食管心房调搏诱发与终止房室折返性心动过速的研究

目的探讨经食管心房调搏诱发与终止房室折返性心动过速的价值。方法选择255例有心动过速发作史,并且既往心电图证实有阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的患者行食管心房调搏检查。结果在被检的255例患者中诱发房室折返性心动过速229例,占89.8%(其中顺向型217例,占94.8%,逆向型12例,占5.2%)。诱发成功的最佳刺激方法为程序期前刺激法(S1S2、S1S2S3),诱发率为88.2%。诱发的必备条件是旁路有效不应期长于房室结有效不应期。在诱发房室折返性心动过速的229例中215例经电刺激成功终止,转复为窦性心律,成功率为93.9%,其中64例采用短阵快速刺激一次性成功终止,转复成功率达100%。结论食管心房调搏能有效地诱发与终止房室折返性心动过速,诱发顺向型房室折返性心动过速的关键因素是旁路不应期大于房室结有效不应期,终止发作的最有效的刺激方法为短阵快速刺激。本法可作为急诊终止阵发性室上性心动过速的首选方法。     

异丙肾上腺素在食道心房调搏术诱发阵发性室上性心动过速中的应用

目的:对比观察食道心房调搏术中基础刺激与基础刺激加异丙肾上腺素诱发室上性心动过速的诱发率。方法:302例临床拟诊阵发性室上性心动过速的患者被随机分成两组:基础刺激组(A组)151例,基础刺激加用异丙肾上腺素组(B组)151例,然后进行食道心房调搏检查。结果:B组的诱发成功率明显高于A组的(72.8%:41.1%,P0.01)。同时B组患者中,房室结双径路的诱发成功率明显大于房室旁道(76.8%:57.5%,P0.05)。结论:异丙肾上腺素能显著提高食道心房调搏术中阵发性室上性心动过速的诱发率,值得临床推广应用。     

经食管心房调搏诱发及终止预激综合征房室折返性心动过速的研究

目的探讨经食管心房调搏诱发和终止预激综合征阵发性房室折返性心动过速的价值.方法对30例预激综合征患者行食管心房调搏程控刺激.结果经食管心房调搏对房室折返性心动过速的诱发率,典型预激综合征A型与B型差异无显著意义(P＞0.05),典型预激综合征与詹姆斯型预激综合征差异则有非常显著意义(P＜0.05).心房刺激诱发顺向型房室折返性心动过速的关键因素是旁道有效不应期大于房室交接区有效不应期.结论典型预激综合征的类型对诱发房室折返性心动过速无明显影响;诱发的关键因素是旁道有效不应期大于房室交接区有效不应期;猝发法是终止发作的最有效方法之一,转复成功率接近100%.     

钙剂与阿托品在TEAP诱发房室结折返性心动过速中的应用

目的 比较葡萄糖酸钙与阿托品作为诱导剂对房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的诱发结果.方法 62例以阵发性心悸就诊行食道心房调搏(TEAP)患者,检测出现房室结双径路(DAVNP),但未诱发心动过速且排除葡萄糖酸钙和阿托品禁忌证,随机分为葡萄糖酸钙组30例和阿托品组32例,分别予10％葡萄糖酸钙20 mL稀释后缓慢静脉注射和阿托品0.04 mg/kg静脉推注后重复TEAP,记录用药前后的电生理检查结果,比较房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的诱发情况.结果 葡萄糖酸钙组和阿托品组分别有18例及16例作出DAVNP所致AVNRT、单个或成对房室结折返激动及心房回波的诊断,二者之间不存在显著差异;而阿托品组不能再次作出DAVNP诊断的例数明显多于葡萄糖酸钙组(P＜0.01).结论 葡萄糖酸钙不掩盖房室结双径路的显现,其对AVNRT、单个或成对房室结折返激动及心房回波的总体诱发率稍高于阿托品.     

食管心房调搏诊断室上性心动过速的临床研究

为探讨食管心房调搏揭示室上性心动过速发生机制的价值和局限性,回顾性分析成功射频导管消融的１３８例隐匿性单房室旁道参与的顺向型房室折返性心动过速和１００例单一类型房室结折返性心动过速的食管心房调搏结果。结果显示：前１３８例中,３例前间隔旁道引起者食管心房调搏均诊断为房室结折返性心动过速余为左右侧其它部位的旁道,诊断正确。后１００例中,５例为慢－慢型,２例为快－慢型,食管心房调搏均诊断为房室折返性心动     

食管心脏电生理检查诱发快速性心律失常

快速性心律失常是临床上最为常见的心律失常,包括阵发性室上性心动过速和阵发性室性心动过速。部分患者在心动过速发作时,可能由于各种原因未能及时记录到心电图,而无法确诊。经食管心房调搏可诱发与复制阵发性室上性心动过速、心房扑动与心房颤动等快速性心律失常,并确定其发生机制与折返途径,为进一步治疗提供依据。经食管心房调搏偶尔也会诱发阵发性室性心动过速,但一般不会诱发心室扑动和心室颤动,除非预激伴快速性房颤蜕变为心室扑动或心室颤动。一.诱发快速性心律失常的方法经食管心房调搏诱发的快速性心律失常绝大多数由折返激动所致,     

食管心房调搏对房室传导功能的电生理研究

目的 通过食管心房调搏术测定房室传导系统的电生理参数来判断房室传导功能及其影响因素.方法 以心动过缓测窦房结、房室传导功能和心动过速查因的患者124例为研究对象,行食管心房调搏检查.入选者均于术前行常规及动态心电图,停用抗心律失常药物5个半衰期.并对74例经食管心房调搏房室传导功能降低的患者,进行阿托品试验,试验前后对照分析.结果 食管心房调搏对房室传导阻滞的检出率明显高于心电图及动态心电图.其中69例静推阿托品后显著改善,仅5例静推阿托品后无明显改善,而植入起搏器治疗.并有1例静注阿托品后诱发出房室结折返性心动过速.结论 食管心房调搏可在早期发现并鉴别诊断功能性和病理性房室传导阻滞,具有重要的临床价值.     

食管心房调搏揭示室上性心动过速的探讨

食管心房调搏揭示室上性心动过速的探讨罗莹郑竹虚蔡力周晓芳黄启华陶建虹（四川省人民医院心血管病研究室成都６１００７２）关键词心动过速，室上性；食管；电刺激食管心房调搏可无创性揭示室上性心动过速（ＳＶＴ）的发生机理，可鉴别房室结折返性心动过速(ＡＶＮＲＴ...     

房室结加速传导对房室折返性心动过速诱发方式的影响

为探讨房室结加速传导对房室折返性心动过速的影响,对27例突发突止的心悸患者作食管心房调搏检查.结果有9例患者具有房室结加速传导,S-R间期仅轻度延长.诱发出室上性心动过速的方法与无房室结加速传导患者具有完全不同的刺激方式.认为当食管心房调搏起搏频率≥200次/min;房室仍是1:1传导,应采取连续期前收缩刺激或Burst刺激,以促发心动过速,防止遗漏房室折返性心动过速诊断.     

食管心房调搏在室上速诊断中价值新探讨

目的：评价食管心房调搏对室上性心动过速诊断的准确性。方法：将111例室上速患者心内和食管电生理检查结果进行比较。结果：111例室上性心动过速患者中，经食管心房调搏检查，诊断为房室结内折返性心动过速（AVNRT）41例，准确率91％；诊断为房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）53例，准确率92％；诊断为房性心动过速（AT包括房内折返陛心动过速和房性自律性心动过速）6例，准确率100％；诊断为窦房结折返性心动过速（SART）1例，准确率100％。根据PE-PV1时距判定房速激动起源点以及左右房室旁道位置与心内电生理检查结果基本一致。结论：食管心房调搏在室上速诊断中具有很高的价值。     

经食管心房调搏对阵发性室上性心动过速的诊断价值

目的 探讨经食管心房调搏对阵发性室上性心动过速的分型及定位诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析食管心房调搏对193例阵发性室上性心动过速分型及定位诊断结果，并与心内电生理检查诊断结果比较。结果 经食管心房调搏对慢-快型AVNRT及顺向性AVRT的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性均较高，对少见型AVNRT的诊断敏感性低(25％)。结论 阵发性室上性心动过速发作时食管与体表心电图P^-波起始与极性是诊断阵发性室上性心动过速的关键。经食管心房调搏对心动过速旁道定位误诊原因主要是心动过速时体表心电图P^-波往往与T波融合，导致V1、I导联P^-波极性及V1导联P^-波起始部形态改变。     

室上性心动过速导管射频消融和开胸手术临床与经济效应比较

作者比较了17与19例分别接受过开胸与导管射频消融术(RFCA)治疗阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)患者的临床效应、投入的人、财、物等参数.结果:RFCA能有效治疗包括房室结(AVNRT)与房室(AVRT)折返的PSVT患者;对于AVRT,二者成功率、复发率与并发症发生率无显著差异(P>0.05);与开胸手术比较,RFCA操作时间短,参加人数少,住院天数包括术前准备与术后恢复以及术后陪床天数均明显缩短,P<0.05;而二者住院费无显著差异(P>0.05),所需最低设备投入费大致相等.提示RFCA治疗PSVT具有适应证宽、快捷、高效、安全、损伤小,易被患者接受等优点.但与开胸术比较,RFCA显著增加(P<0.05)的X线曝光量则提示:开展RFCA,需有充分的医患防护意识和良好的防护设备.     

Influence of age and gender on the mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of age and gender on the mechanism of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that PSVT mechanism may be influenced by age and gender, but contemporary data are limited. METHODS: In 1,754 patients undergoing catheter ablation of 1,856 PSVTs between 1991 and 2003, the mechanism was classified as atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), or atrial tachycardia (AT). Patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and age <5 years were excluded. RESULTS: The mean age was 45 +/- 19 years (range 5-96), and the majority were women (62%). Overall, AVNRT was the predominant mechanism (n = 1,042 [56%]), followed by AVRT (n = 500 [27%]) and AT (n = 315 [17%]). There was a strong relationship between age and PSVT mechanism; the proportion of AVRT in both sexes decreased with age, whereas AVNRT and AT increased (PM < .001 by ANOVA). The majority of patients with AVRT were men (273/500 [54.6%]), whereas the majority of patients with AVNRT and AT were women (727/1,042 [70%] and 195/315 [62%], respectively). The distribution of PSVT mechanism was significantly influenced by gender (P < .001). In women, 63% had AVNRT, 20% had AVRT, and 17.0% had AT. In men, 45% had AVNRT, 39% had AVRT, and 17% had AT. AVNRT replaced AVRT as the dominant PSVT mechanism at age 40 in men and at age 10 in women. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of PSVT in patients presenting for ablation is significantly influenced by both age and gender.     

Retrospective analysis of 300 cases of paroxysmal supraventicular tachycardia by electrophysiological transesophageal study

AIM: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a very frequent type of arrhythmia. Atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia through extranodal accessory pathways (AVRT) are the most common types of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. We describe our experience in diagnosing these tachycardia by electrophysiological transesophageal study (ETS). METHODS: Three hundred patients, 155 men and 145 women, (mean age, 37.2 +/- 16 years), with a history of palpitations underwent clinical evaluation and ETS. The clinical features of those with AVNRT and those with AVRT were compared. RESULTS: Of a total of 300 patients, tachycardia was diagnosed only in 234, of which 136 (58%) had AVNRT and 98 (42%) had AVRT. AVNRT patients were older than those with AVRT (P = or < 0.004); patients with AVRT had palpitations earlier (P = or < 0.0001). Dyspnea and asthenia were the most frequent symptoms in the AVNRT patients (P = or < 0,02; P = or < 0.04). There were statistically significant differences between the two patient groups in Wencke-bach time (P = or < 0.05), ventricular-atrial (V-A) interval (P = or < 0.03) and period of induced tachycardia (P = or < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: ETS revealed important clinical and electrophysiological differences between patients with AVRT and those with AVNRT.     

Radiofrequency ablation for treating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia complicated by atrial fibrillation:A single-center retrospective analysis

Background The effect of selective radiofrequency ablation for treating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT) and its associated paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(PAF) was assessed. Methods Data were collected retrospectively from patients diagnosed of PSVT and subsequently treated with radiofrequency ablation. Regular monthly follow-up by dynamic electrocardiography(ECG) was performed. Incident rates of atrial fibrillation before and after ablation were compared. Results 382 PSVT patients with 58 having atrial fibrillation were enrolled. The order of complicated PAF from high to low in these patients was displayed as: atrial tachycardia(AT),atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia(AVRT) and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia(AVNRT). Among AVRT patients, PAF was more frequent in patients having accessory pathways. AVNRT patients had significantly lower PAF rate comparing to other patients. PAF incident rate was significantly reduced by radiofrequency ablation therapy. Conclusion We advise regular dynamic ECG for PSVT patients, especially those with atrial flutter, AT or pre-excitation syndrome. Selective radiofrequency ablation is a feasible approach for treating AF complicated PSVT patients.     

aVR导联ST段抬高对阵发性室上性心动过速的鉴别价值

目的探讨aVR导联ST段抬高及其持续时间对阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的鉴别价值。方法126例行射频消融治疗成功的PSVT患者,其中房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)65例,房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)61例。分析其aVR导联ST段抬高幅度及持续时间。结果65例AVRT中aVR导联ST抬高且持续时间≥0.08s有46例,61例AVNRT中有13例,诊断AVRT的敏感性、特异性及阳性预测值分别为70.8%,78.7%,78.0%;46例aVR导联ST段抬高的AVRT中左侧旁道占38例,诊断左侧旁道的敏感性、特异性及阳性预测值分别为79.2%,52.9%,82.6%。结论aVR导联ST段抬高及其持续时间有助于鉴别阵发性室上性心动过速,且其多发生于左侧旁道。     

房室旁道和房室结双径引起的折返性心动过速初次发病年龄和因素分析

探讨房室旁道 (简称房道 )和房室结双径引起的折返性心动过速的初次发病年龄。 15 5例旁道和房室结双径引起的折返性心动过速中 ,房室折返性心动过速 (AVRT) 10 6例、房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT) 4 9例。根据年龄和心动过速病程推算初次发病年龄 ,然后比较AVRT和AVNRT、左和右侧旁道并AVRT、显性和隐匿性旁道并AVRT、男性和女性心动过速患者的初发年龄。结果 :AVRT和AVNRT的初发年龄分别为 2 9.9± 12 .85岁和 32 .33±11.84岁 ,组间比较无显著性差异。左、右侧旁道并AVRT、显性和隐匿性AP并AVRT、男性和女性心动过速患者初发年龄比较差异均无显著性 ,均是 30岁左右。结论 :30岁左右是AVRT和AVNRT初次发病的高发年龄段 ,其他年龄段呈散在发病     

腺苷终止房室结和房室旁道折返性心动过速的心内电生理评价

探讨腺苷对阵发性室上性心动过速 (PSVT)的终止效果 ,观察PSVT终止后出现的心律失常。 2 5例患者 ,其中房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT) 11例、房室折返性心动过速 (AVRT) 14例 ,于心内电生理检查时 ,由前臂静脉注射(简称静注 )腺苷 6～ 12mg ,观察其终止心动过速的疗效和作用部位。结果 :11例AVNRT患者静注腺苷后 ,10例恢复窦性心律 ,其中 9例终止AVNRT于慢径前传 ,1例于快径逆传 ;14例AVRT患者静注腺苷后 ,14例均恢复窦性心律 ,终止AVRT 12例于房室结前传 ,2例于旁道逆传。心动过速终止后最常出现的心律失常是房性早搏和一过性Ⅰ和Ⅱ度房室阻滞 ;此外 ,室性早搏也很常见 ,部分患者可出现短阵室性心动过速 ,1例患者出现预激综合征伴心房颤动。结论 :腺苷终止PSVT有较高的成功率 ,但有潜在的促心律失常作用。     

Paroxysmal regular supraventricular tachycardia: the diagnostic accuracy of the transesophageal ventriculo-atrial interval

Objective: To establish the diagnostic accuracy of the transesophageal ventriculo‐atrial (VA) interval in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and normal baseline electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods: The transesophageal VA interval during tachycardia was recorded in 318 patients (age 45 ± 17 years, 58% female) with PSVT and a normal surface ECG between attacks. Subsequently, all patients underwent an ablation procedure establishing the correct tachycardia diagnosis. Results: AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), AV reentrant tachycardia through a concealed accessory pathway (AVRT), and ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) were found in 213, 95, and 10 cases, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified an optimal cutoff for a binary categorization of AVNRT versus AVRT/EAT at ≤80 ms (area under the curve 0.891). Owing to a biphasic distribution, AVNRT was very likely at VA intervals ≤90 ms with a sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 87%, 91%, and 95%. In the range 91–160 ms the corresponding values for AVRT were 88%, 95%, and 88% (90%, 99%, and 98% in male patients). In the small group with VA intervals >160 ms (n = 29), the diagnosis was less clear (PPV of 67% for AVNRT). Conclusions: In patients with sudden onset regular tachycardia and a normal ECG during sinus rhythm, a transesophageal VA interval of ≤80 ms has the highest diagnostic accuracy to diagnose AVNRT versus AVRT/EAT. Overall, the biphasic distribution of VA intervals suggests considering AVNRT at 90 ms and below and AVRT between 91 and 160 ms (in particular in male patients) while the diagnosis is vague at VA intervals above 160 ms. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2011;16(4):327–335