首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
李丽娜  彭国平 《中国公共卫生》2015,31(12):1546-1548
目的 了解湖北省2013年艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)情况,并探讨其影响因素,为调整VCT策略提供依据。方法 对2013年湖北省333个VCT门诊求询者的人口学信息、求询者类型和主要求询原因以及艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体检测情况进行统计分析。结果 共有57378人接受了自愿咨询检测,其中56654人接受了HIV抗体筛查,筛查率为98.74%(56654/57378),查出HIV抗体阳性442人,阳性率为0.78%(442/56654)。求询者类型以主动求询为主,占91.96%(52099/56654)。求询原因以非商业非固定异性性行为和商业异性性行为为主,分别占34.23%(19390/56654)、30.87%(17489/56654)。HIV抗体阳性率最高的是男男性行为者,达6.88%(145/2109),其次是配偶/固定性伴阳性者,为5.47%(61/1116)。多因素logistic分析显示,年龄、求询者类型、咨询单位以及既往检测情况等4个因素与求询者HIV抗体阳性率有关。结论 将VCT与医疗机构开展医务人员主动提供HIV检测咨询相结合,要加强男男性行为者和老年人检测后咨询及干预力度。  相似文献   

2.
目的了解嘉兴市自愿咨询检测门诊(VCT)求询者的人群特征,分析艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染情况的影响因素,为制定本地艾滋病防治策略提供依据。方法收集整理嘉兴市2011年-2013年VCT门诊求询者的一般情况和HIV抗体检测结果等相关信息,并对HIV感染的可能影响因素进行统计分析。结果共调查25 636例求询者,其中25 486例(99.41%)进行了HIV抗体筛查,共检出HIV抗体阳性159例,阳性率为0.62%。经Logistic多因素分析显示,性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、接触暴露史和VCT来源等相关因素与HIV感染风险有关(P0.05)。结论 VCT是艾滋病防治工作的重要措施,应积极推动社区VCT门诊的建设,扩大服务覆盖范围,减少艾滋病的传播。  相似文献   

3.
目的 对2008-2013年三明市艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)结果进行分析,为制定艾滋病防治对策提供科学依据.方法 数据来源于《艾滋病综合防治信息系统》中检测咨询个案库,分类进行统计分析.结果 2008-2013年有效运行的33家机构共对35 947人次求询者提供了艾滋病咨询和检测服务,疾控机构VCT门诊人次数占79.12%;男女求询者HIV抗体检测阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=19.78,P<0.01),求询者婚姻状况、文化程度和年龄分组的总HIV抗体检测阳性率差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01);求询人次较多的类型为商业异性性行为史17 879人次,占49.74%,男男性行为史HIV抗体检测阳性率较高占13.75%;求询者来源以主动求询为主,占62.81%.结论 VCT是发现HIV/AIDS的重要途径,要加强对咨询员培训,针对重点人群开展健康教育和行为干预.  相似文献   

4.
叶晟  雷建萍 《职业与健康》2014,(22):3300-3301
目的了解大冶市2010—2013年艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)基本情况,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法对2010—2013年大冶市VCT门诊求询者的人口学信息、求询者来源和类型以及人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体检测情况进行统计分析。结果 2010—2013年大冶市共有3 323人接受了VCT服务,求询者中以主动求询者为多,占69.33%;不同年份主动求询者所占比例差异有统计学意义(x^2=25.175 2,P〈0.05)。HIV抗体阳性检出率为0.93%,各年HIV抗体阳性检出率分别为1.25%、0.48%、0.96%、1.06%,差异无统计学意义(x^2=2.841 6,P〉0.05)。按不同年份分不同发现途径进行阳性率比较,通过VCT发现阳性数差异有统计学意义(x^2=11.503 1,P〈0.01),通过临床途径和其他途径发现阳性数差异无统计学意义(x^2=4.584 5、0.253 0,均P〉0.05)。结论 VCT在艾滋病疫情发现方面作用有限,在医疗机构开展医务人员主动提供HIV检测咨询(PITC)应成为以后发现疫情的主要策略来倡导和落实。  相似文献   

5.
目的 了解凭祥市疾病预防控制中心艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)情况,为进一步开展VCT服务,防止HIV传播提供依据.方法 对2008-2009年间到凭祥市疾病预防控制中心的艾滋病自愿咨询检测门诊寻求VCT服务的求询者的调查资料进行分析.结果 2年来VCT门诊求询者共2 133人,检出HIV抗体阳性177例,阳性率为8.3...  相似文献   

6.
目的分析2011-2020年凉山州疾病预防控制中心VCT门诊HIV抗体检测结果,了解VCT人群特征及检测情况,为完善凉山州艾滋病防治及检测服务工作提出针对性建议。方法收集2011-2020年凉山州疾病预防控制中心VCT门诊求询者HIV检测数据库进行统计分析。结果 2011-2020年凉山州疾控中心VCT门诊共接待求询者5 850人,其中有男性3 402人(58.21%)、女性2 446人(41.81%),彝族3 649人(62.38%)、汉族2 108人(36.03%),共检出HIV抗体阳性2 176例,阳性率达37.20%;不同年龄,不同民族求询者HIV抗体阳性率差异有显著统计学意义(P0.001),其中19~30岁、55岁、彝族求询者HIV抗体阳性率较高(40.21%、41.37%、45.41%)。2011-2020年各年求询者HIV抗体阳性率总体呈先升后降趋势差异有显著统计学意义(P0.001),其中男性、汉族、55岁求询者HIV抗体阳性率逐年增长明显(P0.001);彝族、女性求询者HIV抗体阳性率呈逐年下降趋势(P0.001)。结论 2011-2020年凉山州疾控中心VCT门诊求询者以男性、彝族居多,HIV抗体阳性率以19~30、55岁、彝族居高,对此类人群制定相应的健康教育和行为干预措施是今后的重点工作;另一方面彝族、女性求询者HIV抗体阳性率逐年下降明显表明凉山艾滋病防治工作初见成效。VCT作为发现人群感染HIV的重要手段,进一步提高工作质量,积极发挥检测的重要作用。  相似文献   

7.
目的 了解福建省艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)状况,为制订防治对策提供依据.方法 对福建省2014-2015年VCT门诊就诊者的基本信息及检测结果进行分析.结果 福建省2014-2015年共有139 153人接受了VCT服务,其中女性占59.0%,20~39岁占81.5%.求询原因以有商业异性性行为者占比最大(26.6%);主动求询为主(80.4%).求询者中,有136 862人(98.4%)接受了HIV抗体筛查,阳性1 578人,阳性率1.2%,以男男性行为者、配偶/固定性伴阳性者筛查阳性率最高,分别为13.7%和10.1%;有131 613人(94.6%)进行梅毒抗体检测,检出阳性2 579人,阳性率为2.0%.结论 随着VCT工作的推进,福建省有更多的人愿意接受VCT,特别是女性,VCT门诊HIV感染者发现率较高,应继续做好VCT门诊工作.  相似文献   

8.
目的分析红河州自愿咨询检测者HIV感染情况及基本特征,为进一步开展工作提供依据。方法收集2011-2013年红河州各艾滋病自愿咨询检测门诊按规范要求完成的所有咨询个案表及其HIV抗体检测结果进行分析。结果 2011-2013年红河州VCT室共完成HIV检测25 921人,HIV阳性率15.11%;求询者中有注射吸毒史的HIV阳性率最高为36.66%,非婚异性性行为史的阳性率占26.48%,其中有非商业非固定异性性行为史的阳性率为14.00%、商业异性性行为史的阳性率12.48%,配偶/固定性伴阳性求询者阳性率为19.85%,有男男性行为史者阳性率为5.28%。求询者以初中及初中以下文化程度者为主(79.34%)、青壮年占较大比例(79.30%),有非商业非固定异性性行为史和商业异性性行为史的求询者占较大比例(63.48%)。结论红河州在今后的艾滋病防治措施中应加强包括PITC、哨点、监管场所、婚检等多种形式的HIV检测工作,进一步扩大该地区的HIV检测面,提高防治工作效果。  相似文献   

9.
目的了解凭祥市疾病预防控制中心艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)情况,为进一步开展VCT服务,防止HIV传播提供依据。方法对2008—2009年间到凭祥市疾病预防控制中心的艾滋病自愿咨询检测门诊寻求VCT服务的求询者的调查资料进行分析。结果 2年来VCT门诊求询者共2 133人,检出HIV抗体阳性177例,阳性率为8.30%,HIV阳性者以性途径感染为主(占67.8%);以配偶或固定性伴阳性者的HIV检出率(31.58%)最高;男性求询者HIV抗体阳性率(10.79%)高于女性(5.12%)(P〈0.01),≥45岁求询者HIV抗体阳性率(13.35%)高于〈45岁求询者(7.19%)(P〈0.01)。求询者以20~44岁的青壮年为主,占74.97%;男女性别比为1.27∶1;已婚者占61.84%。求询者类型以有非婚异性性行为者为主,占51.29%。结论凭祥市VCT人群中以配偶或固定性伴阳性者的HIV检出率最高。今后应加大VCT服务宣传力度,完善转诊转介服务网络和服务机制,提高VCT服务的可及性。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]了解艾滋病自愿咨询检测门诊接受艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)人群有关情况及艾滋病病毒(HIV)检测状况,以便为求询者提供有针对性的措施。[方法]对2005-2007年到郴州市疾病预防控制中心VCT门诊寻求服务的求询者基本信息及HIV抗体检测资料进行分析。[结果]2005-2007年合计1 299人接受咨询检测服务,2005-2007年分别为280人、490人、529人,其中接受咨询检测的1 272人,只咨询未检测的27人。在检测的1 272人中,HIV抗体阳性97例,阳性率为7.63%。HIV抗体阳性率,男性为8.79%,女性为6.07%(P〉0.05);4个月至14岁为1.82%,15-24岁为2.89%,25-34岁为9.88%,35-44岁为8.97%,45-82岁为13.51%(P〈0.01);静脉吸毒者为11.20%,异性性接触者为5.79%,HIV感染者配偶/性伴为34.00%,其他人员为2.13%(P〈0.01)。[结论]VCT门诊求询者中15-44岁占89.92%,自愿检测者HIV阳性率较高,占同期发现HIV阳性总数的47.79%。  相似文献   

11.
了解隆昌县1999-2008年艾滋病的流行情况,为相关部门制定艾滋病的防治措施提供科学依据。方法按照《全国艾滋病检测技术规范》(2004年版)ELISA法进行HIV(1+2)抗体的检测。结果 1999-2008年本实验室共初筛检测HIV(1+2)抗体10 061人,检出阳性43人,总感染率0.43%。隆昌县1999-2008年的HIV感染率呈逐年上升趁势,43例HIV感染者中有33例通过性传播,10例有共用注射器静脉吸毒史,未发现母婴传播和不明原因感染者,性接触感染占76.74%,静脉吸毒感染占23.26%。结论隆昌县艾滋病的传播是性传播及共用注射器静脉吸毒为主。  相似文献   

12.
酶标一步法试剂检测HIV抗体的前滞现象分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
目的:探讨酶标一步法试剂检测HIV抗体的前滞现象(钩状效应)及其应对措施。方法:对高危人群的血清标本采用一步法和两步法及稀释法进行检测,3种方法任何一种检出阳性的样品均做WB确认试验确证。结果:抗-HIV采用酶标一步法检测时出现假阴性现象,漏检率达0.75%。结论:酶标一步法试剂的HOOK现象可导致HIV抗体检测的假阴性,造成漏检,最好的解决办法是采用二步法或稀释法。  相似文献   

13.
目的 了解2005-2007年第四轮中国全球基金艾滋病项目(GF4)一期7个省76个项目县艾滋病自愿咨询检测(voluntary counseling and testing,VCT)工作开展情况,为下一步管理和决策提供有价值的信息.方法 对7个省76个项目县VCT工作指标报表及相关资料进行汇总,分析VCT服务点建设、运转使用、高危人群服务利用和HIV检测情况.结果 2005年7月~2007年6月7个省76个项目县支持建设VCT服务点169个,接受VCT服务总人数为379 689人;单个VCT服务点每季度接受服务人数中位数为372人;接受咨询检测服务者中吸毒人群、暗娼、性病人群、其他人群分别占16.17%、15.25%、6.34%和62.23%;吸毒人群和暗娼人群VCT服务利用率分别为17.35%和76.74%;接受咨询检测服务者中HIV总检出率为3.44%,吸毒人群、暗娼、性病人群和其他人群HIV检出率分别为13.88%、0.89%、2.64%和1.44%,不同人群和省份HIV检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).结论 2005-2007年GF4项目一期7个省76个项目县VCT服务发展迅速,服务利用较好,对暗娼等高危人群的覆盖率较高,对推动项目县VCT工作的开展、监测艾滋病疫情和落实关怀、治疗等措施具有重要意义;但各项目县存在单个VCT点服务利用逐渐下降、吸毒人群利用率较低和地区间工作差异明显等问题.  相似文献   

14.
Community-based organizations (CBOs) play a vital role in the provision of HIV prevention services across the country. Little is known about how CBOs interact to share prevention ideas and implement prevention activities. In this qualitative study we examine the ways in which CBOs share with one another prevention-related resources and ideas, and produce prevention programs. Utilizing a grounded theory approach to analysis, we develop a model to explain CBOs' relationships with their peers. Implications for working with CBOs are discussed.  相似文献   

15.
男男性接触者HIV、梅毒、丙肝感染及行为调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的 了解新疆乌鲁木齐市男男性接触者(MSM)艾滋病、丙型病毒性肝炎、梅毒感染状况和艾滋病相关知识、行为.方法 对符合条件的MSM进行一对一的匿名问卷调查,采集静脉血进行艾滋病、丙肝、梅毒血清学检测.结果 231名被调查者中,人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染率2.16%,梅毒感染率10.82%,丙肝感染率1.30%.被调查者艾滋病常识应答正确率为95%以上.调查者中近6个月与男性发生过肛交性行为每次都用安全套的比例仅有36%;与女性发生过性关系占16.88%,仅有40.00%的使用安全套.与女性发生性行为时每次使用安全套的频率仅为12.50%.结论 乌鲁木齐市MSM人群中HIV、梅毒感染率较高,要采取多种有效的措施进行干预.  相似文献   

16.
An understanding of quality of life (QOL) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important because the merits of prevention and treatment alternatives may depend substantially on how these interventions affect QOL. Physicians' views about QOL are important, because they influence the therapeutic options that physicians consider or offer, the recommendations that physicians make, and because they are important for the analysis of certain policy questions. We assessed physicians' utilities of health states associated with HIV infection, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; assessment of utilities for HBV was included to provide a comparison with HIV utilities. We surveyed 200 housestaff and staff physicians in an academic medical centre by anonymous paper-based questionnaire and used the time-tradeoff method to assess physicians' utilities of the health states. On a scale in which 0 was equivalent to death, and 1 was equivalent to good health, the median utilities for asymptomatic HIV infection, symptomatic HIV infection, and AIDS were 0.833, 0.417, and 0.167, respectively (p < 0.01 for each two-way comparison). Median utilities for asymptomatic HBV infection, mildly symptomatic HBV infection, and severely symptomatic HBV infection were 0.917, 0.667, and 0.167, respectively (p < 0.01 for each two-way comparison). Although physicians varied substantially in the ratings of health states, they assessed the utility of life with HIV disease, including asymptomatic infection, as severely reduced. Studies of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic interventions for HIV should evaluate the effect of the intervention on utility-based assessments of QOL. Studies that do not assess such effects may significantly underestimate or overestimate the value of these interventions, depending on the intervention's effect on QOL.  相似文献   

17.
陈阳贵  陆娟  马丽  刘泓  张为胜 《现代预防医学》2012,39(20):5410-5412
目的 了解乌鲁木齐地区结核病患者中艾滋病病毒感染流行情况及其特征并进行分析,为制定有针对性的TB/HIV双重感染控制策略提供依据.方法 在乌鲁木齐市第五轮全球基金TB/HIV双重感染防治项目的4个区,选择2007年9月~2009年底的所有结核病患者作为研究对象,开展HIV检测及相关问卷调查.结果 4个调查点共纳入调查1 501例结核病患者,HIV筛查率为92.34%;1 386例结核病患者中筛查出HIV阳性者197例,HIV感染率为14.21%.在筛查的人群中以男性、25~34岁年龄组、维吾尔族、本地户籍、其他类型结核、复治结核、涂阴结核病和已死亡为结局的HIV感染率较高.结论 乌鲁木齐市结核病合并HIV感染情况较为严峻,应重视结核病合并HIV感染的控制工作.  相似文献   

18.

Purpose

To evaluate the measures of community human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (VL) and the association with HIV incidence among people who inject drugs (PWID).

Methods

Data were from 1986 to 1999 Urban Health Study conducted among PWID in the San Francisco Bay Area. Extant measures of community VL use mean VL among HIV + study participants, not accounting for the proportion of HIV- individuals. We compared the strength of the associations between HIV incidence and the traditionally measured mean community VL and a new prevalence-adjusted community VL, calculated by dividing the sum of VL among HIV + participants by the total participants irrespective of HIV status.

Results

Mean community VL was not correlated with HIV incidence in this sample of PWID (rs = 0.32, P = .28). However, prevalence-adjusted community VL was strongly correlated with HIV incidence (rs = 0.69, P = .009). Nested complimentary log-log linear models indicated that increases in community VL and prevalence-adjusted community VL were both associated with HIV incidence, but prevalence-adjusted community VL was a more sensitive measure (hazard ratio = 1.28, P = .038 and hazard ratio = 3.29, P < .001, respectively).

Conclusions

The effect of community VL on HIV incidence may be stronger than previously reported. Future studies of community VL surveillance should consider accounting for the prevalence of HIV using a prevalence-adjusted community VL measure.  相似文献   

19.
Children with spastic diplegia as a result of cerebral palsy (CP) or HIV encephalopathy have different pathogenesis but present with similar motor deficits. Anti-retroviral therapy has allowed HIV-infected children to survive for longer but with this comes an increase in co-morbid complications that are not life-threatening but have an adverse effect on activity and participation. The aim of this study was to determine if there are similarities or differences with regards to function, tone and strength between children with spastic diplegia as a result of CP and those with spastic diplegia as a result of HIV encephalopathy. Participants with spastic diplegia (GMFCS I to IV) between the ages of 4 and 16 years were selected at four institutions in Johannesburg. Thirty-three HIV-infected children with spastic diplegia and 31 HIV-uninfected participants with CP spastic diplegia were assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure 66 (GMFM-66), Functional Mobility Scale (FMS), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) for tone, and a hand-held dynamometer for strength. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to function, strength and tone. When the groups were separated into ambulant (GMFCS I and II) and non-ambulant groups (GMFCS III and IV), there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for GMFM (ambulant group p = 0.52, non-ambulant group p = 0.74), tone and strength. A minimally clinically important difference (MCID = 3.87) was found for the GMFM-66 in the ambulant group in favour of the HIV-infected participants. There was a trend for the HIV-infected ambulant participants to be weaker and have milder tone from proximal to distal. The non-ambulant HIV-infected participants tended to be stronger and have mild rather than severe tone from proximal to distal when compared to the CP group. Children with spastic diplegia as a result of HIV encephalopathy presented similarly to the HIV-uninfected children with spastic diplegic CP but tended to be more functional, have less severe tone and were weaker.  相似文献   

20.
《Global public health》2013,8(3):312-314
Abstract

Nigeria has the largest number of HIV/AIDS cases in West Africa, with 3.3 million people estimated to be living with the disease. The country remains a fragile democratic state and has allocated insufficient resources to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS among its citizens. The preponderance of President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) dollars, expert knowledge, conservative ideology and activities has shaped the direction of HIV/AIDS sexual-transmission prevention programmes in Nigeria. PEPFAR channels significant resources through Nigerian faith-based organisations (FBOs), and considers these organisations integral for HIV prevention strategies. In many instances, HIV/AIDS prevention programmes managed by FBOs reflect their ideologies of morality and sexuality. There is a convergence of religious ideology concerning morality and HIV infectivity between American and Nigerian conservatives; this produces a fertile ground for the influence and expansion of the conservative activities of PEPFAR in Nigeria. The paper highlights this nexus and draws attention to the biopolitical underpinning of PEPFAR in shaping Nigeria's HIV prevention programmes. The paper further notes both positive and negative effects of PEPFAR activities and attempts by the Obama administration to redirect PEPFAR to a more holistic approach in order to optimise outcomes.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号