocele. ROC curves were similar for both compartments (area under the curve, 0.857 and 0.821, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Descent of the bladder to > or = 10 mm and of the rectum to > or = 15 mm below the symphysis pubis are strongly associated with symptoms, and these values are proposed as cut-offs for the diagnosis of significant prolapse on the basis of ROC statistics.     

Pelvic-floor muscle function in women with pelvic organ prolapse

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether pelvic organ prolapse severity, pelvic symptoms, quality of life, and sexual function differ based on pelvic-floor muscle function in women planning to have prolapse surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three hundred seventeen women without urinary stress incontinence who were enrolled in a multicenter surgical trial were examined to determine pelvic-floor muscle function (by Brink scale score). The subjects were 61.6+/-10.2 (X+/-SD) years of age. Thirteen percent of the subjects had stage II (to the hymen) pelvic organ prolapse, 68% had stage III (beyond the hymen) prolapse, and 19% had stage IV (complete vaginal eversion) prolapse. Subjects with lowest (3-6) and highest (10-12) Brink scale scores were compared on prolapse severity, pelvic symptoms and bother, quality of life, and sexual function. RESULTS: Subjects with the highest Brink scores (n=75) had less advanced prolapse, smaller genital hiatus measurements, and less urinary symptom burden compared with those with the lowest Brink scores (n=56). The results indicated that pelvic-floor muscle function was not associated with condition-specific quality of life or sexual function. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although modestly clinically significant, better pelvic-floor muscle function was associated with less severe prolapse and urinary symptoms.     

前盆底重建术在治疗女性盆腔器官脱垂中的应用

目的探讨前盆底重建术在女性盆腔器官脱垂中的临床疗效。方法对85例本院收治的盆腔器官脱垂Ⅱ~Ⅳ期的患者行前盆底重建术。分析术后患者恢复情况、临床疗效及并发症,随访其复发率及生活满意度。结果患者手术时间为(90.2±5.6)min,术中出血(120.2±20.5)mL,术后平均住院时间7.1 d,85例患者手术均获得成功。患者术后主观评分明显高于术前,无复发患者。术后出现血肿3例,会阴疼痛4例,补片侵蚀6例,经积极治疗后均缓解。结论前盆底重建术可有效治疗前盆腔脏器脱垂,远期疗效待进一步探讨。     

"桥"式修补术在中老年妇女盆腔脏器脱垂中的临床应用分析

目的:探讨"桥"式修补术在治疗中老年妇女盆腔脏器脱垂中的临床疗效.方法:采用回顾性分析我院2005年1月至2009年6月盆腔脏器脱垂患者136例,其中行阴道前壁和(或)后壁"桥"式修补术者64例(桥式组),行传统阴道前壁和(或)后壁修补术者72例(传统组),两组均同时行阴式全宫切除术.对两组患者进行比较分析,对手术时间、手术中出血、手术后恢复和术后复发等情况进行比较,以探讨盆腔脏器脱垂的手术方式及手术安全性.结果:两种手术方式均获成功,单纯阴道前壁修补术时,桥式组,平均手术时间29 min,出血量50 mL;传统组,平均手术时间37 min,出血量84 mL.单纯阴道后壁修补术时,桥式组,平均手术时间17 min,出血量23 mL;传统组,平均手术时间30 min,出血量53 mL.术后随访期间,桥式组未见复发.传统组有2例在术后1年内复发.结论:治疗中老年妇女盆腔脏器脱垂两种术式均较安全,而"桥"式修补术较传统术式手术时间短、出血较少、近期疗效较好.     

全盆底重建术治疗女性盆腔脏器脱垂病人的围术期护理

女性盆底功能障碍(FPFD)疾病包括一组因盆腔支持结构缺陷或退化、损伤及功能障碍造成的疾病,以盆腔器官脱垂、女性压力性尿失禁和生殖道损伤为常见问题[1]。随着人口老龄化的增加及人们对生活质量的重视,女性盆腔脏器脱垂的治疗日益受到关注。多年来应用传统的手术方式,术后复发率高。近年兴起的盆底重建术采用聚丙烯网片替代薄弱受损的盆底筋膜组织,取得了满意的效果,在治疗女性盆腔脏器脱垂的手术中应     

宫颈阴道腹壁筋膜悬吊术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂患者的护理

目的探讨女性盆腔脏器脱垂（POP）患者行宫颈阴道腹壁筋膜悬吊术的围术期护理经验。方法回顾性分析12例不同程度POP患者采用宫颈阴道腹壁筋膜悬吊术治疗的临床和围术期护理资料。结果12例患者手术均顺利完成,术后2～5d出院,无并发症发生。术后随访患者自觉症状消失,根据盆腔脏器脱垂定量分期法（POP—Q）评判,盆底结构基本正常,无复发病例。结论宫颈阴道腹壁筋膜悬吊术治疗不同程度盆腔器官脱垂疗效满意,手术简单易行,严密的围术期护理及健康指导是保证手术成功、促进患者术后康复的重要环节。     

Ultrasound in the quantification of female pelvic organ prolapse.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of ultrasound in the quantification of prolapse and compare findings with clinical assessments obtained in a blind study. METHODS: In a prospective comparative clinical study, 145 patients referred for urogynecological assessment were examined clinically by one operator and by translabial ultrasound by another operator. RESULTS: Clinical staging and International Continence Society coordinates were obtained for all 145 patients, as were ultrasound coordinates for descent of the anterior and posterior vaginal walls. Eighteen percent of the uteri of those women who had not had a hysterectomy in the past could not be seen; none of these women suffered from uterine prolapse clinically. Correlation with the prolapse assessment system recently endorsed by the International Continence Society was good (r = 0.77 for uterine prolapse, r = 0.72 for anterior vaginal wall and r = 0.53 for posterior vaginal wall descent). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that translabial ultrasound can be used to quantify female pelvic organ prolapse. Correlation with the International Continence Society prolapse assessment system is good. The method may be particularly suitable for objective outcome assessment after surgical intervention.     

Intratesticular cysts and malignant potential: conservative management is an option

Benign intratesticular cysts are rare, but recognition is essential to prevent unnecessary surgical intervention. The diagnostic dilemma is to differentiate these cysts from testicular malignancy. As they are extremely uncommon, experience of their management is limited and controversial. We present a case of a simple intratesticular cyst and discuss the diagnostic and management principles.     

MRI评估女性盆腔器官脱垂研究进展

胶质瘤是中枢神经系统最常见的原发性肿瘤,术后复发率及病死率较高。MRI纹理分析可无创量化肿瘤的异质性特征,用于胶质瘤术前分级、放射治疗后假性进展与复发的鉴别及疗效监测等,为胶质瘤患者个体化诊疗提供客观依据。本文就MRI纹理分析法原理及其在胶质瘤诊治中的应用进行综述。