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提要：自体牙移植是用外科手术的方法将自体牙在口腔内异位移植。尽管自体牙移植适用范围不广，但对于在正畸治疗中纠正个别牙错位和代替缺失牙，却有着独特的自身优势。同时，正畸治疗也对自体牙移植产生一定的影响。本文就自体牙移植的外科技术、影响自体牙移植预后的相关因素以及自体移植牙的正畸治疗等方面做一综述。     

自体牙移植在正畸临床上的应用

自体牙移植术是将自体牙完整摘出，移植于自身其他部位的缺牙处，是治疗缺牙的方法之一。本文对自体牙移植术在口腔正畸方面的供牙选取、适应证以及移植牙成活的影响因素等进行了综述。     

自体牙移植在正畸临床上的应用

自体牙移植术是将自体牙完整摘出,移植于自身其他部位的缺牙处,是治疗缺牙的方法之一。本文对自体牙移植术在口腔正畸方面的供牙选取、适应证以及移植牙成活的影响因素等进行了综述。     

自体牙移植及其与正畸治疗相关性的研究进展

自体牙移植对解决正畸治疗牙齿缺失间隙问题有其自身优势,同时正畸治疗也会对自体移植牙产生影响。笔者对自体牙移植的应用历史,影响自体牙移植预后的相关因素,以及正畸治疗对自体移植牙的影响进行综述。     

自体牙移植术的临床应用研究

目的：评价正畸治疗中自体牙移植的临床效果,并探讨移植牙成功的影响因素。方法：选择17例17颗牙齿异位或埋伏阻生的病例,先行正畸治疗以拓展出合适间隙,局麻下进行自体牙移植,术后固定,移植术后4周行根管治疗并正畸加力,精细调整咬合关系后拆除固定矫治器。结果：经1～3年的随访,17颗移植牙均未发现牙根吸收、松动、疼痛和根骨粘连等并发症。结论：自体牙移植的临床效果满意。对于异位或埋伏阻生牙的正畸治疗,联合自体牙移植术能快速纠正个别牙错位,缩短正畸治疗疗程。     

自体牙移植术在正畸治疗中的临床应用

目的初步分析自体移植牙术配合正畸临床治疗的临床效果,探讨正畸治疗中选择自体牙移植术的适应证以及对移植牙正畸治疗的特点。方法对5例牙移植2月左右后开始正畸治疗的患者,通过移植后牙齿的松动度、牙周袋深度、牙龈形态、边缘龈形态等各项临床指标进行检查,并摄取数字化根尖片对牙移植后8～24个月的牙移植效果的观察。结果4例患者经移植术后6～18个月的正畸治疗后,移植牙均生长良好,形成接近正常的牙周膜,1例患者的临床效果仍在观察中。结论自体牙移植术的诊断与治疗中,如果选择好适应证并适时配合正畸治疗可提高移植牙的成功率。     

临床第三磨牙治疗应注意的问题

第三磨牙易产生多种口腔病理状况,如冠周炎、邻牙龋坏、囊肿等。第三磨牙阻生是临床最常见的症状之一。第三磨牙的保留与拔除是口腔医生最常面临的临床择决之一。该文从第三磨牙的拔除时机、第三磨牙在口腔正畸、修复、牙体牙髓、自体牙移植、正颌外科等几个方面应注意的问题进行综述。     

正畸加载时机及持续时间对自体移植牙牙周修复影响的组织学研究

目的 建立犬自体牙移植动物模型,研究正畸加载时机及持续时间对自体移植牙牙周修复的影响.方法 选取12只Beagle犬随机分组,选取每只犬的4颗第一前磨牙进行自体移植,分别在其自体牙移植手术后2、4、8和12周开始正畸加载,正畸加载持续时间分别为1、2和4周,并对其相应第一前磨牙牙体牙周组织标本进行组织学研究,测量牙根吸...     

正畸-临时修复联合治疗对上颌切牙位置的保持效果

目的:探讨正畸术后即行临时修复治疗对患者上颌切牙位置的保持效果。方法:将于北京大学口腔医院第五门诊部就诊行正畸-修复联合治疗的患者20例，随机分成两组。实验组在正畸治疗完成后即行临时修复治疗，1周内完成永久修复，保持3个月；对照组在正畸治疗完成后即保持3个月，然后行上前牙永久修复治疗。使用数字模型记录实验组与对照组患者分别在正畸-永久修复治疗完成后(T_X1)、保持3个月后(T_X2)、正畸治疗完成后(T_C1)、保持3个月(T_C2)后患牙位置的变化。测量患牙在空间移动中牙轴角度变化、冠切线角度变化、近远中向距离变化、垂直向距离变化等指标，分析患牙移动与保持的效果。结果:两组患者T1与T2时间点相比，患牙位置均有变化。对照组牙轴角度变化、冠切线角度变化、近远中向移动量和垂直向移动量均大于实验组；两组间牙轴角度变化、近远中和垂直向移动量均存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:正畸-临时修复治疗较常规正畸后保持3个月再行修复治疗相比，可有效保持上颌切牙的位置。     

低温保存技术在牙齿自体移植中的应用研究

正畸拔除牙齿的保存与自体移植有助于患者最大限度保留自身牙体组织,低温保存技术使其成为可能。本文拟从低温保存技术在口腔中应用的历史发展,低温冷冻保存方法的研究及其对牙体组织的影响等方面做一总结。     

Autotransplantation: a viable treatment option for adolescent patients with significantly compromised teeth

Autotransplantation is the technique of transplanting embedded, impacted or erupted teeth from one site into another in the same individual. Despite current scientific evidence indicating that autotransplantation has favourable long‐term survival rates, autotransplantation is still not generally regarded as mainstream practice outside of Scandinavian countries. Successful autotransplantation can offer many advantages in a growing patient, including a normally functioning periodontium, proprioception and preservation of alveolar bone volume. In the event that the autotransplantation eventually fails, the bone and soft tissue conditions would still be likely to be favourable for subsequent implant treatment. This review article will identify and discuss the factors that influence case selection, the ideal timing for autotransplantation and the critical determinants for achieving a successful outcome. The limitations of the technique and alternative treatment options will also be discussed. It is hoped that through greater awareness and recognition by the dental profession, autotransplantation will become another viable treatment option in the management of compromised teeth in patients with significant remaining growth potential.     

Applicability of autotransplantation in cases of missing upper anterior teeth.

No immunologic problems are involved in autotransplantation, as they are in allotransplantation. One is justified in stating that the prognosis for autotransplantation of teeth is favorable, at least in young persons. In this report six cases are presented to demonstrate that autotransplantation can contribute to more satisfactory solutions to the problem of missing anterior teeth than can otherwise be achieved. It is difficult to form general rules regarding the indications for autotransplantation in such cases. Each case must be assessed on its own premises: the substitution need, the availability of a transplant, the long-term prognosis, and the advantages and disadvantages of a solution with autotransplantation versus solutions without autotransplantation. It should be admitted that the applicability of autotransplantation is limited. However, the therapist who realizes that the applicability in young patients is primarily a question of the availability of transplants may find that this is greater than he has previously realized.     

自体牙移植术大鼠动物模型的建立

［摘要］ 目的 建立自体牙移植术的标准化大鼠动物模型,并分析其优缺点。方法 选取5周龄SD大鼠,全麻下先后拔除左上第三磨牙（供牙）和左上第二磨牙（患牙）。预备左上第二磨牙牙槽窝后将供牙放入其中试植,调整方向和咬合后进行树脂粘接固定。术后进行口内愈合情况、影像学及组织学检查。结果 大鼠可以接受自体牙移植手术操作。术后8周口内移植牙固定良好,术区软组织无红肿。组织HE染色可见移植牙牙根和牙槽骨初步愈合,CT显示有少量成骨。该模型具有实验周期较短、成本较低、可重复性较好、以及可以接受多种类型的检查和检测的优点。其缺点包括：个体偏小,实验操作空间小,精细化程度要求较高,以及有些操作不能彻底进行或无法完成。结论 大鼠可以用于自体牙移植术标准动物模型。     

自体牙移植术规范化操作流程中国专家共识

自体牙移植术是指将牙从一个位置移植到同一个体的另一位置的手术过程,常见的是将埋伏、阻生、错位或异位萌出牙转移到其他需要拔牙部位或缺牙部位的牙槽窝内,或手术制备的牙槽窝内。作为生物相容性最好的修复方式,自体牙移植可以用天然牙恢复牙列缺失、维持牙槽骨的骨量,恢复受牙区正常的牙周组织和牙本体感受,达到“变废为宝”的目的。目前国内外尚缺乏一个公认的、具有可操作性的自体牙移植术的规范化操作流程（包括适应证、禁忌证、术前检查、术前准备、手术步骤、术后治疗及医嘱等）。为了进一步规范自体牙移植术的临床应用,我们结合该领域专家的操作经验,制订了自体牙移植术的规范化操作流程,以期提高自体牙移植术的成功率。     

Posterior tooth autotransplantation: a case series

Tooth autotransplantation is the technique of transplanting embedded, impacted or erupted teeth from one site into another in the same individual. Autotransplantation can provide a long‐term, cost‐effective and biological solution for adolescent patients with congenitally missing teeth or significantly compromised teeth when a suitable donor tooth is available. Successful autotransplantation of immature teeth can offer many advantages for a growing patient, including a normally functioning periodontium, proprioception and preservation of alveolar bone volume. Even in the event that an autotransplanted tooth does eventually fail, the bone and soft tissue conditions are likely to be conducive for subsequent implant treatment. Despite the significant physiological and cost‐benefit advantages, tooth autotransplantation remains relatively underutilized, as the procedure is considered to be technique‐sensitive. Although carefully considered individual case selection and surgical skill are the critical determinants for success, advances in three‐dimensional computed tomography and rapid prototyping have the potential to simultaneously reduce the technique sensitivity and increase the predictability of the autotransplantation procedure. It is hoped that this case series will provide greater awareness and an appreciation of the tremendous value of autotransplantation for the management of patients with congenitally missing or significantly compromised posterior teeth.     

Autotransplantation of a supplemental premolar: a case report

In this article, we describe the autotransplantation of a supplemental premolar to replace an extracted first permanent molar in a 12-year-old boy. Although the end results are not ideal due to the small size of the donor tooth, the esthetics and function of the dental arch are partly restored using a natural tooth rather than a prosthesis. This case report illustrates the usefulness of autotransplantation as a viable treatment option in children with missing permanent teeth.     

A clinical application of autotransplantation using furcation-involved root

BACKGROUND, AIMS: The present case report describes the clinical application of autotransplantation using furcation involved roots. METHOD: After initial therapy, root resection was performed upon the patient's molar teeth with furcation involvement in the mandible. 2 distal roots of the molar teeth were autotransplanted as abutments to replace missing premolar and molar teeth in the mandible. RESULTS: On re-examination, 1 year after the transplantation, these roots showed no signs of periodontal or technical complications. The results suggest the potential use of autotransplantation techniques using furcation involved roots in reconstructive therapy. This may be a new approach in periodontal therapy.     

Tooth autotransplantation: an overview and case study

It is not uncommon for children or young adults to have congenitally missing teeth or early loss of teeth from trauma or caries. The restorative options are typically bridges, implants, and removable appliances. Often overlooked and misunderstood, another treatment option exists in autotransplantation, where a tooth is moved from one site to another in the same individual. Autotransplantation is well studied and has predictable results comparable to implants, with reported success rates often greater than 90%. This article will provide an overview of autotransplantation plantation, its indications, advantages, complications, and treatment considerations, along with a case of a third molar autotransplant that will serve to highlight these points.     

羟基磷灰石与生物膜合用于自体埋伏牙移植15例报告

目的:探讨羟基磷灰石人工骨与生物膜联合应用于自体牙移植术的效果。方法:先将供区牙齿移植于受区位置,在牙根周边骨缺损区植入适量羟基磷灰石(HA),然后采用医用生物膜行引导组织再生术(GTR),钢丝或夹板固定,术后定期复查。结果:本组共15例患者接受自体埋伏牙移植手术,并在手术中联合应用HA植骨与膜引导组织再生术。术后患牙牙周组织愈合好,1个月后X线片即可见植牙区新骨形成,3个月后牙周骨质明显再生,牙根未见吸收;随访3～8年,移植牙均不松动,牙冠色泽无异常,牙髓活力基本正常。结论:在自体牙移植术中植入HA及生物膜可引导成骨,加快新骨形成,有助于移植牙成活,提高牙移植术成功率。