HPLC法测定倍他米松软膏中倍他米松的含量

以高效液相色谱法测定倍他米松软膏中倍他米松的含量 ,在C1 8柱上以甲醇 -水为流动相 ,用外标法定量 ,方法回收率为99 .65 % ,RSD =0 .89% (n =9)。     

倍他米松乳膏的稳定性及有效期预测

目的:研究及预测倍他米松乳膏的稳定性与有效期。方法:以高效液相色谱法测定倍他米松的含量,分别用初均速法和强光照射法对倍他米松乳膏进行稳定性试验。结果:倍他米松检测浓度线性范围为0·25~8μg/ml(r=0·9991),平均回收率为98·56%(RSD=0·78%);其含量与温度相关性较大,光照的影响不明显。结论:倍他米松乳膏宜于常温阴凉处保存,预测有效期为1y。     

HPLC同时测定新复霜中氯霉素和倍他米松的含量

目的　建立新复霜中氯霉素和倍他米松的含量测定方法。方法　采用HPLC法 ,色谱柱为 μBondapakC18(10 μm ,3.9mm×30 .0mm) ,流动相为甲醇 - 0 .0 2 5mol·L-1NaH2 PO4(6 5∶35 ) ,检测波长 2 4 0nm ,流速 1 2ml·min-1,柱温 4 5℃ ,灵敏度 0 .0 2AUFS。结果　氯霉素的线性范围为 2 0 0 .0～ 5 0 0 .0mg·L-1,平均回收率为 10 .3 2 % (RSD为 0 . 83%～ 2 .17% ) ;倍他米松的线性范围为2 1.0～ 5 2 .5mg·L-1,平均回收率为 10 0 .8% (RSD为 1.11%～ 2 .6 4 % )。结论　所用方法简便、准确 ,适合新复霜的质量控制。     

旋光法快速测定倍他米松磷酸钠注射液的含量

目的 :建立倍他米松磷酸钠注射液的含量测定方法。方法 :以水为溶剂 ,采用旋光度测定法测定。结果 :倍他米松磷酸钠在 0 .5～ 10 mg/ ml浓度范围内与旋光度值呈良好线性关系 ,回归方程为 :C =10 .8814×α - 0 .0 979( r =0 .9995 ) ,平均回收率 :99.4 % ,RSD=1.0 1%。结论 :该方法简便 ,快速 ,准确。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光度法测定二丙酸倍他米松中铬含量

目的:建立微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光度法测定二丙酸倍他米松中铬含量的方法。方法:采用微波消解法对二丙酸倍他米松样品进行消解,通过石墨炉程序升温法在波长357.9 nm下进行含量测定。结果:回归方程A=0.024983C+0.003,r=0.998 9,线性范围为0～40 ng/mL;方法检测限为0.012 mg/kg,定量限为0.036 mg/kg;平均回收率为102.0%(n=6)。结论:该方法检测二丙酸倍他米松中铬含量灵敏、准确、可靠。     

HPLC法测定倍他米松软膏中倍他米松的含量

以高效液相色谱法测定倍他米松软膏中倍他米松的含量,在C18柱上以甲醇-水为流动相,用外标法定量,方法回收率为99.65% ,RSD=0.89%(n=9).     

分光光度法测定倍他米松搽剂的含量

目的 建立了用分光光度法测定倍他米松搽剂中倍他米松的含量.方法 样品经过显色后,采用分光光度法在415 nm波长处测定.结果 倍他米松在20～60 μg·mL-1范围内有良好的线性关系(r=1.000),平均回收率为101.2%(n=9),RSD为1.0%.结论 该方法简便、准确、快速,可用于倍他米松搽剂中倍他米松的含量测定.     

倍他米松新霉素软膏治疗限局性亚急性湿疹的临床研究

目的 :评价倍他米松新霉素软膏治疗湿疹的疗效和安全性。方法 :选择限局性亚急性湿疹患者进行随机双盲、平行组对照临床试验研究 ,选择新氢松软膏进行对照。结果 :共入选病例 4 5例 ,其中试验组 2 3例 ,对照组 2 2例。试验组用药后总积分由用药前 12 .3± 2 .4下降至 5 .6± 2 .2 (第 1wk)和 2 .8± 2 .1(第 2wk) ,明显优于对照组 [13.2± 2 .3(用药前 ) ,9.2± 3.7(第 1wk) ,6 .8± 3.5 (第 2wk) ],经秩和检验有显著性差异P <0 .0 1) ;试验组总有效率86 .96 % (2 0 2 3例 ) ,高于对照组 31.82 % (7 2 2例 )(P <0 .0 1)。两组均无药物相关性局部及全身不良反应。结论 :倍他米松新霉素软膏外用治疗亚急性湿疹 ,与新氢松软膏对照组比较 ,总体疗效试验组明显优于对照组 ,且耐受性好     

复方倍他米松擦剂的制备及临床疗效观察

目的　制备复方倍他米松擦剂 ,观察临床疗效。 方法 　将倍他米松等制成擦剂 ,建立质量控制方法 ,进行临床疗效观察 ,并分析处方 ,探讨注意事项及禁忌症。 结果　临床应用总显效率 45 .16%,哈西奈德组 2 8.5 7%,两组差异具显著性 ( P<0 .0 5 )。 结论 　本品制备工艺简单 ,对治疗神经性皮炎疗效确切     

倍他米松二甲基亚砜酊中倍他米松的含量测定

目的建立倍他米松酊的含量测定方法。方法通过水浴蒸干排除二甲基亚砜的干扰，用紫外分光光度法测定倍他米松的含量。结果倍他米松浓度在3．0—36．0μg／mL范围内与吸收度有良好的线性关系（r=0．9999），平均回收率为99．79％，RSD为1．04％。结论紫外分光光度法准确可靠，可作为倍他米松酊中倍他米松含量的测定方法。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.