术后辅助放疗对局限期软组织肉瘤疗效影响

目的 评价局限期软组织肉瘤(STS)的疗效并分析其预后因子,重点探讨术后放疗在STS治疗中的作用。方法 回顾分析2000—2010年7月在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院接受保留器官手术的203例STS患者,76例(37.4%)接受辅助放疗,采用前后对穿野放疗技术,剂量45~70 Gy。采用 Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank法检验,Cox模型多因素分析。结果 随访率94.7%,5年OS、LFFS、DMFS率分别为69.1%、69.3%、68.0%。多因素分析显示病理亚型、大小、切缘状况和是否接受放疗是影响OS因素,其中放疗显著降低STS患者LR风险(HR=0.327,95%CI为0.177~0.605,P=0.000),放疗显著提高OS (HR=0.489,95%CI为0.266~0.897,P=0.021)。结论 术后放疗不仅可提高STS的LC还可改善患者OS,其作用值得进一步研究。     

Oncological outcome after hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion for primarily unresectable versus locally recurrent soft tissue sarcoma of extremities

IntroductionThe management of locally advanced extremity soft tissue sarcomas, particularly in terms of a limb salvage strategy, represents a challenge, especially in recurrent tumors. In the context of a patient-tailored multimodal therapy, hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (ILP) is a promising limb-saving treatment option. We report the outcome of patients with primarily irresectable and locally recurrent soft tissue sarcoma (STS) treated by ILP.Patients and methodsData about patient demographics, clinical und histopathological characteristics, tumor response, morbidity and oncological outcome of all patients with STS, who underwent an ILP at our institution in a 10-year period, were retrospectively detected and analyzed.ResultsThe cohort comprised 30 patients. Two patients were treated with ILP for palliative tumor control, 13 patients because of a local recurrent soft tissue sarcoma (rSTS) and 15 patients because of primarily unresectable soft tissue sarcoma (puSTS). 25 of the 28 patients with curative intention received surgery after ILP (11 pts with rSTS and 14 pts with puSTS). Histopathologically we observed complete response in 6 patients (24%) and partial responses in 19 patients (76%) with a significant better remission in patients with puSTS (p = 0,043). Limb salvage rate was 75%. Mean follow-up was 69 months [range 13–142 months]. Seven (7/11; 64%) patients with rSTS and one (1/14; 7%) patient with puSTS developed local recurrence after ILP and surgery, whereas eight (8/13; 62%) rSTS patients and seven (7/15; 47%) puSTS patients developed distant metastasis. During follow-up, eight patients (28.5%) died of disease (5/13; 38%) rSTS and 3/15 (20%) puSTS. ILP in the group of previously irradiated sarcoma patients (n = 13) resulted in a limb salvage rate of 69% and was not associated in an increased risk for adverse events.DiscussionILP for advanced extremity STS is a treatment option for both puSTS and rSTS resulting in good local control and should be considered in multimodal management. ILP is also a good option for patients after radiation history.     

Amputation for extremity soft tissue sarcoma does not increase overall survival: A retrospective cohort study

To determine if amputation increases survival when compared to limb salvage surgery in patients with a soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremity when there is often a misconception among physicians and patients that ablative surgery eliminates local recurrence and increases overall survival. This retrospective cohort study assessed 278 patients with STS and compared 18 patients who had undergone amputations for soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities to a comparative cohort of 260 patients who underwent limb salvage surgery during the same time period. Our limb salvage surgery (LSS) rate was 94% overall for soft tissue sarcomas with a median follow-up of 3.1 years. Patients undergoing amputations either had tumors that involved a critical neurovascular bundle (in particular nerve rather than vessel resection was more responsible for a decision toward ablation), or underlying bone or had neoplasms whose large size would require such an enormous resection that a functional limb would not remain. In comparing prognostic effects, mainly death due to sarcoma, distant metastasis and local recurrence, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between patients undergoing amputation to those undergoing limb salvage surgery (p > 0.05). While amputations do not increase overall survival in soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity as compared to LSS, they are still a valuable option in a surgeon's arsenal. In particular, amputations can provide improved local control and symptomatic treatment in patients who might not be candidates for limb salvage surgery.     

Preoperative radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma: The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre experience

AIM: Radiotherapy has been shown to improve local control in combination with limb-sparing or conservative surgery in the management of localised soft tissue sarcoma. Our centre's treatment protocol is to offer preoperative external beam radiotherapy (50.4Gy in 28 fractions) followed by surgery four to six weeks later. The aim of this study is to review the treatment outcome and toxicity of patients treated with this protocol. METHODS: Consecutive patients with localised extremity or truncal soft tissue sarcoma who presented between January 1996 and December 2000 and treated with preoperative radiotherapy followed by limb-sparing surgery were reviewed. Patients with recurrent disease or metastatic disease at diagnosis and patients below the age of 16years were excluded. Local and distant recurrence, overall survival and treatment toxicity were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-seven cases were identified (41 males and 26 females). The median age was 52years (range 17 to 82). The majority (79%) had tumours located in the lower limb. The most common histological diagnoses were malignant fibrous histiocytoma and liposarcoma. The median follow-up was 4.1years (range 0.6 to 6.9). There were six local recurrences, two of which were successfully salvaged. Twenty patients developed distant metastases. The estimated 5-year actuarial local recurrence free, distant recurrence free and overall survival were 93%, 68% and 73% respectively. Acute radiotherapy toxicity and wound complications were acceptable and late toxicity was uncommon. CONCLUSION: Preoperative radiotherapy followed by surgery provides effective local control in the management of soft tissue sarcoma.     

术后放射治疗在原发肢体软组织肉瘤治疗中的作用

分析本院收治的原发于肢体的软组织肉瘤的治疗情况 ,评价术后放射治疗的作用。方法　本院共收治 15 1例 ,可供分析的 139例 ,分析影响生存和局控的因素及术后放射治疗的意义。生存率和局控率用Kaplan Meier方法计算 ,单因素分析用Logrank检验 ,多因素分析用Cox回归方法。结果　全组 5年生存率为 70 .2 % ,10年为 5 0 .4% ;5年无瘤生存率为 5 2 .9% ,10年为41.2 %。单因素分析对全组病例生存率有影响的因素 :肿瘤大小、年龄和治疗方式 (P值分别为0 .0 0 8,0 .0 0 7和 0 .0 40 )。多因素分析只有治疗方式对生存有影响 (P =0 .0 40 )。首次治疗方式对局控影响差异有极显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。手术方式对单纯手术组局控影响差异有极显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;肿瘤 <5cm时 ,射野大小对术后放射治疗组局控影响差异有极显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　术后放射治疗能提高局部控制率 ,初始射野应相对大 ,并采用缩野技术。对恶性度低、肿瘤 <5cm、手术切缘阴性患者第 1次术后可不做放射治疗。     

Radiotherapy to improve local control regardless of surgical margin and malignancy grade in extremity and trunk wall soft tissue sarcoma: a Scandinavian sarcoma group study

PURPOSE: Adjuvant radiotherapy has during the past decades become increasingly used in the treatment of localized soft tissue sarcoma. We evaluated the effect of radiotherapy (RT) on local recurrence rates (LRRs) in Scandinavia between 1986 and 2005. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 1,093 adult patients with extremity or trunk wall soft tissue sarcoma treated at four Scandinavian sarcoma centers were stratified according to the treatment period (1986-1991, 1992-1997, and 1998-2005). The use of adjuvant RT, quality of the surgical margin, interval between surgery and RT, and LRR were analyzed. The median follow-up was 5 years. RESULTS: The use of RT (77% treated postoperatively) increased from 28% to 53%, and the 5-year LRR decreased from 27% to 15%. The rate of wide surgical margins did not increase. The risk factors for local recurrence were histologic high-grade malignancy (hazard ratio [HR], 5), an intralesional (HR, 6) or marginal (HR, 3) surgical margin, and no RT (HR, 3). The effect of RT on the LRR was also significant after a wide margin resection and in low-grade malignant tumors. The LRR was the same after preoperative and postoperative RT. The median interval from surgery to the start of RT was 7 weeks, and 98% started RT within 4 months. The LRR was the same in patients who started treatment before and after 7 weeks. CONCLUSION: The results of our study have shown that adjuvant RT effectively prevents local recurrence in soft tissue sarcoma, irrespective of the tumor depth, malignancy grade, and surgical margin status. The effect was most pronounced in deep-seated, high-grade tumors, even when removed with a wide surgical margin.     

90例软组织肉瘤术后放疗临床分析

目的回顾分析软组织肉瘤术后放射治疗的疗效。方法１９８８年５月～１９９５年５月间收治９０例软组织肉瘤（多次术后复发４０例,首次术后复发５０例）,全部用６０Ｃｏ或加深层Ｘ线外照射,常规照射４５～５０Ｇｙ／５ｗ,然后缩野再用６０Ｃｏ或改用深层Ｘ线照射,总剂量低度恶性肉瘤６０Ｇｙ／６ｗ,中度恶性６５Ｇｙ／６．５ｗ,高度恶性７０Ｇｙ／７ｗ。结果３、５年生存率分别为８３．３％（７０／９０）和６１．３％（３８／６２）。局部复发率为５．６％（５／９０）,远处转移率为１１．１％（１０／９０）。影响软组织肉瘤的预后因素包括肿瘤大小、恶性程度、临床分期、术后放疗间隔时间。结论放射治疗能大幅度降低软组织肉瘤术后局部复发率。     

Prognostic significance of 18F-FDG PET at diagnosis in patients with soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma; systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeThe usefulness of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET) for the survival prognosis in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and bone sarcoma (BS) is controversial. The objective of this systematic review was to provide an up-to-date and unprecedented summary of the prognostic value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET at diagnosis in STS and BS.MethodsStudies evaluating pre-treatment ¹⁸F-FDG PET for overall survival of STS and BS were systematically searched for in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Comparative analyses of the pooled hazard ratios (HR) of overall survival were performed between patients with high and low maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax). The quality of study designs was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for quality assessment of cohort studies. P < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant.ResultsA total of six studies comprising 514 patients with STS and BS were considered for the meta-analysis. The pooled HR for overall survival was 1.22 (95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.46), suggesting that high SUVmax predicts a significantly shorter overall survival period than low SUVmax (P = 0.03). Additional subgroup analyses using patients with STS alone showed that high SUVmax might predict poorer overall survival than low SUVmax (P = 0.004), although only two studies consisting of 96 patients were included. The overall quality of the included studies evaluated by the NOS assessment was adequate.Conclusion¹⁸F-FDG PET at diagnosis provides a very useful predictive tool for patients with STS and BS.     

MRI surveillance for local recurrence in extremity soft tissue sarcoma

IntroductionThe role of MRI in surveillance for local recurrence (LR) remains uncertain in extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS). The aims of this study were 1) to examine the usefulness of MRI in detecting LR, 2) to identify the characteristics of LR detected by MRI, and 3) to examine whether MRI surveillance is associated with oncologic outcome.Materials and Methods477 patients who had regular surveillance for LR after surgery for extremity STS were reviewed. Surveillance was performed by routine MRI in 325 patients or other imaging modalities in 152 patients.ResultsThe rate of MRI-detected LR, defined as clinically undetectable LR identified on MRI, was 10.5% in the MRI surveillance cohort. The detection rates of MRI-detected LR were significantly higher in the patients with high risk of LR. MRI-detected LRs were more commonly located in the thigh or buttock (p = 0.005), were smaller (p = 0.001) and had LRs without mass formation (p = 0.007) than non-MRI-detected LRs. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with MRI-detected LR tended to have better post-LR survival (p = 0.104).ConclusionRoutine MRI surveillance can detect a significant number of clinically undetectable LRs in extremity STS especially for LRs in the thigh or buttock, small LRs or LRs without mass formation.     

Surgical management of soft tissue sarcoma in patients over 80 years

AIMS: To report outcome on patients over 80years of age with soft tissue sarcoma (STS), with respect to surgical treatment, co-morbidity, complications and survival. METHODS: From a prospective database of 3400 patients with STS presenting over a 13-year period, all patients over 80years of age were identified and reviewed, with respect to tumour characteristics morbidity, mortality and outcome. RESULTS: 128 patients over 80years were treated for STS with 63 referred for treatment of primary disease, of whom 50 underwent resectional surgery. The remaining 65 patients were treated for recurrent or incompletely excised disease. Of the 50 patients treated primarily with surgery, 56% of tumours where high grade and 56% were greater than 10cm in diameter. The overall complication rate was 34%, with a 30-day mortality of 4%. Two- and 5-year survival rates were 56% and 46%, with a local recurrence rate of 22% at a mean follow-up of 22months. CONCLUSION: This patient group presented with poor prognosis tumours that were associated with poor outcomes in the medium to long term. Age need not be considered a contra-indication to radical surgery with curative intent.     

Prospective evaluation of quality of surgery in soft tissue sarcoma

BACKGROUND: Prospective application of the French Sarcoma Group (FSG) method of surgery reporting in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in a single centre. METHODS: Patients with primary STS of the extremities or trunk wall consecutively operated at the same institution from January 1996 to December 2002 were evaluated for local recurrence (LR). There were 205 patients, with AJCC/UICC stages III and IV in 51% of cases. Resection types according to FSG were R0 in 147, R1 in 53 and R2 in five cases. Radiotherapy was delivered in 163 patients and chemotherapy in 103. Multivariate analysis was performed. Overall five-year survival was 75%. Median follow-up for surviving patients was 53 months. RESULTS: Actuarial five-year LR incidence was 13% in 200 patients with gross resection (R0+R1), it was 7% in R0 and 30% in R1 patients (p<0.0001). At univariate analysis, significant prognosticators for LR were age, histotype, tumour invasion, grade and resection type R. At multivariate analysis, resection R1 (relative risk (RR) 4.3, p=0.001) and grade 3 (RR 3.9, p=0.013) independently predicted LR. Combining these two variables produced three prognostic groups for LR: group 0 (no factor, n=70), group 1 (one factor, n=94) and group 2 (two factors, n=36) with five-year LR of 4%, 12% and 39%, respectively (p=6.4x10(-7)). CONCLUSION: This first prospective evaluation of surgery reporting in STS evidences a fourfold, highly discriminating difference in LR between resections R0 and R1.     

184例软组织肉瘤患者不同治疗方法分析

目的 探讨软组织肉瘤适当的治疗方法。方法 总结184例软组织肉瘤患者的临床资料,分析单纯手术(94例)、手术后加辅助放疗(62例)、手术后加辅助化疗(28例)的长期生存率和影响预后的因素。结果 单纯手术、手术后加辅助放疗和手术后加辅助化疗患者的5年生存率分别为39.4％、48.4％和28.6％。综合治疗是提高患者牛仔率与改善乍活质量的关键。临床分期、病理类型及治疗方法足影响长期生存的重要因素。结论 软组织肉瘤术后辅助放疗可以提高患者5年生存率。     

Clear-cell sarcoma of the soft tissue--a rare diagnosis with a fatal outcome

IPACH I., MITTAG F., KOPP H.‐G., KUNZE B., WOLF P. & KLUBA T. (2012) European Journal of Cancer Care 21 , 412–420 Clear‐cell sarcoma of the soft tissue – a rare diagnosis with a fatal outcome Clear‐cell sarcomas account for less than 1% of all soft tissue tumours. They most often occur in middle‐aged adults as a deeply located lesion with predilection to the tendons and aponeuroses. The aim of the present study was to show possible influencing factors on the outcome after surgical treatment in a detailed case series. We reviewed the medical records of 11 patients with the diagnosis of a clear‐cell sarcoma of the soft tissue. These cases were analysed with regard to age, gender, localisation, tumour size, recurrence free survival and overall survival. A minimum follow up of 12 months was achieved. The mean age at the point of diagnosis was 47.9 years. Metastases occurred after a mean of 19.2 months. In the cases with a tumour diameter >5 cm, metastases occurred earlier. When treated in a specialist centre, metastases occurred later. Patients died a mean of 18.4 months after developing metastatic disease. Patients with tumour size >5 cm at the point of primary diagnosis died earlier than patients with a tumour size <5 cm. It is important to detect clear‐cell sarcomas as soon as possible and the final surgical treatment should be performed in a centre familiar with the treatment of soft tissue tumours not only to prolong overall survival, but also to treat the patient in a multiprofessional team.     

沙利度胺治疗晚期软组织肉瘤的临床观察

目的 评价沙利度胺单药治疗晚期软组织肉瘤的疗效、不良反应及对患者生活质量的影响。方法 22例二线方案化疗失败的晚期软组织肉瘤患者口服沙利度胺,每日100mg晚睡前顿服,1周后加量至每日200mg,维持治疗至疾病进展,同时每日口服阿斯匹林75mg。每2个月评价疗效、毒副反应,参照Karnofsky评分评价患者生活质量（QOL）。结果 2例获得PR（9.1％）,4例SD（18.2％）,疾病控制率（DCR）为27.3％;中位无进展生存期为1个月,中位总生存期为5个月;3例（13.6%）生活质量改善,5例（22.7%）稳定。主要不良反应为便秘、疲乏、嗜睡,多为1～2级,其他不良反应少见。结论 单药沙利度胺治疗软组织肉瘤具有一定疗效,可提高部分患者的生活质量。     

Significance of local treatment in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma

Metastatic soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent enormous challenges to improve the low survival rate, which is almost the same as past 2 decades ago, although surgery, radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation has been accepted in the treatment of metastatic STS. Moreover, STS varies between elderly and younger victims in the aspect of diagnoses, prognosis, and treatment strategies. In order to evaluate the role of local treatment in improving prognosis for patients with metastatic STS and select the proper candidates who will benefit from local therapy, a single-institution nearly 50-year experience were collected and reviewed. Finally, we found that local treatments could improve treatment response and survival, but overall survival advantage could not be seen in elderly patients. This conclusion from a single institution could serve as a basis for future prospective multi-institutional large-scale studies.     

Long-term outcome after local recurrence of soft tissue sarcoma: a retrospective analysis of factors predictive of survival in 135 patients with locally recurrent soft tissue sarcoma

Background:

The aim of this study was to identify prognostic indicators of survival in patients with locally recurrent soft tissue sarcoma (STS) through a long-term follow-up.

Methods:

We retrospectively assessed the relationship between post-recurrence survival (PRS) and potential prognostic factors in 135 patients who had experienced local recurrence, which was suitable for further surgical treatment. The median follow-up time after initial recurrence was 12.3 years (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.4–14.2 years).

Results:

The 5-year estimate of the PRS rate was 53.1% (95% CI: 44.3–61.2%) for the entire series. Patients with negative margins after the final surgery experienced improved survival compared with patients with positive margins (5-year survival: 46.7% (35.2–57.5%) vs 35.5% (23.4–47.8%); P=0.01). In a multivariate analysis, the significant prognostic indicators for PRS were histologic grade, tumour site, time to initial recurrence, the number of recurrences and the surgical margin status attained at the last resection.

Conclusions:

Complete surgical resection with microscopically clear margins is desirable in patients with locally recurrent STS. However, when achieving clear surgical margins will require major functional impairment of the extremity, a radical surgical approach should be weighed for the patient in each case.     

THE CLINIC－PATHOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF 66 CASES WITH SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA OF ABDOMEN

ＴＨＥＣＬＩＮＩＣ－ＰＡＴＨＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦ６６ＣＡＳＥＳＷＩＴＨＳＯＦＴＴＩＳＳＵＥＳＡＲＣＯＭＡＯＦＡＢＤＯＭＥＮＺｈｅｎｇＴｉａｎｒｏｎｇ郑天荣；ＬｉｕＸｉｕｙｉｎｇ刘秀英；ＬｉＪｉａｎｃｈｅｎｇ李建成；ＺｈａｏＣｈｕｎｌｉ赵春...     

单中心高度恶性软组织肉瘤的诊疗经验

背景与目的：高度恶性软组织肉瘤是一类转移率高、预后差的恶性肿瘤。该研究总结单中心高度恶性软组织肉瘤的治疗经验,以指导制定这类肿瘤患者的个体化治疗方案。方法：对2000年7月—2014年7月在北京大学人民医院骨与软组织治疗中心接受手术及辅助治疗的473例高度恶性软组织肉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,随访这些患者复发、转移及生存情况,分析影响预后的因素。结果：共有400例（84.6%）患者接受了保肢治疗。103例患者出现局部复发,148例患者出现肺、骨等远处转移,419例（88.6%）患者接受广泛性切除。370例患者接受术后化疗,153例患者接受局部放疗。平均随访时间为46.9个月（8.0~127.0个月）。随访期间114例患者死亡。3、5及10年总生存率分别为82.6%、69.0%及58.7%。统计学分析显示,肿瘤的组织学类型、辅助化疗及转移情况是影响患者预后的危险因素。结论：对高风险的肿瘤患者应进行积极的辅助治疗,包括通过化疗降低转移风险和局部放疗降低复发率,以期提高这些患者的生存率。     

改良MAID方案治疗54例晚期软组织肉瘤的疗效分析

背景与目的:临床研究表明MAID方案连续静脉输注72h治疗晚期软组织肉瘤的近期疗效较以阿霉素(ADR)为主的二药联合方案疗效高,肿瘤无进展时间长,但是对患者长期生存无明显改善,严重的Ⅲ/Ⅳ度血液学毒性和治疗相关死亡影响了其在临床广泛使用。本研究通过用四氢吡喃阿霉素(THP-ADR)替代MAID方案中的ADR和改良异环磷酰胺(IFO)用法治疗晚期软组织肉瘤,观察改良方案的疗效和不良反应。方法:通过多中心协作筛选符合标准的患者接受IFO2000mg/m2静脉滴注4hd1～3,美斯钠1200mg/m2在IFO治疗的0、4和8h静脉滴注d1～3,THP-ADR20mg/m2和达卡巴嗪(DTIC)333.3mg/m2持续静脉滴注d1～3,THP-ADR和DTIC溶于同一液体瓶或泵中通过中心静脉导管输注,每3周重复,至少2周期,评定近期疗效和毒性反应。对所有完成2周期治疗的患者每2月随访1次,直至随访截止。利用寿命表法计算长期生存率和肿瘤进展时间。结果:可评价的54例患者全部完成至少2周期改良MAID方案化疗,总有效率42.59%。不良反应较轻,Ⅲ Ⅳ度中性粒细胞减少发生率25.93%,粒细胞减少性发热11.11%,Ⅲ Ⅳ度血小板减少发生率16.67%,其它毒性少见,无明显的肝肾毒性、无治疗相关性死亡和中枢神经系统毒性反应。随访2年,至肿瘤进展时间为7个月,1年和2年生存率分别为61.11%和36.36%。结论:改良MAID方案简化了原方案中三种药物均需要同时连续输注的过程,有比较好的有效率和长期生存,未见严重毒性反应,耐受性良好,值得进一步前瞻性随机对照研究。