脑白质疏松症的经颅多普勒超声研究

目的研究脑白质疏松症(LA)的血流动力学、血流声频和频谱形态的变化,探讨经颅多普勒超声(TCD)对脑白质疏松症的评估价值。方法我院神经内科入院治疗的病人,经核磁共振成像(MRI)检查,分为LA组60例,对照组40例,两组病人的一般危险因素相匹配,并根据Fazkas视觉量表,将LA分为轻、中、重度组各20例。所有入组病人均行TCD检查,记录大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)、颈内动脉末端(TI-CA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)、椎动脉(VA)、基底动脉(BA)的平均血流速度(Vm)、血管搏动指数(PI)数值,血流声频及频谱形态情况。结果 LA组患者与对照组相比较,LA组患者MCA、TICA、ACA的Vm减慢,PI值增高比较差异有统计学意义;PCA、VA、BA的Vm、PI值无明显变化,差异无统计学意义。中、重度及轻、重度LA患者的MCA、TICA、ACA的Vm及PI值相比较,差异具有统计学意义,随着LA程度的增加,Vm逐渐减低,PI值逐渐增高。轻、中、重三组血流声频变化无统计学意义,频谱形态特征变化有统计学意义。结论 LA患者的MCA、TICA、ACA的Vm均减慢,PI值均增高,且与LA的严重程度呈正相关。TCD血流参数及频谱特征变化可以反映LA的严重程度。     

经颅彩色多普勒对糖耐量低减患者脑血流变化的观察

目的 探讨葡萄糖耐量低减(IGT)患者的脑血流动力学改变。方法 用经颅彩色多普勒(TCD)检测并比较了42例IGT患者和36例无慢性疾病、体检正常、年龄和性别相匹配的健康者大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)、椎动脉(vA)、基底动脉(BA)的血流速度、搏动指数(PI)和频谱形态。结果 IGT组MCA、ACA、PCA、VA、BA的血流速度明显低于对照组，PI明显高于对照组。结论 IGT患者存在脑血流动力学异常。     

不同年龄段人TCD脑血流动力学参数

目的　研究不同年龄段人脑血流动力学参数的正常值范围。　方法　应用彩色多普勒对 90 8例不同年龄段人的大脑中动脉 (MCA)、大脑前动脉 (ACA)、大脑后动脉 (PCA)、椎动脉 (VA)、基底动脉 (BA)的收缩期血流速度 (Vs)、舒张期血流速度 (Vd)、平均血流速度 (Vm )、脉动指数 (PI)进行检测。　结果　 MCA、ACA、PCA、VA、BA的 Vs、Vd、Vm均随年龄的增大而减小。 PI在 10～ 4 0岁随年龄的增大而减小 ,而 >4 0岁后 ,又随年龄的增大而增大。　结论　提出国人不同年龄段的 MCA、ACA、PCA、VA、BA血流参数的正常值范围     

偏头痛患者经颅多普勒血流动力学观察及临床意义

目的:观察偏头痛患者经颅多普勒(TCD)血流动力学改变及临床意义。方法:应用TCD对378例偏头痛患者脑动脉(MCA、ACA、PCA、BA、VA)、血流速度(Vs、Vm、Vd)、PI及RI进行检测,并对检测结果与对照组对比分析。结果:378例偏头痛患者中有135例TCD检测结果正常,其余243例均有不同程度、不同类型的异常表现。其中血流速度加快共296支,血流速度减慢共83支,两侧血流速度不对称共34支。血流速度加快组脑动脉(ACA、PCA、BA、VA)血流速度(Vs、Vm、Vd)与对照组对比明显加快,统计学处理差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而MCA血流速度(Vs、Vm、Vd)与对照组对比加快更为明显,统计学处理差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),血流速度减慢组脑动脉(MCA、ACA、PCA、VA)血流速度(Vs、Vm、Vd)与对照组对比明显减慢,统计学处理差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而PI及RI在血流速度加快组及减慢组与对照组对比无明显变化,统计学处理差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:偏头痛是一种发作性神经-血管功能障碍,利用TCD检测技术能对偏头痛的诊断、治疗及病情判断方面提供依据。     

药物治疗对高血压患者脑血流动力学变化的影响

目的：探讨药物治疗对高血压患者脑血流动力学变化的影响及其临床意义.方法：选择100例未行药物治疗或血压控制不满意的临床原发性高血压病,并经颅多普勒（TCD）检查有明显脑血流动力学改变的患者;所有患者规范化药物治疗（降压、抗血小板聚集、调脂等）,一年后,经TCD检测每位患者大脑中（MCA）、前（ACA）、后动脉（PCA）、椎动脉（VA）、基底动脉（BA）的平均血流速度（Vm）、收缩期血流速度（Vs）和舒张期血流速度（Vd）,血管搏动指数（PI）,频谱形态及血流音频信号等参数,并对药物治疗前、后各参数比较分析.结果：药物治疗后MCA、ACA、VA、BA的平均血流速度与治疗前相比明显降低,MCA、ACA、BA的收缩峰速度与治疗前相比明显降低, MCA、ACA、VA、BA的舒张末期血流速度与治疗前相比明显降低;TCD显示：本组患者脑血管痉挛基本缓解,脑供血不足及脑动脉硬化也有明显改善.结论：规范化药物治疗能明显改善高血压患者脑血流动力学,对防治、延缓高血压病人脑血管病变有重要的临床价值.     

多普勒在高血压患者经颅血流检测中的作用 (附150例分析)

目的:探讨TCD观察高血压患者脑部血流动力学改变的临床价值。方法:TCD检测150例高血压患者双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、前动脉(ACA)、后动脉(PCA)及椎动脉(VA)、基底动脉(BA)的血流速度及S/D、PI、RI等参数并观察血流频谱。结果:150例高血压患者TCD检测出124例异常,异常率为94％,主要表现为脑血管血流速度增高或减慢及血流频谱的改变,结论:TCD技术能直接了解颅底Willis环上各血管的血流速度变化,判断血管的弹性及血流量状况,能为临床诊治提供依据。     

高血压患者经颅多普勒血流检测150例分析

目的　探讨 TCD观察高血压患者脑部血流动力学改变的临床价值。方法　 TCD检测 15 0例高血压患者双侧大脑中动脉 (MCA)、前动脉 (ACA )后动脉 (PCA )、椎动脉 (VA)及基底动脉 (BA )的血流速度及 S/ D、PI、RI等参数并观察血流频谱。　结果　 15 0例高血压患者 TCD检测出 12 4例异常 ,异常率 94 % ,主要表现为脑血管血流速度加快或减慢及频谱改变 ,且 S/ D、PI、RI与血流速度减慢等几项指标在各年龄段的差异有显著性。　结论　 TCD技术能直接了解颅底 Willis环各血管的血流速度变化 ,判断血管弹性及血流量状况 ,为临床诊断提供依据     

TCD检测17例Takayasu患者颅内血流动力学改变

目的应用经颅彩色多普勒超声（TCD）探究多发性大动脉炎（Takayasu）患者颅内血管血流动力学状况。方法应用TCD仪检测17例Takayasu患者的大脑前动脉（ACA）、大脑中动脉（MCA）、大脑后动脉（PCA）及椎动脉（VA）、基底动脉（BA）的血流速度、脉动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）与对照组40例比较。结果 17例Takayasu患者ACA、MCA、PCA、VA、BA的血流速度、PI、RI均明显低于对照组（P〈0.001）。结论 TCD能准确实时评价Takayasu患者颅内动脉血流动力学变化,对评估疗效和判断预后具有重要临床价值。     

无先兆偏头痛患者急性发作期脑血流变化

目的探讨无先兆偏头痛患者急性发作期的脑血管血流动力学异常。方法对180例急性发作期无先兆偏头痛患者进行经颅多普勒超声(Transcranial Doppler sonography,TCD)检测,记录双侧大脑中动脉(Middl ecerebral artery,MCA)、大脑前动脉(Anterior cerebral artery,ACA)、大脑后动脉(Posterior cerebral artery,PCA)、双侧椎动脉(Vertebral artery,VA)及基底动脉(Basilar artery,BA)的频谱,并以平均血流速度(Vm)作为分析指标。结果 180例患者中,Vm增高135例(75%),Vm减低20例(11.11%),以多支病变多见;在流速增高的病例中,以MCA多见,在流速减慢的病例中,以VA-BA系统多见;Vm正常范围的25例(13.89%),其中有15例(8.33%)两侧同名动脉的Vm均在正常范围内,但两侧血流速度不对称,包括8例MCA,3例ACA及4例VA。结论在急性发作期无先兆偏头痛患者确实存在脑血流动力学异常;TCD可以作为一种有效的检查方法为临床偏头痛诊断及疗效评定提供参考。     

Cerebral hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with migraine without aura during attacking period.

目的 探讨无先兆偏头痛患者急性发作期的脑血管血流动力学异常.方法 对180例急性发作期无先兆偏头痛患者进行经颅多普勒超声(Transcranial Doppler sonogrphy,TCD)检测,记录双侧大脑中动脉(Middle cerebral artery,MCA)、大脑前动脉(Anterior cerebral artery,ACA)、大脑后动脉(Posterior cerebral artery,PCA)、双侧椎动脉(Vertebral artery,VA)及基底动脉(Basilar artery,BA)的频谱,并以平均血流速度(Vm)作为分析指标.结果 180例患者中,Vm增高135例(75％),Vm减低20例(11.11％),以多支病变多见;在流速增高的病例中,以MCA多见,在流速减慢的病例中,以VA-BA系统多见;Vm正常范围的25例(13.89％),其中有15例(8.33％)两侧同名动脉的Vm均在正常范围内,但两侧血流速度不对称,包括8例MCA,3例ACA及4例VA.结论 在急性发作期无先兆偏头痛患者确实存在脑血流动力学异常;TCD可以作为一种有效的检查方法为临床偏头痛诊断及疗效评定提供参考.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.