763例优生遗传咨询者外周血淋巴细胞染色体分析

目的 探讨优生遗传咨询者染色体检查的临床意义。方法 对763例优生遗传咨询者外周血淋巴细胞行染色体常规G显带核型分析。结果 763例优生遗传咨询者中染色体异常核型47例（6．2％）;其中不良孕产史咨询者572例,异常核型28例（4．9％）;男性不育咨询者94例,异常核型11例（11．7％）;原发不明原因不孕不育咨询者97例,异常核型8例（8．2％）。结论 优生遗传咨询者进行外周血淋巴细胞染色体检查非常必要,可为产前诊断和优生提供科学依据。     

疑患遗传病咨询者外周血细胞遗传学分析

（1）目的：对1029例遗传咨询者进行染色体核型分析，为临床诊断提供依据。（2）方法：对咨询者外周血作淋巴细胞培养，制备染色体中期分裂象，经G，C显带处理，在高倍光学显微镜下分析分散良好的分裂象30－100个，并对染色体异常者进行显微拍照分析。（3）结果：1029例遗传咨询者共检出异常核型182例，异常型检出率为17．69％，其中常染色体异常为136例，占总检出率的13．99％，性染色体异常46例，占总检出率的4．18％；染色体多态现象104例，占总检出率的10．11％；（4）结论：生长分育异常，智力低征，性征异常及存在不良孕产史者异常核型检出率高，提示在临床中对发现有上述表现咨询者进行染色体核型分析十分必要。     

染色体多态性与临床生殖异常关系的探讨*

目的：探讨人类染色体多态性与临床生殖异常的关系。方法：针对来我院遗传咨询的患者,进行常规外周血淋巴细胞培养,染色体G显带方法进行染色体核型分析。结果：在1068例遗传咨询者中,检出染色体多态性132例,检出率12.4%,明显高于普通人群发生率（2.6%）,两者差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。其中常染色体多态性100例,包括次缢痕增长（1/9/16号染色体）47例占多态核型35.6%,D/G组染色体短臂增长42例占多态核型31.9%,9号染色体臂间倒位11例占多态核型8.3%。Y染色体多态性32例占多态核型24.4%,其中Y染色体长臂qh+19例,Y染色体长臂qh-13例。结论：本文中染色体多态性变异检出率提示染色体多态性可能与生育异常诸如：不孕不育、习惯性流产、死胎畸胎、少弱精、无精症等具有相关性。     

590例遗传咨询者细胞遗传学分析

目的：探讨来自西南地区遗传咨询者的染色体异常与临床异常的关系。方法：培养外周血淋巴细胞,采用染色体G显带技术,对590例遗传咨询者作染色体核型分析。结果：检出染色体异常核型84例,检出率为14.24﹪。结论：染色体异常是导致智力低下、不良孕产、不孕不育、原发及继发闭经、生殖系统发育异常、两性畸形等的重要病因,对遗传咨询者进行细胞遗传学分析在临床诊断和优生优育等方面具有重要意义。     

胎儿超声软标记与结构畸形在产前诊断染色体异常中的意义

目的：探讨胎儿超声软标记、结构畸形在产前诊断染色体异常病例中的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析608例行染色体核型分析胎儿的超声征象及染色体检测结果,总结染色体异常胎儿的超声征象特点,比较超声软标记、结构畸形胎儿染色体异常检出率的差异。结果：608例中,染色体核型分析结果异常54例（检出率8.9%）,其中21?三体25例（46.3%）;18?三体9例（16.7%）;13?三体2例（0.04%）;Turner 综合征1例（0.02%）;余17例为其他染色体异常。染色体核型分析结果异常中有31例（57.4%）存在超声征象异常。高危因素为超声因素的检出率（12.3%）明显高于非超声因素的检出率（6.7%）（P＜0.05）。结构畸形的染色体异常检出率（28.6%）明显高于超声软标记的染色体异常检出率（6.7%）（P＜0.01）。结论：发现胎儿存在结构畸形或多个软标记阳性,特别是合并羊水过多或其他高危因素（高龄、血清学检查阳性）时应建议行染色体检查以明确诊断;发现单个超声软标记时,没有必要过分强调其可能的染色体风险,以免引起孕妇精神紧张和过度医疗。     

急性白血病染色体核型异常的临床分析

：目的：分析７２例急性白血病患者染色体核型异常分布情况及各亚型核型变化的特点;对比不同核型的近期疗效。方法：对初次确诊的急性白血病（AL）进行形态学、免疫学及细胞遗传学检测;给予常规方案化疗。结果：正常核型26例,占36.1%,异常核型46例,占63.7%,其中AML63.8%（37/58）,ALL66.7%。从染色体核型异常的特点看,M3染色体变化较一致,以ｔ（15;17）改变为主,而其他类型AL染色体异常存在着不一致性。特别是M4、M5、存在着明显的不一致性。t(15;17)、t(8 ;21) 、正常核型、其他异常核型的治疗缓解率分别为100%、80%、57.7%、38.3%。结论：根据ＡＬ染色体核型分析,复杂核型是预后不良的标志。有些特定的染色体异常与ＦＡＢ亚型密切相关。染色体核型分析在ＡＬ诊断、分型、治疗及预后判断各方面起着重要的作用。     

成人急性白血病染色体核型异常的临床分析

目的：分析74例成人急性白血病患者染色体核型异常分布情况及各亚型核型变化的特征。方法：对初步确诊的急性白血病进行形态学、免疫学、细胞遗传学、分子生物学检测。结果：急性白血病患者染色体异常核型在AML、ALL中分别为64.4%（38/59）、73.3%（11/15）,平均染色体核型异常者占66.2%（49/74）。从染色体核型异常的特征来看,M3染色体变化较一致,以t（15;17）（q22;q11.2）改变为主;而其他类型白血病染色体异常存在着不一致性,特别是M4有着明显的不一致性。结论：根据急性白血病染色体核型异常分析,复杂核型则是预后不良的标志。有些特定的染色体异常与FAB亚型密切相关。因此,染色体异常核型分析在白血病诊断、分型、治疗及预后判断诸方面起着十分重要的作用。     

大庆地区3 877例遗传咨询者的染色体核型分析

目的研究本地区遗传咨询者群体中染色体异常的发病率,为优生干预提供科学根据。方法常规取外周血培养,制备染色体G显带标本,镜下核型分析。结果3877例中发现异常核型178例,异常率4.59%。检出常染色体异常74例,占异常核型的41.57%。其中常染色体数目异常39例,占异常核型的21.91%;常染色体结构异常35例,占异常核型的19.66%。检出性染色体异常104例,占异常核型的58.43%。其中性染色体数目异常15例,占异常核型的8.43%;性染色体异常中大Y87例,小Y2例。结论染色体异常是导致智力低下、不良孕产史、不孕不育、性发育异常、无精、闭经的重要原因之一,因此,对遗传咨询者进行外周血淋巴细胞染色体检查十分必要。     

郴州地区2881例遗传咨询者细胞遗传学分析

目的：探讨外周血染色体异常与临床疾病的关系,为临床诊断提供指导。方法对2881例遗传咨询者进行外周血淋巴细胞培养,经G显带分析核型。结果2881例遗传咨询者中发生239例染色体异常,异常率8.30%。结论智力低下、性发育异常、染色体异常配套等多种疾病与染色体异常有关,对此类人群进行染色体检查很有必要。     

605例女性遗传咨询者的染色体核型分析

目的:探讨染色体异常核型在女性遗传咨询者中的发生情况.方法:无菌条件下取605例女性遗传咨询者外周血,淋巴细胞常规培养制作染色体标本,胰酶法G显带,显微镜下进行染色体核型分析.结果:605例进行染色体检查,发现染色体异常核型65例,异常检出率为10.74%.其中,Tumer's综合征39例(60.00%);性反转综合征3例(4,62%);常染色体异常核型23例(35.38%).结论:染色体异常是女性性腺发育不良、不良妊娠、不育不孕及新生儿智力障碍、先天畸形等疾病的重要病因之一.对女性遗传咨询者进行染色体检查,可指导临床治疗及优生.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.