中西医结合治疗风湿热证型类风湿性关节炎52例疗效观察

目的观察中西医结合治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床疗效。方法将104例类风湿性关节炎的患者随机分为治疗组52例和对照组52例,治疗组采用自拟方康痹汤配合甲氨喋呤片治疗,对照组采用美洛昔康片、甲氨喋呤片治疗。结果治疗组总有效率为94．2％,对照组总有效率仅为78．8％。两组比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论中西结合治疗类风湿性关节炎疗效显著,不良反应较少。     

中西医结合治疗活动期类风湿性关节炎56例

目的观察中西医结合治疗类风湿性关节炎的疗效。方法将102例活动期类风湿性关节炎患者随机分为两组,对照组（46例）予来氟米特、胸腺肽、英太青治疗;治疗组（56例）在对照组治疗基础上加用连虎地防汤,疗程均为15周。观察治疗前后临床症状及体征、红细胞沉降率、类风湿因子、免疫球蛋白的变化情况。结果治疗组显效22例,进步19例,有效12例,无效3例,总有效率为94．64％;对照组显效7例,进步12例,有效14例,无效13例,总有效率为71．74％。两组总有效率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论中西医结合治疗类风湿性关节炎疗效显著。     

二氟尼柳治疗类风湿性关节炎和退行性骨关节炎的临床研究

目的：评价二氟尼柳治疗类风湿性关节炎和退行性骨关节炎的临床疗效和安全性。方法：采用随机对照试验,选用各芬作为对照药。试验组共９４例,其中类风湿性关节炎５５例,退行性骨关节炎３９例。对照组共５８例,其中类风湿性关节炎３７例,退行性骨关节炎均有效,但二氟尼柳的疗效略优于布洛芬,治疗类风湿性关节炎总有效率分别为８７．２７％和８６．４９％,退行性骨关节炎总有效率分别为９４．８７％和７６．１９％,试验组和对     

中西医结合治疗类风湿性关节炎78例

目的观察中西医结合治疗风寒湿阻型类风湿性关节炎的临床疗效。方法将156例风寒湿阻型类风湿性关节炎患者随机分为2组,观察组用乌头汤结合西医治疗,对照组单纯用西医治疗,比较2组治疗效果。结果观察组总有效率88.0％,对照组总有效率61.6％。观察组明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论中西医结合治疗风寒湿阻型类风湿性关节炎的临床疗效好。     

独活寄生汤加减配合中药熏蒸治疗类风湿性关节炎临床观察

目的观察独活寄生汤加减配合熏蒸治疗类风湿性关节炎的疗效。方法将类风湿性关节炎患者80例随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例,对照组采用西药内服治疗,治疗组在此基础上采用独活寄生汤加减配合中药熏蒸治疗,2组疗程均20d;比较2组疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为95．0％,高于对照组的67．5％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论独活寄生汤加减配合中药熏蒸治疗类风湿性关节炎疗效好,不良反应少。     

自拟黄芪防己逐痹汤治疗类风湿性关节炎的疗效观察

目的应用中药“自拟黄芪防己逐痹汤”治疗类风湿性关节炎。方法将符合标准的类风湿性关节炎52例患者,随机分成两组,每组26例;治疗组服用“自拟黄芪防己逐痹汤”每日一剂,随症加减;对照组服用“地塞米松片”一次0．75mg,每日2次,两组分别用药1个月后,观察其临床治疗效果。结果治疗组总有效率为88．5％对照组总有效率为76．9％。结论治疗组明显高于对照组,并且疗效稳定。     

二乌离子导入液治疗膝关节骨关节炎疗效观察

对９５例膝关节骨性关节炎患者采用二乌离子导入液与超短波电疗法对照治疗,观察其疗效。结果：治疗组与对照组病程〈６个月者有效率分别为１００％和８７．５％和６个月－１年者分别为８６．４％和６９．２％〉１年者分别为８１．０％和６２．５％,总有效率分别为８８．０％和７３．３％,表明用二乌离子导入液的治疗膝关了骨性关节炎可获得显著疗效。     

克痹消肿退热汤寒热并用治疗类风湿性关节炎发热60例疗效观察

目的 分析类风湿性关节炎发热的特点，观察克痹消肿退热汤治疗类风湿关节炎发热的效果，明确中医药治疗类风湿性关节炎作用。方法治疗组60例诊断为类风湿关节炎发热的患者应用克痹消肿退热汤口服，1剂／d，连用30d．对照组60例患者服用萘普生片0．3g，2次／d，部分病人服用强的松(10—15mg／d)，连用30d。两组均服用甲氨蝶呤片10mg，1次／w。结果克痹消肿退热汤组近期控制率80％，显效率16．6％，无效率3．4％，总有效率96．6％；对照组分别为5％、60％、35％，总有效率65％。结论克痹消肿退热汤治疗类风湿性关节炎发热疗效好，副反应少，值得临床推广。     

自拟复方马钱子散治疗类风湿性关节炎42例

目的观察中药散剂治疗类风湿性关节炎属痰瘀互结型的疗效。方法选取80例活动期类风湿性关节炎（RA）属顽痹痰瘀互结型,患者随机分为两组,对照组（38例）予来氟米特、胸腺肽、萘普生治疗;治疗组（42例）用自拟复方马钱子散,每次6g,疗程为：24周。观察两组患者治疗前后临床症状体征,红细胞沉降率,类风湿因子,免疫球蛋白G、M、A的变化情况。结果治疗组显效25例,进步15例,总有效率为95．24％。对照组显效13例,进步19例,总有效率为84．21％,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论自拟复方马钱子散治疗类风湿性关节炎属旭痹痰瘀互结型疗效显著。     

立止血治疗65例出血患者分析

以立止血治疗６５例出血患者（血液病２５例，上消化道出血４０例）为观察组，以一般止血药治疗５０例出血患者为对照组；（１）观察组总有效率８９．２％，对照组决有效率７８．１％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。（２）血液病：观察组总有效率９２．０％，对照组总有效率６６．７％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。上消化道出血，观察组总有效率８７．５％，对照组总有效率７８．１％Ｐ〉０．０５。（３）观察组中４８例用药前后血小板计数，出，凝血功能基     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.