C反应蛋白与心房颤动的关系

目的探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)作为系统炎症因子在心房颤动发生和发展中的作用。方法入选98例患者将其分为正常对照组(n=34),阵发性心房颤动组(n=31)和持续性心房颤动组(n=33),比较各组CRP水平。结果心房颤动组CRP水平(18.5±4.4)mg/L比正常对照组(4.1±1.3)mg/L高,P<0.01;在心房颤动组中持续性心房颤动组血清中CRP(20.2±5.4)mg/L高于阵发性心房颤动组(15.5±4.0)mg/L,P<0.01;阵发性心房颤动组(20.2±5.4)mg/L高于正常对照组(4.1±1.3)mg/L,P<0.01。不同原因引起的心房颤动CRP不同,冠心病最高,其次为高血压,心肌病最低。结论CRP在心房颤动患者明显升高,其代表的炎症状态在心房颤动的发生和持续中起一定作用。     

盐酸安他唑啉联合胺碘酮治疗老年人阵发性心房颤动的临床疗效

目的比较盐酸安他唑啉联合胺碘酮与单用胺碘酮对老年人阵发性心房颤动(房颤)患者维持窦性心律的疗效。方法入选服用其他抗心律失常药物无效的老年阵发性房颤患者127例,停用抗心律失常药物后,随机分为盐酸安他唑啉联合胺碘酮组(联合组,n=64)和单用胺碘酮组(胺碘酮组,n=63),观察2个月后,房颤控制情况和1年后房颤复发情况。结果治疗1年后联合组房颤复发率[15例(23.4%)]明显低于胺碘酮组[23例(36.5%)](P均<0.05)。联合组复查LVEF[(75.1±6.7)%]比胺碘酮组高[(72.3±6.6)%]和左心房大小[(40±5)mm]比[(38±4)mm],但差异未达统计学意义(P均>0.05),但与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗过程中两组药物不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论盐酸安他唑啉联合胺碘酮对老年阵发性心房颤动患者的窦性心律维持长期效果优于胺碘酮单用。     

阵发性房颤患者环肺静脉消融术前术后心率变异性变化及其与复发的关系

目的:探讨阵发性房颤(PAF)患者环肺静脉消融术前后心率变异性(HRV)的动态改变及其与术后复发的关系。方法:选择行左房环肺静脉电隔离射频消融术治疗阵发性房颤的患者108例,根据术后3d和3个月的12导联动态心电图分为房颤早期复发组(10例)、晚期复发组(21例)和无复发组(77例)。随访并比较各组患者HRV的变化。结果:与射频术前比较,射频术后3d未复发组24h正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)、24h每5min正常RR间期平均值标准差(SDANN)、相邻正常RR间期差值的均方根(rMSSD)、低频(LF)、高频(HF)均显著降低;早期复发组术后平均心率显著增加,SDNN、LF、LF/HF显著降低(P<0.05或<0.01);与未复发组比较,早期复发组平均心率[(69.3±11.2)次/min比(75.4±14.0)次/min]、SDANN[(66.9±25.7)ms比(137.5±92.3)ms]、rMSSD[(22.1±10.6)ms比(46.2±19.2)ms]、LF[(233.1±31.4)ms比(251.7±17.3)]、HF[(228.0±82.4)ms^2比(508.0±13.5)ms^2]显著增加,LF/HF[(1.13±0.53)ms^2比(0.41±0.13)ms^2]降低更显著(P<0.05或<0.01);与未复发组比较,晚期复发组rMSSD[(23.9±11.10)ms^2比(52.0±28.7)ms^2]和HF[(344.4±103.2)ms^2比(482.1±100.6)ms^2]明显升高,LF/HF[(1.16±0.41)比(0.85±0.43)]明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:降低迷走神经张力,可能会减少阵发性房颤患者环肺静脉消融术后的复发。     

阿托伐他汀对急性冠脉综合征患者血清高敏C反应蛋白和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A水平的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀干预对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A(PAPP-A)水平的影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定不稳定型心绞痛患者(UAP,n=37)、急性心肌梗死患者(AMI,n=24)、稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP,n=29)和健康体检者(n=32)的hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平。同时将ACS患者(包括UAP和AMI组,n=61)随机分为常规治疗组(n=30)和阿托伐他汀干预组(阿托伐他汀10mg/d,n=31),并于治疗前后分别测定血清hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平。结果(1)hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平在UAP组[(16.7±1.24)mg/L,(63.88±1.82)μg/L]、AMI组[(18.52±1.96)mg/L,(66.41±1.24)μg/L]比SAP组[(4.6±1.16)mg/L,(47.56±0.72)μg/L]、正常对照组[(3.2±0.88)mg/L,(45.17±1.28)μg/L]显著升高(P<0.05)。(2)2周后,阿托伐他汀干预组血清hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平较治疗前明显降低[hs-CRP(18.52±2.37)mg/Lvs.(3.58±1.33)mg/L;PAPP-A(67.83±2.15)μg/Lvs.(45.62±1.58)μg/L,P<0.05],且较常规治疗组治疗2周后亦有显著降低[hs-CRP(3.58±1.33)mg/Lvs.(5.23±1.98)mg/L;PAPP-A(45.62±1.58)μg/Lvs.(51.35±2.15)μg/L,P<0.05]。结论阿托伐他汀干预可以减少急性冠脉综合征患者动脉粥样硬化斑块的炎症反应,具有稳定斑块的作用。     

急性冠脉综合征病人D-二聚体和C反应蛋白的变化及其临床意义

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)病人血浆D-二聚体(DD)和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的变化及其临床意义。方法58例ACS病人、30例稳定型心绞痛病人和30名健康体格检查者为研究对象,采用Nyco Card胶体金标法检测观察者静脉血中的DD含量,Nyco Card单人份金标法检测观察者静脉血中CRP水平,并行相关性分析。结果ACS组血浆DD、CRP分别为(1.48±0.45)mg/L、(13.3~36.2)21.4mg/L明显高于稳定型心绞痛组[(0.31±0.13)mg/L、(1.1~9.6)5.2mg/L]及对照组[(0.26±0.12)mg/L、(0.9~8.4)4.9mg/L](P<0.01)。ACS组血浆DD含量与CRP水平间呈显著的正相关(r=0.721,P<0.01)。结论血浆DD含量和CRP水平可作为早期预测急性冠脉综合征的生化指标。     

氯通道ClC-1、ClC-2在人心房肌的表达及与心房颤动的关系

目的研究氯通道ClC-1和ClC-2基因在人心房组织的表达及与心房颤动(AF)的关系。方法将71例风湿性心瓣膜病接受换瓣手术患者分为三组,窦性心律(SR)组31例,阵发性房颤(PAF)组7例,慢性房颤(CAF)组33例,于术中获取右心耳组织,应用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测心房组织ClC-1和ClC-2的mR-NA相对含量。结果①ClC-1、ClC-2基因在人心房组织有表达。②与SR组比较,PAF组ClC-1的mRNA表达增加但无统计学意义(1.05±0.22vs1.01±0.13,P>0.05),CAF组的表达明显增加(1.25±0.18vs1.01±0.13,P<0.001),CAF组较PAF组亦明显增加(P<0.01)。ClC-1的mRNA表达水平与左房内径、AF持续时间呈正相关[(r=0.344,P=0.003)(r=0.405,P<0.001)]。③与SR组比较,PAF组ClC-2的mRNA表达无增加(1.03±0.14vs1.04±0.15,P>0.05),CAF组的表达明显增加(1.26±0.13vs1.04±0.15,P<0.001),CAF组较PAF组亦明显增加(P<0.01)。ClC-2的mRNA表达与左房内径、AF持续时间呈正相关[(r=0.441,P<0.001)(r=0.331,P=0.005)]。结论AF患者ClC-1、ClC-2的mRNA表达水平的增加可能是心房肌电重构的分子基础。     

C反应蛋白增高在心房颤动中的意义

目的 :探讨C反应蛋白 (CRP)增高在心房颤动 (房颤 )发病中的意义。方法 :应用免疫比浊法测定 96例诊断为房颤患者血清CRP水平 ,与对照组比较 ,并对房颤按持续时间、病因不同分设亚组 ,进行统计学分析。结果 :房颤组、对照组血清CRP水平分别为 (4 .30± 2 .87)、(1.15± 0 .90 )mg L ,两组相比P <0 .0 5。器质性、孤立性房颤者CRP水平分别为 (5 .0 6± 1.92 )、(4 .37± 1.32 )mg L ,均高于对照组 ,P <0 .0 5。持续性、永久性房颤者CRP水平分别为 (5 .6 0± 1.80 )、(5 .0 0± 1.6 0 )mg L ,均高于阵发性房颤 [(3.30± 1.2 0 )mg L],P <0 .0 5。结论 :CRP增高反映的炎症状态可能促进房颤发生 ,以及呈持续性发作。     

心房颤动患者氨基末端脑钠肽前体水平与左心房大小的临床研究

目的探讨左心室收缩功能正常的心房颤动患者血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平与左心房内径(LAD)的关系及临床意义。方法选取左心收缩功能正常的阵发性心房颤动患者31例、持续性心房颤动患者30例和永久性心房颤动患者33例,另选30名窦性心律者为对照组,比较不同类型心房颤动患者与窦性心律者血清NT-proBNP水平,并观察血清NT-proBNP水平与LAD大小的关联。结果心房颤动患者血清NT-proBNP水平较窦性心律者升高,差异有统计学意义[(305.2±170.9)ng/L比(57.2±31.9)ng/L,P<0.01]。其中持续性心房颤动组的LAD和NT-proBNP较阵发性心房颤动组均显著升高[LAD:(33.7±4.9)mm比(30.5±3.3)mm,P<0.05;NT-proBNP:(261.8±124.9)ng/L比(143.7±26.2)ng/L,P<0.05];永久性心房颤动组的LAD和NT-proBNP较阵发性心房颤动组均显著升高[LAD:(37.5±2.9)mm比(30.5±3.3)mm,P<0.05;NT-proBNP:(599.0±33.5)ng/L比(143.7±26.2)ng/L,P<0.05];永久性心房颤动组的LAD和NT-proBNP较持续性心房颤动组均显著升高[LAD:(37.5±2.9)mm比(33.7±4.9)mm,P<0.05;NT-proBNP:(599.0±33.5)ng/L比(261.8±124.9)ng/L,P<0.05]。不同类型心房颤动组的LAD越大(中位值分别为30.5、33.7和37.5 mm),患者血清NT-proBNP的水平越高(中位值分别为143.7ng/L、261.8ng/L和599.0 ng/L)多元线性逐步回归分析显示,LAD、心房颤动类型和病程是高血清NT-proBNP水平的独立预测因素(均为P<0.01)。结论在左心室收缩功能正常的不同类型心房颤动患者中,血清NT-proBNP水平明显高于窦性心律者,可能与患者心房结构重构及心房颤动类型和病程密切相关。     

热休克蛋白60与心房颤动的关系

目的探索心房颤动(简称房颤)与氧化应激的关系。方法以住院行心脏换瓣手术的病人作为研究对象,按患者心律分为房颤组(n=22)和对照组(n=20),对照组为窦性心律。所有研究对象的心房肌组织样本,均作病理形态学观察,并用免疫组织化学法检测其热休克蛋白60(HSP60)表达;用乳胶增强免疫比浊法测定其血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果房颤病人的心肌细胞肥大与间质纤维化程度都比对照组明显。HSP60表达阳性率房颤组高于对照组(68.2%vs 25.0%),灰度值房颤组低于对照组(157.69±16.00 vs 178.69±28.63)。血清CRP含量房颤组高于对照组(20.72±17.92 mg/L vs 6.80±6.26 mg/L,P均<0.05)。结论氧化应激与房颤关系密切。     

急性冠脉综合征预后与其支架术前CRP、Fib、D-二聚体水平的关系

目的:探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)预后与其支架术前C反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D-二聚体水平的关系。方法:分别选择110例健康体检者(健康对照组)和110例接受冠脉支架术治疗的ACS患者(ACS组),测定两组患者CRP、Fib和D-二聚体的水平。6个月后对ACS组患者进行心血管事件评定,根据是否发生心血管事件分为事件组(35例)和非事件组两组(75例)。结果:与健康对照组比较,ACS组患者CRP[(2.02±1.17)mg/L比(11.15±3.12)mg/L]、Fib[(2.65±1.07)g/L比(4.03±1.19)g/L]、D-二聚体[(193.97±18.13)μg/L比(632.15±21.72)μg/L]的水平明显升高(P<0.05);与非事件组患者比较,事件组CRP[(9.69±3.14)mg/L比(14.28±3.32)mg/L]、Fib[(3.88±1.09)g/L比(4.36±1.23)g/L]、D-二聚体[(509.13±21.57)μg/L比(895.77±25.03)μg/L]的水平明显升高(P<0.05),直线相关分析显示,事件组患者CRP与Fib(r=0.41,P<0.05)、D-二聚体(r=0.54,P<0.01)水平呈正相关,Fib与D-二聚体亦呈正相关(r=0.39,P<0.05)。结论:急性冠脉综合征患者C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体的水平较健康体检者升高,急性冠脉综合征支架术前C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体水平越高,其预后越差。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.