叶枯灵在大鼠尿内的代谢产物分析

大鼠ig叶枯灵后,用HPLC和TLC分离纯化尿提取液中的叶枯灵及其代谢产物,得到六个组分,经MS和UV初步鉴定为叶枯灵,苯甲酸,马尿酸和三个新化合物:肼叉-1.3-二噻茂烷,乙酰肼叉-1.3-二噻茂烷和丙酮酸缩肼叉-1.3-二噻茂烷,通过对代谢物的化学合成,进一步确证了它们的化学结构。     

2-苯甲酰肼叉-1,3-二噻茂烷在大鼠原位灌流肝中的代谢动力学

采用反相高压液相色谱的三内标三波长切换技术对不同剂量的农药2-苯甲酰肼叉-1.3二噻茂烷在大鼠原位灌流肝中的代谢动力学进行了研究.结果表明,该农药经门静脉进入大鼠原位灌流肝后,很快分布于肝脏中,而在灌流肝中的消除过程较缓慢。随着给药剂量的增加,大鼠肝灌流液中各种代谢产物的生成量也逐渐增加,尤以肼叉1.3-二噻茂烷和苯甲酸生成量的增加更为显著.可见,该农药在大鼠原位灌流肝中的主要代谢途径为水解作用。     

兔血中叶枯灵的代谢产物的分离和鉴定

本文用 RP-HPLC 法从染毒兔血中分离出叶枯灵的两个代谢产物。用标准品核对色谱行为,再经质谱鉴定,证实保留时间 tr=8.07±0.15min,为苯甲酸 S-氧-N-1,3-二噻茂烷酰肼(Benzoicacid s-oxo-N-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene hydrazide)。保留时间 tr=16.69±0.10min,为苯甲酸(benzoic acid)。     

苯酰肼叉二噻茂烷的显性致死试验

<正> 2-苯酰肼叉-1,3-二噻茂烷(2-benzoyl-hydrazonol-1,3-dithiolane,BHD)是一种新的有机硫杀菌剂,对防治水稻白叶枯病比较有效。为了解其对生殖细胞的可能致突变作用,进行了显性致死试验。 实验选用?昆明种小鼠,体重33—44g。每组10只。染毒组分别ig 4.1,12.3和36.9     

农药叶枯灵对大鼠离体灌流肝的影响

农药叶枯灵是一种新型高效有机硫杀菌剂,其化学名为2-苯酰肼叉-1,3噻茂烷,对水稻白叶枯病的防治效果良好,华西医科大学对其毒性已进行了研究(见华西医科大学成立75周年获奖论文集1985;173)。本研究用灌流肝实验模型,对灌流肝流出液的酶活性及Na~+、K~+浓度进行探讨,为代谢研究提供实验资料。     

多噻烷代谢产物的分离与鉴定

采用ＨＰＬＣ、ＧＣ和ＧＣ－ＭＳ对新农药多噻烷灌胃大鼠尿中主要代谢产物进行分离鉴定，结果表明，多噻烷经脱硫作用转化为杀虫环与杀蚕毒素，然后进一步发生甲基结合、氧化及脱甲基反应。共分离鉴定出５种代谢产物。     

N,N-二甲基-1,2,3-三噻烷-5-胺草酸盐经大鼠肝微粒体的代谢

以大鼠肝微粒体为代谢模型,对沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂-易卫杀(N N-二甲基-1,2,3-三噻烷-5-胺草酸盐)进行了体外代谢观察,结果表明易卫杀经大鼠肝微粒体的代谢速率较快,其主要代谢产物有N,N-二甲基-1,2-二硫环戊烷-4胺(a,沙蚕毒素);N,N-二甲基-1,3双(甲亚磺酰基)-2-丙胺(b);N-甲基-1,2-二硫环戊烷-4-胺(c);硫磺聚合物(d)及甲基氨基丙烷(f),可能的代谢途径为:易卫杀脱掉一个硫原子变成沙蚕毒素;沙蚕毒素脱甲基生成脱甲基产物;沙蚕毒素甲基化后进一步生成N,N-二甲基-1,3-双(甲亚磺酰基)-2-丙胺。     

应用HPLC同时测定大鼠尿中N,N-二(正丁基)阿霉素-14-戊酸酯及其8种代谢产物(英文)

目的,同时测定大鼠尿中N,N-二(正丁基)阿霉素-14-戊酸酯及其8种代谢产物 方法:建立了一种反相高压液相色谱法,大鼠iv 20mg·kg~(-1)原药后,其尿直接进样.梯度洗脱,荧光检测.结果:原药最低检出量2 ng,代谢物1—3 ng.被检物不受尿成分干扰.72 h尿中总葸环荧光信号仅为剂量的4.9％,其中主要为脱酰基以及N-脱丁基代谢物.6种次要代谢物包括苷元以及13—酮基还原性代谢物等,但未检出葡萄糖醛酸结合物.结论:本法简便易行,灵敏度高,特异性强。     

液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱法研究人尿中1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸的代谢产物

目的 研究健康受试者口服1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸后尿液中的代谢产物.方法 健康受试者每人口服1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸600 mg,收集0-24 h的尿样,经C_(18)小柱固相萃取纯化后,用液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱联用技术对人尿中的代谢产物进行分析鉴定.结果 在人尿中发现了1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸的甲基化、葡萄糖醛酸化及甲基-葡萄糖醛酸化代谢产物共28个.其中,有2个代谢产物结构经标准品对照得到确证.结论 甲基化、葡萄糖醛酸化和异构化反应是1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸在人体内的3种重要代谢途径.     

不同剂量染料木黄酮及其代谢产物在大鼠尿中的排泄

目的:研究不同剂量染料木黄酮及其葡萄糖醛酸化代谢产物在大鼠尿中的排泄动力学。方法:将染料木黄酮制成混悬液,按6.25、12.5、50mg.kg-1给大鼠灌胃,于灌胃后不同时间收集尿液,用葡萄糖醛酸酶溶液处理尿液。采用高效液相色谱法测定尿液中染料木黄酮及其葡萄糖醛酸化代谢产物的浓度。结果:6.25、12.5、50 mg.kg-1时,累积以原形经尿液排泄的药物分别为34.79±10.83、187.30±69.96和213.56±30.58μg,累积经尿液排泄的总药物(原形药物+葡萄糖醛酸化药物)分别为217.79±52.06、583.05±106.92和1108.37±88.14μg,累积经尿液排泄的葡萄糖醛酸化代谢产物分别占尿液排泄总量的84.03%、67.88%和80.73%。结论:染料木黄酮在大鼠尿液中主要以葡萄糖醛酸结合形式排泄,原形及其葡萄糖醛酸化代谢产物的排泄呈现明显的非线性剂量依赖性特征。     

农药叶枯灵在大鼠原位灌流肝中的代谢研究

采用反相HPLC、TLC、UV、IR和MS对农药叶枯灵经大鼠原位灌流肝代谢后所形成的代谢产物进行分离和鉴定。结果表明,叶枯灵在大鼠肝脏中进行了广泛的代谢,包括S-氧化作用、水解作用、丙酮酸缩合作用和乙酰化作用,共分离鉴定出5种代谢产物。     

含硫杀菌药叶枯灵代谢产物的合成

This paper reports the synthesis of the metabolites．1,3-dfthiolan-2-ylidenehydrazine(I)，acetic acid 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenehydrazide(II)，pyruvic acid 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenehydrazone(III)and benzoic acid l，3-dithiolan-2-ylidenehydrazide-S-oxide(IV)of yekuling，a new sulfurorganic fungicide(benzoic acid 1，3-dithiolan-2-ylidenehydrazide)．The structures of all the compounds synthesized were characterized by elemental analysis，IR，UV，MS and ¹HNMR spectra．     

Felbamate metabolism in the rat, rabbit, and dog.

Two major and one minor metabolite of felbamate (FBM) as well as unchanged drug were isolated and identified by electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry from rat and dog urine after dosing with [14C]FBM. The metabolites were 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate (p-OHF), 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate, and 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol monocarbamate. The metabolites and FBM were excreted mainly in urine, where their sum accounted to 81-94% of the radioactivity in hydrolyzed rat urine samples, 71-82% in rabbit urine samples, and 69-83% in dog urine samples. The amount of metabolites in the conjugated form was estimated to be 20-35% in rat, 20-30% in rabbit, and 10-20% in dog urine. The major biliary metabolite in all three species was p-OHF, whereas the amount of FBM was small. Metabolites found in dog feces were the same as those in the urine.     

Comparative metabolism of the renal carcinogen 1,4-dichlorobenzene in rat: Identification and quantitation of novel metabolites

1. The metabolism of 1,4-dichlorobenzene has been studied in the male and female Fisher 344 rat over 72 h after oral administration of ¹⁴C-1,4-dichlorobenzene (900 mg = 96.8 μCi/kg). No covalent binding of radioactivity could be detected in samples of liver, kidney, lung and spleen. The major route of excretion was with urine accounting for 41.3% of the dose for male and 37.8% of the dose for female rat within 72 h after dosing.

2. Urinary metabolites of 1,4-dichlorobenzene were identified and quantified. The major metabolites identified in the urine of both the male and female rat, were the sulphate and glucuronide of 2,5-dichlorophenol. Minor amounts of 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone were excreted as an unidentified conjugate.

3. 2-(N-acetyl-cysteine-S-yl)- 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 2-(N-acetyl-cysteine-S-yl)-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1,3-hydroxy-1,4-dichlorobenzene were minor metabolites excreted in the urine of both sexes.

4. A novel biotransformation pathway for 1,4-dichlorobenzene may be postulated, leading to the urinary excretion of a mercapturic acid of chlorophenol.

5. No marked differences in the distribution and excretion of metabolites of 1,4-dichlorobenzene were observed between the male and female Fisher 344 rat.     

Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of 1,3-dinitrobenzene in the rat and the hamster.

Recent studies have documented that the Sprague-Dawley rat is markedly more sensitive than the Golden Syrian hamster to 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB)-induced testicular toxicity and methemoglobinemia. The present studies have investigated the possibility that differences in 1,3-DNB metabolism and pharmacokinetics could explain this species difference. [14C]1,3-DNB (25 mg/kg, ip) was administered to both species at a dose known to induce a testicular lesion in the rat and levels of 1,3-DNB and its metabolites were measured in blood and urine. Elimination of 1,3-DNB from the blood was initially rapid, followed by a second, much slower phase. Peak blood levels of 1,3-DNB were very different between the two species, with the hamster reaching levels only one-half those found in the rat (46.3 vs. 99.5 nmol/ml, respectively). Administration of a 50-mg/kg dose to the hamster resulted in 1,3-DNB blood levels which were similar to those found in the rat at 25 mg/kg. Since no obvious testicular toxicity is apparent in the hamster even at the higher dose level, a direct effect of 1,3-DNB on the testes seems unlikely, although it is possible that hamster cells inherently lack sensitivity to toxicity. Other major differences between the two species were a more rapid initial elimination rate and much higher blood levels of nitroaniline in the rat. Analysis of urinary metabolites revealed that the rat excreted more unconjugated metabolites and less phenolic metabolites compared with the hamster. Overall, the data indicate that the capacity to form reductive metabolites may play an important role in susceptibility to toxicity.     

Major routes of naftifine biotransformation in laboratory animals and man

Following dermal or oral administration to laboratory animals and man (E)-N-methyl-N-(1-naphthylmethyl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-amine- hydrochloride (naftifine), the antifungal constituent of Exoderil, is quantitatively biotransformed into, and excreted as metabolites devoid of antifungal activity. The structures of 15 metabolites were elucidated. In rat urine and bile these metabolites represent 70% of the orally absorbed dose. The biotransformation routes are: N-dealkylation, oxidation or reduction of the aldehyde intermediates from a) to the corresponding carboxylic acid- or alcohol-type metabolites, arene oxide formation in the phenyl- and naphthalene moieties of Naftifine, and conjugation, mainly with glucuronic acid and glycine. Similar metabolite patterns were obtained after oral and parenteral administration. The same pathways of naftifine biotransformation were observed in all species investigated, i.e. in man, rat, dog, rabbit and guinea pig, the last two species most closely resembling to man with respect to overall kinetics and urinary metabolite pattern.     

Isolation and identification of the polar metabolites of chlorpheniramine in the dog

The metabolites of chlorpheniramine were isolated from dog urine. After daily repeated dosing with chlorpheniramine, [methylene-14C]chlorpheniramine maleate was given as a tracer and urine was collected until less than 1% of the labeled dose was excreted daily. An average of 54% of the oral radioactive dose was recovered in the urine. In addition to the N-demethylated metabolites, one very polar metabolite accounting for about 18% and two less polar metabolites accounting for a total of about 30% of the total urine radioactivity were isolated. Hydrolysis studies of the most polar metabolite indicated that it was a conjugate, though not a glucuronide or sulfate. The metabolite identified after hydrolysis was 3-(p-chlorobenzyl)-3-(2-pyridyl)propionic acid. One of the two less polar metabolites was identified as the corresponding alcohol. The least abundant metabolite could not be identified.     

Absorption, metabolism, and disposition of 1,3-diphenyl-1-triazene in rats and mice after oral, i.v., and dermal administration.

1,3-Diphenyl-1-triazene (DPT) is used in the synthesis of polymers and dyes, and has been found as an impurity in the color additives D&C Red 33 and FD&C Yellow 5. [(14)C]DPT, randomly labeled in the phenyl rings, was used to investigate its disposition in rodents. Dermal doses to rats and mice (2 and 20 mg/cm(2)) were poorly absorbed (相似文献