Genetic counseling of parents with children with clefts]

The elucidation of the aetiology of the individual case has proved to be of fundamental importance to the counselling interview as well as to the assessment of the risk for further affected children. Up to now, a genetic cause in the form of chromosomal or gene mutations can be assumed only if the cleft is related to a distinct syndrome. An isolated cleft obviously owes its origin to a combination of genetic and extrinsic factors. Consequently, the assessment of the risk of repetition is to a great extent based on empirical values.     

Evaluation of relapse with thermoplastic retainers equipped with microsensors

ObjectivesTo examine relapse with thermoplastic retainers equipped with microsensors 1 year after treatment.Materials and MethodsA total of 42 patients (29 females, 13 males) treated with four premolar extractions were included in this study. Thermoplastic appliances equipped with TheraMon microsensors (Handelsagentur Gschladt, Hargelsberg, Austria) were used to assess daily wear time (DWT), and the patients were monitored at 2-month intervals for a period of 12 months. At the end of the follow-up, the following two groups were formed based on the mean DWT: short wear time (SWT; <9 h/d) and long wear time (LWT; ≥9 h/d). Digital models were constructed before treatment (T0), at debonding (T1), and 6 months (T2) and 12 months (T3) after debonding. Little''s Irregularity Index (LII) and the intercanine and intermolar widths, arch lengths, overjet, and overbite were calculated based on the digital models. Data were analyzed statistically.ResultsIrregularity and overjet increased, whereas transverse measurements and arch lengths decreased with time in both groups. During the retention period, overbite decreased in the SWT group but increased in the LWT group. There were significant differences between groups only in mandibular irregularity. The LII values of the SWT group were significantly higher than those of the LWT group for the T1–T2 and T1–T3 time intervals (P < .05).ConclusionsA mean DWT less than 9 hours/day was inadequate for controlling irregularity within clinically acceptable limits. A wear time of at least 9 h/d is recommended for the maintenance of mandibular anterior alignment.     

中草药治疗三叉神经痛疗效观察

三叉神经痛是口腔科的常见疾病之一 ,其发病原因至今尚未完全明了。我们自 1995年开始用中草药方剂治疗原发性三叉神经痛患者 50例 ,经临床随访观察取得比较满意的效果 ,现报告如下。1　材料与方法1.1　病例资料本组病例共 50例 ,男性 15例 ,女性 35例。年龄最大者 82岁 ,平均年龄 57岁。疼痛分布区 ,发生在三叉神经第Ⅰ支者 4例 ,第Ⅱ支者 10例 ,第Ⅲ支者 18例 ,三支同时受累者 18例。病变部位在右侧者 2 8例 ,左侧者 2 2例。疼痛性质均为短暂的刀割样及撕裂样疼痛。疼痛持续时间在 3ｍｉｎ以内者 3例 ,超过 3ｍｉｎ者 12例 ,最长时间达 10…     

Management of a patient suffering with Cherubism with dental implants

Cherubism is a rare non-neoplastic, fibro-osseous hereditary disorder characterized by bilateral expansion of the maxilla and mandible producing a characteristic facial appearance. It can affect the facial and dental growth of the individual and often results in gross aesthetic and functional deficiencies. The teeth may also be displaced or submerged and these problems can often compromise successful restorative rehabilitation. This paper describes the restorative management of an adult patient with Cherubism involving a fixed implant retained mandibular restoration. The care utilized 3D planning software and implant insertion guides to facilitate an early loading protocol and the use of optimum bone quality/volume areas.     

下颌磁性附着体覆盖全口义齿患者满意度调查

目的调查患者对磁性附着体覆盖全口义齿临床效果的满意度。方法采用全口义齿满意度问卷对9例磁性附着体义齿患者进行调查分析并观察基牙临床情况。结果患者对磁性附着体义齿固位、稳定、咀嚼功能、语音功能、外观、舒适性、坚固性均较满意,以固位、稳定、外观的满意度为高;戴牙前后基牙的临床指标无明显变化。结论下颌磁性附着体覆盖全口义齿修复有效、可行。     

Apical seal of root canals with gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide

The objective of this research was to determine if gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] improve the apical seal after root canal filling and if the master point does it alone. Human single recently extracted teeth were biomechanically prepared and the root canals filled by the lateral condensation technique with ZOE and gutta-percha points, with or without calcium hydroxide. The teeth were placed into a 2% methylene blue solution in a vacuum environment for 24 h after which they were processed for stereomicroscope evaluation. Better results were observed with the teeth filled with gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide (p=0.01). We conclude that these new points make a better apical seal and that these results can also be obtained with the calcium hydroxide master point associated with regular ones (p=0.05).     

负载纳米羟磷灰石的结冷胶修复大鼠下颌骨缺损的效果评价

目的: 观察负载纳米羟磷灰石的结冷胶（GG/nHA）修复大鼠下颌骨缺损的效果。方法: 于16只SD大鼠下颌骨制备直径为5 mm的临界骨缺损,随机分为2组,实验组骨缺损区注入GG/nHA,对照组骨缺损区填充可吸收性明胶海绵。术后4周、8周处死大鼠,以Micro-CT定量分析骨组织愈合情况。苏木精-伊红（H-E）染色和马松（Masson）染色定性评估骨组织修复情况。采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 制备的GG/nHA具有良好的可注射性,可经注射器推出至骨缺损区。术后4周和8周,实验组缺损区的骨生成量及骨体积分数（BV/TV）均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。H-E染色和Masson染色均见实验组较对照组有更多新骨形成。结论: GG/nHA可以注射形式注入下颌骨缺损区,促进其愈合,有望成为微创修复口腔颌面部骨缺损的新型材料。     

Microleakage associated with retrofilling of the apical two thirds with amalgam

In this investigation the effect of increasing the thickness of amalgam retrofilling on its sealing ability was studied and compared with the sealing ability of the laterally condensed gutta-percha with a sealer. The apical two thirds of the canals of 118 upper central incisors, filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha, were sealed with amalgam. Amalgam retrofills were also used to seal the apices of the roots of six teeth that had no other filling in their canals. The effectiveness of both techniques was determined by their ability to inhibit the penetration of methylene blue dye for the periods of 24 hours, 1 week, and 1, 3, and 6 months. At 24 hours both materials showed comparable sealing ability. However, the sealing ability of laterally condensed gutta-percha was significantly better than that of amalgam from the 1-week period until the end of the study. The depth of marginal penetration around both materials increased with time. The amount of the dye penetration increased acutely around amalgam, whereas its increase around gutta-percha was more uniform. At the end of the study, specimens retrofilled with amalgam exhibited total dye penetration that exceeded the full thickness of amalgam (6 mm) and spread into the root canal space. On the other hand, the mean value for marginal penetration of the dye around the laterally condensed gutta-percha was 2.6 mm at the end of the study. The present investigation proved beyond doubt that the use of any thickness of retrograde amalgam to seal the apex, with no other filling within the canal, invites failure.     

Oral state of children with epilepsy on treatment with sodium valproate

Abstract – The aim of the study was, due to two recent reports about gingival and mucosal lesions, to survey the frequency of intraoral side effects in connection with sodium valproate treatment in epileptics. All patients on this drug treatment available at the University Hospital in Linköping, Sweden - in all 10 children, aged 8–14 - with absence seizures (simple petit mal), and treated for 1 to 4 yr, constituted a treatment group. Untreated age-matched, newly diagnosed epileptics constituted a comparison group. In each individual the oral hygiene state, gingival and periodontal condition, mucosal condition, caries prevalence, saliva secretion rate, salivary buffer capacity and lactobacillus count were estimated. The results revealed no divergences in the treated as compared with the untreated individuals which could be regarded as intraoral side effects deriving from the drug treatment     

Risk of fluorosis associated with infant formulas prepared with bottled water

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate fluoride (F) intake from infant formulas prepared with different brands of bottled water. METHODS: Fluoride concentrations in 4 samples of infant milk and soy-based formulas, commercially available in the United States, prepared with deionized water and 5 brands of bottled water, were determined after Hexamethyldisioxane (HMDS)-facilitated diffusion, in duplicate, using an F ion-specific electrode. Possible fluoride ingestion per killogram body mass was estimated, based on suggested volumes of formula consumption, for infants 1 and 12 months. RESULTS: Fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.076 to 0.214 ppm and 0.092 to 1.053 ppm for formulas prepared with deionized and bottled water, respectively. When prepared with deionized water, none of the formulas provided an F intake above the suggested threshold for fluorosis (0.07 mg F/kg/day). However, when prepared with some brands of bottled water containing 0.623 and 0.839 ppm, all of them did provide it. CONCLUSIONS: Some brands of bottled water usually marketed for infants and used to dilute infant formulas may increase fluoride concentrations beyond reccommended levels believed to lead to fluorosis.     

Retrospective study of children with hypophosphatasia with reference to dental changes

Abstract— In the present retrospective study different dental and medical parameters have been analyzed in 17 Swedish children with established hypophosphatasia (HP). It was demonstrated that the basis for the establishment of the diagnosis varied among different dentists and physicians, and that the diagnostic parameters studied among the children varied. The most reliable parameters for HP included raised levels of phosphoethanolamine in urine, and clinical and radiologic findings associated with the legs. These findings were found among the children more often than lowered values of alkaline phosphatase in serum. Histologic analysis of an extracted tooth made a valuable diagnostic complement. It is concluded that a better diagnostic uniformity is recommended. In a well functioning collaboration with well defined tasks, both dentists and physicians can contribute to a reliable diagnosis.