吸烟对某些微量元素及相关抗氧化酶活性的影响

调查了吸烟者体内抗氧化酶活性的改变是否依赖其辅助因子的浓度。测定吸烟者血浆硒、铜、锌、铁的浓度以及与其相关的抗氧化酶如铜－锌超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性，并与非吸烟者相比较。测定血浆硫（代）氰酸盐的水平作为衡量吸烟严重程度的指标。结果显示，吸烟者血浆铜浓度和红细胞铜－锌超氧化物歧化酶活性明显高于非吸烟者，而血浆硒浓度和红细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性明显低于非吸烟者，但两组血浆铁和锌的浓度及红细胞过氧化氢酶活性无显著差别。吸烟者的红细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和血浆硒、铜－锌超氧化物歧化酶和铜及过氧化氢酶活性和铁的浓度之间存在明显的正相关，而血浆硫（代）氰酸盐水平与硒浓度之间存在负相关。结论为：吸烟者体内抗氧化酶类活性的改变依赖于它们的辅助因子。     

跳伞应激对空降兵物质代谢激素影响分析

采用放射免疫方法，探讨５０名空降兵在跳伞前、６８名跳伞后血浆皮质醇、生长激素、胰岛素、胰高血糖素等物质代谢激素的变化。结果发现，与跳伞前相比，血浆皮质醇呈增高趋势，但无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），胰高血糖素略为增加，但无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。这些结果提示跳伞期间空降兵处于高度应激状态，同时这些激素的变化为评价跳伞应激提供参考资料。     

金属镉作业人群的脂质过氧化与抗氧化能力的观察

目的 观察金属镉接触作业人群体内的脂质过氧化产物和抗氧化酶的变化。方法 选取91名接触金属镉（Cd）的作业人员为接触组，并以79名不接触任何毒物的健康人作为对照组，测定血清中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GST）。结果 接触组的SOD、GSH-Px和GST的活性明显下降，而MDA明显增高（P〈0．05）。以工龄分组比较，显示长工龄组较短工龄组MDA高，SOD、GSH-Px和GST活性低（P〈0．05）。结论 Cd能增加体内脂质过氧化产物含量，降低机体的抗氧化能力，增加职业接触人群对氧化应激的易感性。     

大蒜素对乙醇引起肝损伤的拮抗作用

研究大蒜的有效成分大蒜素对乙醇氧化性肝损伤的影响。结果表明大蒜素（１０ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｇ，ｑｄ×１０）不仅能逆转乙醇所致血清丙氨酸转氨酶和谷胱甘肽Ｓ－转移酶活性的升高，而且能明显增加乙醇肝损伤小鼠肝脏谷胱甘肽含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和谷胱甘肽Ｓ－转移酶活性。对乙醇所致肝脏丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性的改变则无明显影响。提示大蒜素能拮抗乙醇氧化性肝损伤，其机制与增强肝脏谷胱甘肽抗氧化系统的功能有关     

模拟60 m空气潜水引起大鼠的氧化应激状态

目的观察模拟60m空气潜水引起大鼠的氧化应激状态。方法将大鼠置于动物加压舱内,暴露于700kPa压缩空气下60min,每天2次,连续3d。于暴露后第1、3、5天915断头取血。用化学比色法测定循环血浆中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽转硫酶的活力和谷胱甘肽、丙二醛的含量。结果经高压空气多次暴露后,大鼠血浆抗氧化酶活力显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),但在暴露后3～5d全部恢复正常;谷胱甘肽含量在暴露后第3天时明显降低(P<0.01),第5天恢复正常;丙二醛含量在多次暴露后显著增高(P<0.01),第5天时降至正常水平。147kPa纯氧暴露后各指标变化类似于700kPa空气暴露。常氧高氮处理后各指标无显著改变。结论60m模拟空气潜水引起大鼠明显的氧化应激,但能在3～5d内恢复;上述变化可能与压缩空气中的高分压氧有关。     

锑对小鼠肝线粒体抗氧化酶系统影响的实验研究

目的探讨锑中毒性肝损害的机理。方法本实验以亚急性中毒实验模型，观察了三氧化二锑对小鼠肝线粒体抗氧化酶的影响。结果每天腹腔注射４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ三氧化二锑２８天，染锑动物血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性明显增高；肝线粒体超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性与对照组比较，差异有显著性；与对照组相比，染毒２８天时，染锑组动物肝线粒体丙二醛为４７２７±１２１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，与对照组比较，差异有极显著性。结论表明锑引起肝损害的机理与其损伤肝线粒体的抗氧化能力，产生脂质过氧化作用有关。     

辅酶Q_（10）的人体抗氧化作用研究

目的探讨辅酶Q10对人体的抗氧化作用。方法将120例符合要求的健康志愿者按血清丙二醛含量随机分为样品组和对照组,样品组连续服用受试物120 d,测定两组人群血清中丙二醛（MDA）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和安全性指标。结果样品组丙二醛含量下降率、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性升高率均显著大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。两组人群的各项安全性指标试验前后均无明显改变。结论辅酶Q10对人体具有抗氧化作用。     

公共汽车驾驶员和售票员外周血脂质过氧化水平分析

对公共汽车驾驶员与售票员外周血红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性、血浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、红细胞内谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量和全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨＰｘ）活性进行测定。结果表明年龄与４项指标的变化无明显联系，红细胞ＳＯＤ活性和血浆ＭＤＡ含量与工龄有一定联系，ＧＳＨ含量和ＧＳＨＰｘ活性也有随工龄增加而下降的趋势。结果提示该职业对从业人员脂质过氧化水平有明显影响。     

抗白内障药物对硒性白内障大鼠晶状体中酶活力的影响

目的:通过观察抗白内障药物(抗氧化剂与自由基清除剂)对亚硒酸钠性白内障大鼠晶状体中与谷胱甘肽代谢有关的三种酶活力的影响,探讨亚硒酸钠性白内障与氧化损伤的关系。方法:用亚硒酸钠诱发大鼠白内障,同时给予抗白内障药物。白内障诱发完毕后测定各组大鼠晶状体中与谷胱甘肽代谢有关的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSSG-R)及谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSH-S)的活力。结果:注射硒的大鼠晶状体中GSH-Px及GSSG-R的活性均比正常晶状体的高;接受抗白内障药物预防的大鼠晶状体中这两种酶的活性比未接受预防的大鼠晶状体中的低。单独注射硒的大鼠晶状体中GSH-S的活性比正常晶状体高;接受预防的大鼠晶状体中此酶的活性和正常晶状体无差异,但比单独注射硒的大鼠晶状体中的低。结论:晶状体中GSH-Px及GSSG-R的活性升高与氧化剂的诱导有关。     

电解铝工人神经行为功能的改变及其机理探讨

目的：研究铝氟联合暴露的电解铝工人神经行为功能的改变及其与铝、氟的接触水平－效应关系。初步探讨神经毒作用机理。方法：采用WHO推荐的神经行为功能测试组合（NCTB）对65名电解铝工人和52名对照工人进行测试，并测定其血浆铝氟浓度，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量及全超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、胆碱酯酶活性，结果：铝、氟浓度增高，GSH－Px活性降低，MDA含量增高、SOD活性增高，胆碱酯酶活性降低（均P＜0．001）；NCTB的多数测试得分均有显改变，且血浆氟浓度与数字跨度，提转敏捷度及情感状态得分间均存在明显相关，结论：电解铝作业可影响工人神经行为功能，血浆氟浓度与神经行为功能间存在一定接触水平－效应关系，在神经毒性方面，氟可能为电解铝作业的主要职业有害因素。     

不同气候地区武警战士脂质氧化-抗氧化水平的研究

目的　探讨气候因素对不同地区的武警战士脂质氧化抗氧化系统的影响和可能的生物学意义。方法　从 6个不同气候地区随机抽取健康男性武警战士共 1 0 0 0人 ,采用试剂盒测定各项指标。结果　 6个不同地区武警战士的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活力及谷胱甘肽 (GSH)浓度比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。SOD和GSH Px在不同气候地区间呈相似的变化趋势 ,GSH渐升后突降 ,而丙二醛 (MDA)浓度各地区间比较 ,差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　气候因素对武警战士的脂质抗氧化酶活力有影响 ,寒冷和炎热地区武警战士血浆中SOD、GSH Px活力较低 ,但气候因素对脂质过氧化物MDA的含量无明显影响     

Effects of B2-deficiency on lipoperoxide and its scavenging system in the rat lens

The level of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, glutathione reductase and hepatic B2 was significantly decreased in rats fed a B2-deficient diet. The synthesis of ester forms of B2 was decreased more in the lenses of rats fed this diet for 8 weeks than in those fed this diet for 4 weeks. The glutathione reductase activity in the lens decreased as the duration of a B2-deficient diet increased; this may be ascribable to a decrease in the formation in the lenticular riboflavin ester as a coenzyme. The level of lipid peroxides increased in the serum and lenses of rats on the B2-deficient diet, however, compared to the controls, the changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase were not significant. Lenticular glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased significantly in rats fed the B2-deficient diet for 8 weeks. We suggest that B2 deficiency brings about metabolic disorders in the redox system to maintain lens transparency, that lipoperoxide is accumulated, and that the efficiency of the scavenging system and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and reductase are decreased.     

二硫化碳对粘胶纤维作业工人血浆脂质过氧化系统的影响

选用血浆超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）浓度作为指标初步探讨了二硫化碳对化纤作业工人体内脂质过氧化系统的影响和可能的生物学意义。结果显示：接触１５ｍｇ／ｍ３浓度二硫化碳的工人血浆丙二醛浓度为（７３４±０２１）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,明显高于对照组（５８２±０２６）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜００１）;而其超氧化物歧化酶活性则为（１１７５４±３３９０）Ｕ／ｍｌ,明显低于对照组（１３８５４±０５１）Ｕ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜００１）。表明ＣＳ２接触可抑制血浆ＳＯＤ的活性,导致脂质过氧化增强。     

Lipid peroxidation and concentration of glutathione in erythrocytes from workers exposed to lead

Lipoperoxide concentration in erythrocytes from workers occupationally exposed to lead (mean blood lead concentration 57.1 (SD 17.6) micrograms/dl) was significantly higher than that in controls. It was not different in plasma from the two groups. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in erythrocytes from workers exposed to lead was significantly lower than that of control subjects. The effect of lead was also seen in the glutathione concentration of erythrocytes from lead exposed workers, which was reduced to 69% of that found in erythrocytes from control workers. The increase in methaemoglobin content of erythrocytes from workers exposed to lead was less than expected and not significantly different from that of controls. A positive correlation between lipoperoxide concentration in erythrocytes and lead concentration in blood and a negative correlation between glutathione concentration in erythrocytes and blood lead concentration were found. Incubation of erythrocytes for 24 hours at 37 degrees C in the presence of lead (100 micrograms/dl) produced no changes in glutathione and lipoperoxide concentrations, although there was inhibition of activity of SOD (14.3%), catalase (10.1%), and glutathione peroxidase (35.1%). A similar experiment with heparinised whole blood showed increased haemolysis with no changes in membrane lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes. It is postulated that the lowered concentration of glutathione and decreased activity of SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes from workers exposed to lead may play a part in the increased membrane lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the results suggest the possibility that leucocytes, or platelets, or both, may induce haemolysis in the presence of lead.     

Lipid peroxidation and concentration of glutathione in erythrocytes from workers exposed to lead.

Lipoperoxide concentration in erythrocytes from workers occupationally exposed to lead (mean blood lead concentration 57.1 (SD 17.6) micrograms/dl) was significantly higher than that in controls. It was not different in plasma from the two groups. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in erythrocytes from workers exposed to lead was significantly lower than that of control subjects. The effect of lead was also seen in the glutathione concentration of erythrocytes from lead exposed workers, which was reduced to 69% of that found in erythrocytes from control workers. The increase in methaemoglobin content of erythrocytes from workers exposed to lead was less than expected and not significantly different from that of controls. A positive correlation between lipoperoxide concentration in erythrocytes and lead concentration in blood and a negative correlation between glutathione concentration in erythrocytes and blood lead concentration were found. Incubation of erythrocytes for 24 hours at 37 degrees C in the presence of lead (100 micrograms/dl) produced no changes in glutathione and lipoperoxide concentrations, although there was inhibition of activity of SOD (14.3%), catalase (10.1%), and glutathione peroxidase (35.1%). A similar experiment with heparinised whole blood showed increased haemolysis with no changes in membrane lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes. It is postulated that the lowered concentration of glutathione and decreased activity of SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes from workers exposed to lead may play a part in the increased membrane lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the results suggest the possibility that leucocytes, or platelets, or both, may induce haemolysis in the presence of lead.     

黑米花青素在大鼠视网膜光化学损伤中的抗氧化作用研究

目的探讨黑米花青素(anthocyanins-rich extract from black rice,BRACs)防护视网膜光化学损伤(retinal photochemical damage,RPD)的机制。方法 60只Sprague-Dawley大鼠饲以AIN-93基础饲料1w后,随机分为对照组(饲以基础饲料,n=10),光照组(饲以基础饲料,同时3 000±200 lux强度的白色荧光持续光照24h,n=25)和BRACs组(饲以基础饲料的同时,灌胃给予100mg BRACs/kg bw 15d,光照24h,n=25)。然后测定光照0,3,6,12,24h视网膜组织中脂质过氧化终产物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和抗氧化酶系超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)的活性。结果各组大鼠进食量和体重无显著统计学差异(P0.05),光照后大鼠视网膜内MDA含量随光照时间逐渐增加,BRACs干预能降低光照大鼠MDA含量(P0.05);同时光照降低了SOD、GSH-Px、GST活性,BRACs能升高光照大鼠视网膜抗氧化酶SOD和GSH-Px活性(P0.05)。结论 BRACs防护视网膜光化学损伤与其较强的抗氧化特性有关。     

甲醛染毒大鼠脂质过氧化水平分析

用不同剂量（５，１０，２０，５０，１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）甲醛经腹腔注射染毒ＳＤ大鼠后２４小时，以及１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ染毒后２，６，２４小时收集大鼠血和肝脏。对样品的测定结果显示，红细胞ＳＯＤ活性，全血ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性，红细胞内谷胱甘肽含量以及血浆与肝组织ＭＤＡ浓度等五项指标与染毒剂量均有不同程度相关，其中红细胞ＳＯＤ对甲醛最为敏感，５ｍｇ／ｋｇ时就比对照组有明显降低，在时间效应关系中可以见到红细胞内ＳＯＤ     

中暑士兵血清酶学和脂质过氧化水平分析

为探讨血清酶学改变和脂质过氧化水平在士兵中暑发生过程中的意义,选择夏季五公里的越野训练中中暑的男性士兵22名及同期未发生中暑的士兵20名,测定其血清LDH和CK含量、血浆中超氧化物歧化酶和红细胞丙二醛含量。结果发现,与对照组相比,中暑组士兵血清LDH和CK含量以及血浆超氧化物歧化酶活性明显升高（P＜0．01）,而丙二醛含量虽也升高,但差异并无显著性。结果提示在士兵中暑中发生过程,自由基细胞膜脂质过氧化损伤,导致胞浆酶溢出,血清酶水平升高。     

Effect of synergic dietary calcium enrichment and induced ferropenic anemia on antioxidant enzymes activity in rats

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the synergism of dietary calcium enrichment (added to goat's or cow's milk) and induced nutritional ferropenic anemia on oxidative status.

Methods

Control rats and rats with induced nutritional ferropenic anemia were fed for 14 d with diets containing normal (5000 mg/kg) or double (10 000 mg/kg) the recommended calcium content. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in plasma were measured, as were the activities of the antioxidant enzyme catalase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocyte cytosol.

Results

Dietary calcium enrichment did not affect oxidative stress as assessed by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; however, it significantly upregulated the activities of some antioxidant enzymes examined in the erythrocyte cytosol. In particular, adding calcium to standard or milk-based diets significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity in control and anemic rats and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity in control rats.

Conclusion

The increased activities of glutathione peroxidase and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase induced by dietary calcium enrichment suggest that calcium supplementation may protect against oxidative stress even in nutritionally induced ferropenic anemia.