局限型细支气管肺泡癌的CT诊断

<正>细支气管肺泡癌(bronchioloalveolar carcioma,BAC)是指生长在远端细支气管和肺泡的原发性肺癌,是肺腺癌的一种特殊类型,依据影像学表现可分为局限型和弥漫型两类。本文对20例经手术与病理证实的局限型BAC的CT表现进行回顾性分析,旨在加深对本病CT表现的认识,提高其诊断与鉴别诊断水平。     

CT findings of lobar bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

The CT findings in a case of lobar bronchioloalveolar carcinoma included stretching, spreading, and uniform narrowing of the involved bronchi without obstruction.     

细支气管肺泡癌的CT表现

细支气管肺泡癌(bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma):临床上较少见,常根据CT表现将细支气管肺泡癌分为以下3型,孤立结节型、浸润实变型、弥漫型,其中孤立结节型相对常见,影像学有一定的特征,但易与良性病变混淆。本文介绍作者遇到的孤立结节型4例,均经手术病理证实,探讨其影像     

High-resolution CT of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma has a wide spectrum of pathologic and radiologic appearances. Some of the radiologic features are characteristic enough to suggest the underlying pathologic changes. This article illustrates the various manifestations of bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma on high-resolution CT (1.5-mm collimation reconstructed with a high-spatial-frequency algorithm). Correlations between the CT and pathologic findings are included.     

细支气管肺泡癌的CT表现

目的:探讨细支气管肺泡癌的CT表现特点。方法:收集经手术或肺穿刺活检病理证实的细支气管肺泡癌25例,男性15,女性10例,年龄从39～74岁,平均55岁。均行螺旋CT检查,其中HRCT检查7例,增强扫描15例,根据临床、CT表现进行分析。结果:孤立结节型14例,结节中心距胸膜均小于3.1cm,病灶直径为1.4～3.5cm,CT表现有边缘光滑2例,呈分叶征6例,短毛刺征5例,胸膜凹陷征11例,含气支气管征6例,空泡征12例;炎症型或实变型5例,病变呈多个肺段或肺叶的炎症样实变,见支气管气相4例,以及蜂房状含气腔3例;弥漫结节型6例,弥漫分布粟粒状与结节状致密影,大小不等,分布不均。结论:细支气管肺泡癌影像表现复杂,需结合临床及多种影像检查结果,认真细致地综合分析,才能提高本病的诊断符合率。     

细支气管肺泡癌的CT主要征象探讨

目的:探讨细支气管肺泡癌CT表现特点与组织病理的相关性。方法:收集经手术或穿刺活检病理证实的细支气管肺泡癌30例,男14例,女16例,年龄40~75岁,平均62岁。采用螺旋CT增强17例,平扫13例。CT图像上观察病灶的部位、大小、密度分布、内部结构及边缘特征,并评价其征象与组织病理的相关性。结果:单发结节型18例,实变型9例,弥漫小结节型3例。单发结节型主要征象:胸膜牵引征9例(50%),磨玻璃征16例(88.8%),支气管征10例(55.5%),空泡征14例(77.7%)。实变型主要征象:枯树枝征6例(66.6%),蜂房征4例(44.4%),碎路石征3例(33.3%),血管造影征2例(22.2%),弥漫小结节型主要征象:两肺不对称、不均匀弥漫分布大小不等结节,结节融合倾向,伴有母瘤2例(66.6%)。结论:细支气管肺泡癌的影像表现复杂,对各型的征象深入细致地分析,可提高本病的诊断符合率。     

CT differentiation of solitary from diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

The therapy and prognosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma vary greatly with the solitary versus the diffuse form of the disease. Solitary disease demonstrates a high resectability rate with good long term prognosis. This contrasts with the rapidly fatal course associated with the diffuse form. To date, categorization of patients into either the solitary or the diffuse form has been based solely on conventional radiography. Multiple authors have reported cases of disease not demonstrated radiographically but discovered at surgery or autopsy. With the superiority of chest computed tomography (CT) for demonstrating parenchymal abnormalities, we propose that preoperative CT may be crucial in the workup of patients with presumed solitary bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma. Early identification of diffuse disease or confirmation of the presence of solitary disease by CT may allow the institution of proper therapy and better evaluation of patient prognosis.     

青年细支气管肺泡癌X线平片及CT表现分析

目的:研究青年细支气管肺泡癌的胸片与CT表现特征性和病理学发生基础及临床特点,提高对该病诊断认识水平。方法:回顾性对比分析24例。经纤支镜,穿刺活检,手术病理证实的细支气管肺泡癌的胸片及CT表现以及转移灶的特征表现,探讨各型病变的影像学特征。结果:根据大体病理及相对影像上病变形态和分布特点,可将细支气管肺泡癌分为孤立结节型5例占21%,多发结节型11例占46%,弥漫型8例占33%。其中孤立结节型相对特异型征象较多,如分叶征,支气管充气征,胸膜凹陷征;多发结节型;胸片表现为两肺中下叶棉球样征象,但CT显示为两肺弥漫多发结节状,碎路石征象,常伴有胸膜牵拉等征象;弥漫粟粒型:两肺中下叶呈粟粒样改变,部分病例有融合,实变现象,临床上易误诊为粟粒型肺结核,转移瘤或肺炎等疾病。另外,细支气管肺泡癌骨骼转移灶呈浸润性破坏,分布较广,以肋骨和锁骨侵犯为多见。结论:细支气管肺泡癌的影像表现复杂多样,对各型的征象表现进行深入细致地分析,结合临床特点,可提高对本病的诊断符合率。     

Lobar bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: "angiogram sign" on CT scans

The authors reviewed computed tomographic (CT) scans of 12 patients with lobar bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Seven patients had consolidation of the entire lobe, and five patients had segmental consolidation. After contrast material was administered intravenously, the consolidated lung typically appeared on the scan as an area of homogeneous low attenuation, within which were enhanced branching pulmonary vessels (the CT angiogram sign). To evaluate the specificity of this sign in the discrimination of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, CT scans of 26 patients who had lobar consolidation from other diseases were randomly mixed with the CT scans of 11 patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Two independent observers who were unfamiliar with the cases classified 10 and nine of the 11 patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, respectively, as positive for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma by applying the CT angiogram sign, and classified as negative 25 and 23 of the 26 patients without bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, respectively, for an overall specificity of 92.3%. The angiogram sign appeared on the CT scan because of the low-attenuating consolidation, which was caused by the production of mucin or other fluid and the intact bronchovascular framework within the tumor.     

细支气管肺泡癌的CT诊断(附21例分析)

细支气管肺泡癌(bronchioloalveolar carcino-ma,BAC)是肺部原发的恶性肿瘤,近年来发病率呈上升趋势,患者多见于非吸烟人群,女性人数增多,发病年龄明显低于非BAC腺癌患者[1],早期因缺乏明显的临床症状和特征性影像学表现,极易误诊而延误病情。本文收集并回顾性分析经病理证实的BAC患者21例,目的在于探讨各型的CT影像特点,现分析如下。1资料与方法本组21例,男13例,女8例,男女发病率之比1·6∶1,年龄35~72岁,平均54岁。主要症状为低热、乏力、咳嗽,以咳白色泡沫状痰为主,5例痰中带血,7例出现上腔静脉压迫征,8例有吸烟史,2例无任何临床症…     

实变型细支气管肺泡癌的CT表现及病理基础

目的:探讨实变型细支气管肺泡癌(BAC)的CT表现特点。方法:对13例经病理证实的实变型BAC的CT征像及其病理特征进行回顾性分析。结果:13例中,单发肺叶实变8例,多发肺叶或肺段实变3例,单发肺段实变2例;实变肺密度低于心肌8例,伴见血管造影征或血管高密度征7例、支气管气像征9例伴枯树枝征6例;实变肺周见蜂窝肺征9例,磨玻璃征7例,多发小结节2例;少量胸水1例,肺门淋巴结肿大及肺气囊腔各1例。13例中9例CT首诊误诊为肺炎,4例正确诊断。结论:实变肺密度低、蜂窝肺征、血管造影征尤其是血管高密度征、枯树枝征及多发腺泡结节是实变型BAC的主要CT表现特点;磨玻璃影是早期表现,但特异性不大;CT引导肺穿刺活检是较理想的确诊手段。     

大叶型细支气管肺泡癌CT表现的诊断价值

目的：探讨大叶性细支气管肺泡癌CT征像的特异性和诊断价值，方法：对21例病理证实的大叶型细支气管肺泡癌的CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果：叶，段性均匀性实变13例，蜂窝征6例，磨玻璃阴影2例，7例实变区内显示枯枝征，10例显示CT血管造影征，结论：叶，段性实变和磨玻璃阴影无特异性，蜂窝征具相对特异性，枯枝征，CT血管造影征具有特异性诊断价值。     

High-resolution CT findings of diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in 38 patients

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the high-resolution CT features of diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and determine the useful findings in differential diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High-resolution CT scans of 38 patients with pathologically proven diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma were reviewed. Sequential CT scans were obtained in 15 patients. The high-resolution CT findings were compared with those of eosinophilic pneumonia (n = 22), multiple pulmonary metastases (n = 12), and tuberculosis (bronchogenic: n = 22; miliary: n = 12). RESULTS: High-resolution CT findings of diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma included ground-glass opacity (n = 29), consolidation (n = 29), nodules (n = 28), centrilobular nodules (n = 26), peripheral distribution (n = 19), and air bronchogram (n = 18). According to the major features, high-resolution CT findings of diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma could be classified into three patterns: predominantly ground-glass (n = 4), consolidative (n = 22), and multinodular (n = 12). Most patients with diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma had a mixture of these findings. The frequency of findings of diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma on high-resolution CT was not different from that of tuberculosis, but the predominant distribution of the nodules and areas of ground-glass attenuation differed between the two. Difference in distribution between bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and bronchogenic tuberculosis included ground-glass opacity remote from the consolidation and a lower lung predominance. CONCLUSION: Although these high-resolution CT findings are not specific, the combination of consolidation and nodules and the coexistence of centrilobular nodules and remote areas of ground-glass attenuation are characteristic of diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.     

CT differentiation of pneumonic-type bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma and infectious pneumonia.

The objective was to analyse the potential of CT to distinguish pneumonic-type bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma (BAC) from infectious pneumonia. The study consisted of 21 patients with pathologically proven BAC and 30 patients with infectious pneumonia. Both groups of patients had patchy or diffuse consolidation of more than half the area of a lobe or lobes on CT. CT findings in these two groups were compared with regard to morphological appearance, including CT angiogram, air bronchogram, mucous bronchogram, contrast enhancement pattern, pseudocavitation, cavity with air-fluid level, location, satellite lesion, ground-glass opacity and bulging of the interlobar fissure. Air-filled bronchi were morphologically analysed as dilatation, stretching, sweeping, widening of the branching angle, squeezing and crowding. Lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion were also analysed. CT findings favouring the diagnosis of BAC included an air-filled bronchus within the consolidation with stretching, squeezing, sweeping, widening of the branching angle and bulging of the interlobar fissure (p<0.05). It is concluded that CT may be helpful in differentiating pneumonic-type BAC from infectious pneumonia if the air-filled bronchus within the consolidation shows stretching, squeezing, widening of the branching angle or bulging of the interlobar fissure.     

Lobar bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma

Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma has a variety of radiographic appearances. Usually it is a localized, well circumscribed nodule in the lung periphery. Nodules of various sizes that appear to coalesce in one or both lungs characterize a diffuse pattern of this disease. Occasionally, chronic lobar consolidation simulating a bacterial pneumonia may be seen. The clinical and radiographic course of eight patients whose bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma appeared initially as lobar consolidation was analyzed. Four tumors rapidly progressed to involved the opposite lung. Attempts should be made by radiographic and other means to establish inoperability, since surgery is rarely useful in this type of lung cancer.     

炎症型细支气管肺泡细胞癌与肺炎的CT征象对比分析

目的探讨炎症型细支气管肺泡细胞癌（BAC）与肺炎的CT征象特点,提高对两种疾病的鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性对比分析12例炎症型BAC及20例肺炎的CT征象。结果炎症型BAC主要分布于肺外带胸膜下,CT表现为磨玻璃样密度背景下的斑片状实变影,常伴空泡征、病理性含气支气管征及血管征、＂卫星＂腺泡结节、胸膜凹陷征及分叶征,一般无胸膜增厚;而肺炎常分布于中下肺叶,少见磨玻璃样密度、空泡征、病理性含气支气管征、分叶征及胸膜凹陷征,无＂卫星＂腺泡结节,慢性肺炎常可见邻近胸膜增厚。炎症型BAC与肺炎均不易引起肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大。结论 CT检查对炎症型BAC与肺炎的鉴别诊断可提供重要依据。     

Intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor: CT and pathologic correlation

Intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor of the lung is an unusual neoplasm that usually presents as multiple pulmonary nodules in asymptomatic young women. The course of the disease is often indolent with some patients eventually dying of respiratory failure secondary to progressive tumor infiltration of the pulmonary interstitium. The cell of origin appears to be an endothelial cell, and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of liver or other soft tissues is a pathologically identical neoplasm. Open lung biopsy is necessary for diagnosis. The radiologist should be aware of this tumor and suggest the diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting.     

细支气管肺泡癌^18F—FDG PET／CT显像的代谢和形态特征

目的分析细支气管肺泡癌（BAC）在^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT图像中的代谢和形态结构特征,并与非细支气管肺泡型腺癌（non—BAC AC）的显像结果进行比较,探讨PET／CT在BAC诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析经病理检查确诊的32例BAC及55例non—BAC AC的FDG PET／CT显像资料。测量病灶最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）,分析病灶位置、形态及边界、密度分布及其他典型CT结构征象。统计分析比较2组的平均SUVmax,评价与肿瘤分型有关的CT征象,比较单独PET、CT及PET和CT联合诊断的准确性。采用SPSS12．0软件对数据行t检验、McNemar检验、Fisher精确检验等。结果BAC组共47个病灶,non—BACAC组共63个病灶,组间SUVmax差异有统计学意义（1．51±0．17与6．28±3．04,t=-10．374,P〈0．0001）。BAC组纯磨玻璃密度影（45％的病灶,21／47）是相关的CT征象（Fisher精确检验,P〈0．0001）。结合PET代谢和CT解剖结构特征的联合诊断准确性与单独PET或CT对比,差异均有统计学意义（P=0．001和0．039）,诊断准确性分别为88％（28／32）、47％（15／32）和66％（21／32）。结论理解FDG PET／CT显像中BAC的代谢和形态结构特征,有利于提高诊断准确性。如动态观察中呈持续的CT磨玻璃密度影,即使低FDG摄取,也要考虑BAC可能。