保留股骨颈全髋关节置换术

目的探讨保留股骨颈全髋关节(CFP)置换在临床应用中的疗效分析及其优点。方法对4例股骨颈骨折行保留股骨颈全髋关节置换术,术前、术后及随访时对患者髋关节功能进行Harris评分,随访时摄X线片以了解假体的位置及松动情况。结果术后3个月随访髋关节Harris评分92分,关节稳定,未发生假体脱位、松动、下沉。结论CFP适用于因各种原因需行全髋关节置换术的患者,尤其对年纪轻、活动量大、无骨质疏松、股骨颈完整的患者,疗效满意。     

保留股骨颈的人工髋关节置换术

人工关节的发展经历了一个多世纪，其设计及材质的不断改进是生物力学专家、材料工程师和骨科医生努力的智慧结晶。人工关节置换由髋关节起步，然后拓展到全身其他关节如膝关节、肘关节、肩关节、踝关节，继而发展到指间关节和掌指间关节。[第一段]     

保留股骨颈全髋关节置换术

目的探讨保留股骨颈全髋关节（CFP）置换在临床应用中的疗效分析及其优点。方法对4例股骨颈骨折行保留股骨颈全髋关节置换术，术前、术后及随访时对患者髋关节功能进行Harris评分，随访时摄X线片以了解假体的位置及松动情况。结果术后3个月随访髋关节Harris评分92分，关节稳定，未发生假体脱位、松动、下沉。结论CFP适用于因各种原因需行全髋关节置换术的患者，尤其对年纪轻、活动量大、无骨质疏松、股骨颈完整的患者，疗效满意。     

保留股骨颈的人工髋关节假体置换术

目的探讨保留股骨颈人工髋关节假体置换术的临床疗效。方法对48例患者采用保留股骨颈的人工髋关节假体置换术。结果手术时间30～50 min,术中出血量80～200 ml。术后双下肢等长42例,相差≤1cm 6例。48例均获随访,时间11～48个月。术后3个月髋关节功能Harris评分为94～98(95.5±5.8)分。结论保留股骨颈的人工髋关节假体置换术手术时间短,出血少,固定牢靠,关节功能恢复快,临床疗效好。     

陈旧性股骨颈骨折的全髋关节置换术

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗陈旧性股骨颈骨折的假体选择与技术特点.方法 2001年10月至2006年11月因陈旧性股骨颈骨折接受THA患者60例,男30例,女30例;年龄30～80岁,平均57.5岁.按骨折后经保守治疗(23例)或内固定治疗(37例)分组.比较两组股骨柄使用类型、髓腔张开指数、骨质疏松程度.分析术前、术后肢体长度差、股骨头加长长度及旋转中心位置.结果 4l例获得随访,平均随访时间为18-4个月(2～48个月).(1)保守治疗与内固定治疗组骨水泥型柄使用率分别为61%、27%(P<0.05);术前患侧股骨髓腔张开指数分别为2.62±0.85、3.23±0.68(P<0.05);Barnett指数分别为0.40±0.15、0.48±0.08(P<0.05);股骨距平均长度为(0.9±0.6)cm;(2)53%的患者术前髋臼侧骨质疏松等级患侧大于健侧;术后Delce 1、2、3区出现透光线的患者分别占33%、15%及17%(P<0.05);(3)术前、术后平均肢体长度差分别为(21.8±13.0)mm、(1.5±6.7)mm,股骨头平均加长(5.4±2.2)mm.结论 经内崮定治疗后的患者骨质及形态优于经保守治疗者.内固定组股骨柄易被置于内翻位.陈旧性股骨颈骨折多伴有骨质疏松,易发生过度磨锉,导致髋臼安置上移.骨折后瘢痕组织弹性差,易过度松解而不得不使用加长股骨头颈,因此术中应注意软组织松解的程序和范围.     

保留股骨颈全髋关节置换治疗年轻患者髋关节病

2002 年4月～ 2007年11月,我科应用保留股骨颈的全髋关节假体(CFP假体)对12例无骨质疏松的年轻患者进行保留股骨颈的全髋关节置换(THA),近期效果满意.     

全髋关节置换术治疗高龄患者股骨颈骨折

目的探讨高龄患者股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术(THA)的疗效。方法采用THA治疗58例高龄患者股骨颈骨折,分析其疗效及并发症。结果 经2．5～6年(平均4．3年)随访,按Harris评分标准：优良率93．1％(54／58);术后并发症主要为深静脉栓主塞6例(10．3％),异位骨化3例。结论THA适应证取决于患者手术耐受性、患者的预期寿命及社会生活需求,年龄不宜作为影响手术选择的决定性因素。     

保留股骨颈型人工全髋关节置换术的近期疗效

目的探讨保留股骨颈型人工全髋关节置换的近期疗效。方法使用保留股骨颈型人工全髋关节置换治疗26例髋关节疾病患者（31髋）,术前、术后及每次随访时均常规摄髋关节正、侧位X线片,功能评测使用Harris评分,调查患者满意度。结果患者均获得随访,时间4～7（5.6&#177;0.86）年,31髋关节功能明显改善。Harris评分由术前的（50.88&#177;0.90）分上升到术后的（91.31&#177;0.77）分,优良率91.8%,术后X线片评价假体在位良好,假体无松动、下沉等临床并发症发生,患者满意度92%。结论应用保留股骨颈型人工全髋关节置换治疗年轻的髋关节疾病患者,取得了良好的近期疗效,保留了更多宿主骨质,利于翻修。     

保留股骨颈人工全髋关节置换术后5年以上随访的临床疗效

目的评价保留股骨颈全髋关节置换术后5年以上的临床疗效及术后并发症。方法2000年9月至2012年9月,本科室通过保留股骨颈全髋关节置换术治疗各种髋关节疾病152例,其中5年以上随访46例。本文对46例患者术后随访x线片、Harris评分、肢体的长度、关节活动度及并发症进行回顾性分析。结果围手术期并发症包括：术中股骨干骨折5例,脱位1例,切口无感染,未出现深静脉血栓及肺栓塞。随访时间5—12年,平均7．6年。末次随访Harris评分由术前平均41．2分（17—60分）提高到术后平均82．3分（74～96分）,其中38例评分大于80分,6例评分位于70～80分之间,2例评分小于70分。影像学检查2例髋臼假体、1例股骨假体周围出现小范围的透亮线,其余x线片示髋臼和股骨柄假体位置满意,无松动及下沉现象,股骨颈骨质良好。结论保留股骨颈全髋关节置换治疗髋关节骨关节病中期疗效满意,尤其适用于可能需要行假体翻修的中青年患者。     

全髋关节和半髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折的比较

目的评价全髋关节置换术和半髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效并进行比较。方法回顾性分析53例（54髋）股骨颈骨折患者，男22例，女31例，年龄52—89岁（平均71岁），分别行全髋和半髋关节置换治疗，随访1—9年，平均5．4年。对其住院时间、手术时间、手术出血、术后失血、输血总量、有无并发症、术后功能恢复情况等作比较。结果全髋置换组手术时间明显长于半髋置换组（P〈0．05）；术中出血量、术后出血量、输血总量、住院时间长短均无明显统计学差异（P〉0．1）；术后并发症无明显统计学差异；半髋置换患者术后大腿痛明显多于全髋置换（P〈0．05）；术后功能恢复情况无明显统计学差异。结论半髋和全髋置换治疗股骨颈骨折的效果是满意的，对身体条件好，术后活动较多的或较为年轻的患者宜选择全髋关节置换术。     

保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换术早期临床疗效分析

目的 评估保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换术早期临床疗效.方法 对12例(14髋)因各种因为行保留股骨颈型人工髋关节置换术患者均采用改良Moore小切口,在头下位置将股骨头截断,保留完整的股骨颈;选择合适的外杯.外翻55°装入,内杯为超高分子聚乙烯,超半径设计保持外翻45°.随访时采用Harris髋关节评分标准进行临床评价,摄...     

Treatment of acute femoral neck fractures with total hip arthroplasty

Between 1973 and 1983, 27 patients with acute femoral neck fractures were treated at the UCLA Medical Center with total hip arthroplasty. These cases were selected on the basis of age, high activity level, and degenerative changes in the acetabular cartilage. The average age was 72 years. There were 19 women and eight men. The average follow-up period was 3.8 years with a range of one to ten years. Methods used included analysis of clinical data, roentgenograms, final pain ratings, walking ratings, and activity levels using the UCLA rating system. Pain relief and overall functional results were better than that of most series of acute femoral neck fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty and similar to that of total hip arthroplasty series. The complication rate was slightly less than both authors' elective total hip series, and considerably less than most hemiarthroplasty series. Complications included a superficial wound infection, a urinary tract infection, and a perforated colon diverticulum. Four patients died within one year from causes unrelated to the hip arthroplasty. There were no deep infections, dislocations, or reoperations. Total hip arthroplasty in selective cases of acute femoral neck fractures can give more consistent pain relief and better functional results than hemiarthroplasty, without an increase in complications.     

老年股骨颈骨折髋关节置换术的临床护理

目的探讨老年股骨颈骨折髋关节置换术的术前、术后护理。方法术前对所有病人进行耐心的心理疏导、饮食调整、床上二便训练、下肢肌肉收缩、关节活动及抬腿训练;术后对病人进行褥疮、肺炎、泌尿系感染、深静脉血栓的预防性指导训练。结果本组病人手术方案制定合理,手术进行顺利,术后疗效满意,无1例因护理不当而出现并发症。结论对于老年股骨颈骨折行髋关节置换术的病例,精心的术前、术后护理设计及护理操作是手术成功的重要保证。     

Long-term results of total hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture nonunion

BACKGROUND: Hip arthroplasty for the treatment of nonunion at the site of a femoral neck fracture has provided good short-term results. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the long-term results and complications of total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck nonunion. METHODS: The records of ninety-nine patients who had been managed with total hip arthroplasty with use of a cemented Charnley acetabular component and a cemented Charnley monoblock femoral component for the treatment of a femoral neck nonunion were retrospectively reviewed. The average age at the time of the arthroplasty was sixty-eight years. Eighty-four patients (85%) were followed until death, revision, or component removal or for at least two years (mean, 12.2 years) postoperatively. RESULTS: Twelve patients were treated with revision (eleven) or resection arthroplasty (one), eleven were lost to follow-up, and four died less than two years postoperatively. Of the remaining seventy-two unrevised hips that were followed for at least two years, sixty-nine (96%) had no or mild hip pain at the time of the last follow-up. The rate of component survival free of revision or removal for any reason was 93% at ten years and 76% at twenty years. The risk factors that were significantly associated with revision for aseptic loosening included an age of less than sixty-five years at the time of the arthroplasty (p = 0.045), a body-mass index of >/=30 (p < 0.01), and male gender (p = 0.02). The second most common complication after loosening was dislocation, which occurred in nine patients (9%). CONCLUSIONS: Total hip arthroplasty is an effective method for the treatment of nonunion of the femoral neck and provides satisfactory long-term results. However, the rate of implant survival is poorer than that reported in most other studies of Charnley total hip arthroplasty in the general population.     

股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术后股骨近端形态变化

目的:观察全髋关节置换(THA)治疗股骨颈骨折及股骨头坏死术后股骨近端形态改变,分析是否存在差异及其表现形式.方法:2014年1月至12月同一手术组连续股骨颈骨折和股骨头坏死行THA治疗的病例进行对比分析,其中股骨颈骨折患者22例,男11例,女11例,年龄44~83岁,平均(66.18±11.47)岁;股骨头坏死患者23例,男12例,女11例,年龄19~68岁,平均(51.91±11.76)岁.测量THA术后股骨高度,Offset,截骨位置和调整方式,进行统计分析.结果:全部患者获得测量,行THA治疗后,股骨颈骨折病例较股骨头坏死病例有更低的股骨高度,更小的Offset,更低的截骨位置,并发现了3种低位截骨后的调整方式.结论:股骨颈骨折行THA手术,有产生低截骨、较小Offset的可能,因低位截骨而进行的调整可能会对近远期疗效产生不良影响.     

Factors contributing to lysis of the femoral neck in total hip arthroplasty

A radiographic analysis of 483 Charnley total hip arthroplasties performed from July 1970 to November 1975 demonstrated that 13% of the hips had lysis of the medial femoral neck. The findings suggest that the lysis of the medial femoral neck is significantly reduced if the femoral stem is oriented in a valgus or neutral position and with at least 5 mm of cement separating the stem of the prosthesis and the medial cortex of the femoral neck.     

Cementless femoral fixation in total hip arthroplasty

A number of cementless femoral stems are associated with excellent long-term survivorship. Cementless designs differ from one another in terms of geometry and the means of obtaining initial fixation. Strict classification of stem designs is important in order to compare results among series. Loosening and thigh pain are less prevalent with modern stem designs. Stress-shielding is present in most cases, even with newer stem designs.