The use of angioplasty, bypass surgery, and amputation in the management of peripheral vascular disease

BACKGROUND. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has been adopted widely as a treatment for patients with peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremities. However, the effect of this procedure on the overall management of peripheral vascular disease and on the outcomes of patients has not been clearly delineated. In particular, it is not known whether angioplasty has replaced other treatments for peripheral vascular disease. METHODS. To assess the extent to which angioplasty is used and the associated changes in the surgical management of peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremities, we used data on hospital discharges in Maryland to identify all angioplasty procedures, peripheral bypass operations, and lower-extremity amputations performed for peripheral vascular disease in Maryland hospitals between 1979 and 1989. RESULTS. We estimated that from 1979 to 1989 the annual rate of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremities, adjusted for age and sex, rose from 1 to 24 per 100,000 Maryland residents (P less than 0.0001 by linear regression). Despite this increase in the use of angioplasty, the adjusted annual rate of peripheral bypass surgery also rose substantially, from 32 to 65 per 100,000 (P less than 0.001), whereas the adjusted annual rate of lower-extremity amputation remained stable at about 30 per 100,000. Total charges for hospitalizations during which a peripheral revascularization procedure was performed increased from $14.7 million in 1979 (in 1989 dollars) to $30.5 million in 1989. CONCLUSIONS. In Maryland, the adoption of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremities has been associated with an increase in the use of peripheral bypass surgery and with no decline in lower-extremity amputations. These results could be due to increased diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease, expanded indications for procedural interventions, or an increased number of repeat procedures performed in patients with peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremities.     

腹腔镜手术同时治疗腹股沟疝与精索静脉曲张的可行性研究

目的探讨腹腔镜手术同时治疗腹股沟疝与精索静脉曲张的可行性及预防其并发症发生的有效方法。方法选取宜昌市第二人民医院2014年1月至2018年12月共86例腹腔镜下同时行腹股沟疝修补术(TAPP)与精索静脉曲张手术的患者作为观察组,选取同时段96例分期行TAPP和精索静脉曲张手术的患者作为对照组,比较2组患者的手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、术中出血量、并发症发生率、复发率及患者满意度。结果观察组患者手术时间(45.5±12.8)min,住院时间(3±0.3)d,住院费用(3856±132.5)元;对照组患者手术时间(79.2±10.3)min,住院时间(5±0.7)d,住院费用(6018±743.6)元,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者术中出血量比较,2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组慢性疼痛发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其余并发症发生率比较,2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访3~18个月,2组满意度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论同时行腹股沟疝与精索静脉曲张腹腔镜手术安全可靠,有利于缩短患者住院时间,减少住院费用,具有较好的临床效果。     

手术学教学中提高动物犬重复利用率的体会

手术学教学肩负着传授基本知识和技能，帮助学生养成良好专业行为、职业态度，提高角色应变能力等综合素质培养的重任，其基本方式是通过动物手术的实习来实现，实验动物在这个过程中担任着极其重要的角色。本文就手术学教学中如何提高动物犬重复利用率探讨如下。     

大隐静脉重建颈动脉在头颈部恶性肿瘤手术治疗中的应用

目的 探讨大隐静脉在颈动脉重建手术中的应用以及对恶性肿瘤侵犯颈动脉的患者行颈动脉重建手术的临床疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性研究。纳入中国医学科学院肿瘤医院头颈外科2017年11月-2019年9月18例行肿瘤切除颈动脉重建的恶性肿瘤患者,其中男10例、女8例,年龄47～72(58.8±6.6)岁;甲状腺乳头状癌11例,头颈部鳞癌7例,其中5名患者在术前接受过放射治疗。完成综合术前检查后,术中完整切除肿物及受侵的部分颈动脉,并以自体大隐静脉重建颈动脉。观察患者术前颈部超声及颈部CT提示肿瘤包绕角度、下肢静脉超声所提示的大隐静脉情况及距汇入股静脉远心端5 cm处内径,手术时间、术中出血量、移植大隐静脉侧别、供体大隐静脉长度、术中颈动脉阻断时间、肿瘤包绕颈动脉角度、受体颈动脉吻合处内径,术后病理组织学检查结果、患者住院时间、重建血管的通畅情况、有无出现神经系统及下肢供区并发症,随访期间有无局部复发及远处转移病例。结果 术前超声探查及颈部CT示,18例患者大隐静脉在距汇入股静脉远心端5 cm处内径(0.53±0.14)cm;颈部CT扫描见肿瘤对颈动脉的包绕角度均超过180°,其中超过270° 15例、全部包绕颈动脉9例。术中大隐静脉取材长度(7.3±1.1)cm,取用左侧大隐静脉9例、右侧大隐静脉9例。颈动脉近心端吻合处均为颈总动脉,内径(0.74±0.06)cm;远心端吻合处位于颈总动脉14例,颈内动脉4例,内径(0.71±0.17)cm。术中颈动脉阻断时间(640±117)s。术中观察颈动脉受侵角度190°～360°(317°±56°),与术前影像学检查一致。18例患者手术时间4～6 h,术中出血200～500 mL,住院时间7～28 d(平均13.13 d)。术后病理提示侵犯颈动脉血管壁组织13例。术后随访时间3～24个月,平均11.06个月。18例中,死亡2例、局部复发1例,余15例无瘤生存;术后颈动脉CT血管成像示重建血管均通畅,未见移植血管破裂、感染、狭窄及假性动脉瘤形成,供区下肢均未见水肿、跛行等血液循环障碍并发症。结论 在头颈部肿瘤患者的颈动脉重建手术中,大隐静脉具有易于取材、移植物感染率低等优势,同时该手术能在低神经系统并发症风险下安全、完整地切除肿瘤,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜手术治疗小儿食管裂孔疝的效果分析

目的:探讨腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补+Nissen胃底折叠术治疗小儿食管裂孔疝的可行性及临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2007年3月—2020年3月南京医科大学附属儿童医院小儿胸心外科收治的57例食管裂孔疝患儿的临床资料,其中男35例、女22例,年龄为2～97(17±4.17)个月。依据解剖分型标准,Ⅰ型46例,Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型4...     

Anatomical basis of an original pedal approach to the great saphenous vein for surgery

Varicose vein repair often necessitates a distal approach to the great saphenous vein (GSV). The classic method involves a medial pre-malleolar approach. We propose a more distal approach via the medial surface of the foot where there is a cutaneous landmark, which can be used to locate the GSV in a simple, reliable and reproducible fashion. In 20 cadaveric feet, we dissected out the GSV exploiting the above-mentioned cutaneous landmark. We then extended the dissection up as far as the medial pre-malleolar region (from where the GSV is classically approached) in order to be able to compare the diameter of the vein at the two different points (in the foot and in the pre-malleolar region). We also compared the cutaneous landmark with ultrasonographic location of the GSV in 22 feet of healthy subjects. Both dissections and ultrasound examinations demonstrated the reliability of the cutaneous landmark. Moreover, no significant difference was detected in the diameter of the GSV at the two different approach points. This original distal approach to the GSV requires only minor modifications of current practice for varicose veins surgical treatment.     

《医用物理学》教材插图的设计

本文尝试应用Excel 2000设计<医用物理学>教材插图,并通过几个实例探讨了使用Excel设计物理学插图的方法和技巧.     

Mechanical and histological characterization of the abdominal muscle. A previous step to modelling hernia surgery

The aims of this study are to experimentally characterize the passive elastic behaviour of the rabbit abdominal wall and to develop a mechanical constitutive law which accurately reproduces the obtained experimental results. For this purpose, tissue samples from New Zealand White rabbits 2150±50?(g) were mechanically tested in vitro. Mechanical tests, consisting of uniaxial loading on tissue samples oriented along the craneo-caudal and the perpendicular directions, respectively, revealed the anisotropic non-linear mechanical behaviour of the abdominal tissues. Experiments were performed considering the composite muscle (including external oblique-EO, internal oblique-IO and transverse abdominis-TA muscle layers), as well as separated muscle layers (i.e.,?external oblique, and the bilayer formed by internal oblique and transverse abdominis). Both the EO muscle layer and the IO-TA bilayer demonstrated a stiffer behaviour along the transversal direction to muscle fibres than along the longitudinal one. The fibre arrangement was measured by means of a histological study which confirmed that collagen fibres are mainly responsible for the passive mechanical strength and stiffness. Furthermore, the degree of anisotropy of the abdominal composite muscle turned out to be less pronounced than those obtained while studying the EO and IO-TA separately. Moreover, a phenomenological constitutive law was used to capture the measured experimental curves. A Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm was used to fit the model constants to reproduce the experimental curves.     

Feasibility study of hernia surgery in a general practice setting.

BACKGROUND: In the early 1990s, waiting times for some surgical procedures and opinions for such routine problems as groin hernia repair were unacceptably long. General practitioners with a special interest (GPwSIs) in general surgery may improve this, but little evidence exists as to whether such service developments may improve efficiency and effectiveness of care. AIMS: To reduce the waiting time by offering a surgical service from a general practice setting without compromising on quality and safety of patient care. DESIGN OF STUDY: Feasibility study. SETTING: One general practice and the patient population of northwest Norfolk. METHODS: A GPwSI whose special interest was in general surgery started offering a surgical service, including open hernia repair, from a purpose-built operating theatre within general practice premises. RESULTS: Four thousand, nine hundred and sixty-five surgical procedures, including 286 inguinal hernia repairs, were performed. Quality and safety of patient care were not compromised and the waiting time was reduced from 18 months to 4 months. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to perform open inguinal hernia repairs in a general practice setting.     

101例心脏大血管手术体外循环策略

目的探讨心脏大血管手术体外循环方法及管理经验,为心脏大血管手术顺利完成提供保障。方法我中心从2002年5月至2010年12月行各类心脏大血管手术101例,根据不同病变位置、程度和手术方式选择不同的体外循环插管和转流方法。结果体外循环转流平均时间（196.7±51.2）min,阻断主动脉平均时间（136.5±58.8）min,深低温停循环平均时间（45.3±16.9）min。术中或术毕使用人工肾进行超滤92例,滤出液体370～2 900 mL。死亡11例（10.9%）,包括低心排出量7例,呼吸循环衰竭2例,凝血障碍1例,心跳骤停1例。其余患者恢复良好,痊愈出院,无神经、精神功能障碍与体外循环相关的并发症。结论正确的体外循环转流方法和插管位置是心脏大血管手术成功的前提和保障,术中重要脏器的保护是减少并发症的关键。     

超普疝装置和普理灵疝装置修补腹股沟疝的对比

背景：重量型普理灵疝装置作为腹膜前间隙修补技术之一,在国内外已得到广泛应用,但有部分患者修补后出现疼痛、异物感。 目的：探讨超普疝装置在腹股沟疝无张力修补中的应用价值。 方法：选择2008-02/2010-12在广西医科大学第四附属医院普外科择期行单侧开放腹膜前腹股沟疝修补患者155例,根据使用修补装置不同分为超普疝装置组(n=79)和普理灵疝装置组(n=76),所有患者于术后3,6及12个月时进行随访。 结果与结论：2组在手术时间、住院时间及发生并发症比例接近(P > 0.05)。随访12个月,2组均未见复发病例。超普疝装置组患者术后疼痛评分与普理灵疝装置组接近(P > 0.05)。但超普疝装置组异物不适感患者明显少于普理灵疝装置组(P <   0.05)。说明超普疝装置腹股沟疝修补后患者局部异物不适感更轻,生活质量更高。      

52例大血管手术中的自体血液回收应用分析

目的探讨自体血液回收（ICS）技术在大血管外科手术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2011年52例大血管病外科手术。自体血液回收（ICS）技术在大血管外科手术中的应用,其中StanfordA型夹层动脉瘤17例,Marfan综合征10例,升主动脉瘤15例,腹主动脉瘤6例,先天性主动脉缩窄或主动脉弓离断4例。所有患者术中全程使用ICS系统,记录回收术中失血量及洗涤红细胞（WRBC）量,随机检测WRBC与库存悬浮红细胞（BRBC）的血气及活化凝血时间（ACT）,统计各类患者围术期用血量并与2010年同类病例进行比较。结果全组病例回收术中失血、渗血612-10058mL,平均3199mL,获得WRBC130-1645mL,平均647mL;各类大血管患者回收失血量、WRBC量比较相差不显著（P〉0．05）;WRBC与BRBC血气比较相差显著（P〈0．01）,ACT值无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;与2010年同类患者相比较减少40％异体血输入量（P〈0．05）。结论大血管外科手术中应用ICS系统具有良好的临床效果,是节约用血、减少库血输入的可靠方法,可常规使用。